Meaning "rebirth", a cultural movement that began in Italy approximately A.D. 1350 and spread to other European countries by the time it came to a close in 1600.
2.
a literary and historical movement to recover the Latin and Greek classics, and with them to discover a more secular and individualistic view of humanity.
3.
Human centered
4.
God centered
5.
Meaning "humane studies" or liberal arts, including Latin and Greek literature, history, and ethics
6.
a development of the Renaissance movement, the use of historical knowledge to evaluate ancient writings, as well as existing traditions and institutions; 2) a modern approach to the study of the Bible, whereby the Bible is subjected to scientific scrutiny and the critic attempts to discover the historical circumstances of the biblical text and the intended meaning of its author.
7.
A scholar of the Renaissance period, learned in the writings of both Latin and Greek early church writers. His reconstruction of the New Testament text became the basis for many subsequent translations into the vernacular.
8.
Language of the common people
9.
Martin Luther (A.D. 1483-1546) used this phrase to explain that God is the one who justifies people. Salvation does not depend on a person's own goodness or righteousness, but on God's righteousness.
10.
Sorrow for sin.
11.
Forgiveness for the guilt associated with sin.
12.
Prayers, fasting, pilgrimages, or works of piety assigned to a person in the sacrament of penance to remove the penalties or consequences of sin.
13.
In the late medieval period, a treasury of surplus good works of the saints and of Christ.
14.
A formal document issued by the pope
15.
A teaching about how the bread and wine of the Eucharist become the body and blood of Jesus Christ: after consecration by a validly ordained priest, the accidents remain as bread and wine, but the substance changes and becomes the body and blood of Christ.
16.
A governmental assembly or meeting, such as the imperial congresses or parliaments of the Holy Roman Empire.
17.
The statement issued by the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation that declared Martin Luther an outlaw and a heretic
18.
During the Protestant Reformation, some reformers forcibly entered churches and removed or destroyed statues, stained glass, and paintings containing images.
19.
A term used to describe members of the churches that trace their ultimate origin to the Reformation of the sixteenth century
20.
A statement of faith drafted by Phillip Melanchthon, representing the Lutheran position, at the Diet of Augsburg. The diet, which was called to resolve differences between Protestants and Catholics, failed, but Lutherans signed Melanchthon's statement, making it one of the most important documents of Lutheran doctrine even today.
21.
From a Greek word meaning "to instruct", a manual of Christian doctrine used to instruct believers in the Christian faith.
22.
Swiss reformer and theologian, known especially for his emphasis on justification by grace alone, his spiritual understanding of the Eucharist, his exclusive reliance on the Bible rather than church tradition and proclamations and his opposition to priestly celibacy and the use of images in worship.
23.
The debate between Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli in A.D. 1529.
24.
The French reformer and theologian who led the Swiss city of Geneva through the Reformation. He is known especially for the doctrines of election and double predestination and for grappling with the problem of church authority after the Protestant rejection of the authority of Rome. His teachings are most influential in the Christian Reformed Church and the Presbyterian Church.
25.
The biblical idea, emphasized most strongly by John Calvin, that God mysteriously chooses to enter into special relationship with some persons and groups, but not with others.
26.
The Calvinist idea that God has already chosen some people for salvation and others for damnation, a result of emphasizing God's sovereignty and knowledge over human free will.
27.
The governing council of the Calvinist Geneva, consisting of members from the city government, the church leadership, and the laity.
28.
Popularized by the churches of the Radical Reformation, the idea that becoming a Christian (and a member of a church) always requires an active decision. It never occurs simply because of where people live or because of their parents' beliefs.
29.
The idea, popularized by the churches of the Radical Reformation, that since Baptism involves entering into a covenant with God, it requires an act of conscious, active belief on the part of the person being baptized. Since only adults are old enough to formulate such belief and make such a decision, infant Baptism is ruled out.
30.
The idea that the way to reform and renew Christianity was to "restore" the church to the original structures, beliefs, and practices that prevailed during the time of Jesus and the apostles.
31.
The king of England who led his country through the Reformation. At first a supporter of Catholicism against the reformers, Henry eventually broke with the pope and the Catholic Chruch and established the Church of England with himself at its head, at least in part in a dispute with Rome over Henry's desire to divorce his wife.
32.
An admirer of Martin Luther, he was the first to publish an English translation of major parts of the Bible.
33.
Archbishop of Canterbury for most of the early years of the English Reformation. He is recognized for his contributions to the Thirty-Nine Articles, which sets out the specific similarities and differences between the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church, and the 1549 and 1552 versions of The Book of Common Prayer, a hugely popular and influential liturgical document.
34.
An English theologian and reformer, he was originally a member of the Church of England. He and his followers eventually broke away to form the Methodist Church.
35.
An independent Protestant church founded by John Wesley, which began as a reform movement within the Church of England. It differed from the Church of England in its greater emphasis on personal spirituality, Bible study, evangelistic preaching, and lively services.
36.
A nineteenth-century group of teachers in Oxford who rallied against England's interference in the workings of the Irish church. John Henry Newman was one of its leaders.
37.
One of the leaders of the Oxford Movement, which fostered a revival of the Catholic elements of English (Anglican) Christianity. He later converted to a Roman Catholicism and eventually was named a cardinal.
38.
The American branch of the Anglican communion, meaning those churches that trace their roots to the Church of England and regard episcopacy as a biblical mandated ministry of the church.
39.
A term given to the efforts of those who, during the Protestant Reformation, were loyal to the pope and supportive of the customary practices of the Roman Catholic Church in order to counter the teachings and practices of the Protestant reformers.
40.
A term given to the efforts of those Roman Catholics who wanted to bring about the internal rebirth of Catholic sensibility--in theology, spirituality, religious piety, and morality--in the sixteenth century, during the time of the Protestant Reformation
41.
A single Bible in which text was presented in several languages.
42.
Groups of clergy who banded together for the purpose of prayer, meditation, and mutual support as they participated in discussions about how they might reform the church.
43.
Also known as the Jesuits, this religious order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola in A.D. 1540. Dedicated to the service of the pope, they played an important role in the Catholic Reformation both as missionaries and teachers. Today they are the largest Catholic religious order, with a large and respected system of high schools, colleges, and universities.
44.
Founder of the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits.
45.
Developed by Ignatius of Loyola, this month-long spiritual examination allows the individual to participate in the drama of sin and salvation, leading to a turning over of everything, especially the will, to obedience to one's religious superior, to the teachings of the church and its traditions, for the spread of the faith.
46.
A reform branch of the Franciscan movement, this religious order was officially recognized in 1528 during the Catholic Reformation. Members got their name from the unique four-pointed hood that they wore with their brown habit.
47.
Originally the "cardinals" were local Roman clergy who assisted the pope in his work as bishop of Rome; in the Middle Ages they gained exclusive responsibility for electing a pope and for advising him on matters pertaining to the operation of the Roman Catholic Church.
48.
Declared by Roman Catholics to be an ecumenical council, this church council met over a period of eighteen years to address doctrinal and practical issues of reform, both within the Catholic Church and in response to the Protestant Reformation
49.
A Latin translation of the Bible, containing also the books of the apocrypha, widely used in the West at least from the sixth century A.D. and declared by the Council of Trent to be the only authoritative translation of the Bible
50.
A prayer book containing the Liturgy of the Hours, the official prayer of the church, regularly prayed ny priests, monks, and religious sisters. It is composed of psalms and readings from the Bible and other religious literature.
Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.