Conjunctivitis & Chloramphenicol for Opthalmic Use
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The Iris becomes Infected
The Sclera becomes inflammed
The Pupil becomes Damaged
The Conjunctiva becomes Inflammed
The surface of the cornea is too flat
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Protects the Sclera
Refracts light to enable vision
Produces Mucous and Tears
Helps prevent microbes entering the eye
Decreases Friction when we blink
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Due to the common pyogenic (pus-producing) bacteria
More common in infants than adults as children are more readily exposed to Staph Aureus
Often source from faeces or person to person spread
Can occur as a secondary infection in conjunction with Viral Conjunctivitis
Usually resolves spontaneously within 7-10 days, however, chloramphencol eye drops hasten resolution time.
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Viral conjunctivitis is easily spread from person to person.
Virus strains that most frequently cause conjunctivitis include: Adenovirus, which often causes the common cold. Herpes viruses, which cause chickenpox, shingles or cold sores on the lips and Corona viruses.
The main difference between bacterial and viral conjunctivitis is that viral discharge is watery /clear whereas bacterial is yellow / pus-like.
Viral conjunctivitis causes severe photophobia
Chloramphenicol eye drops or ointment an help treat and prevent secondary bacterial infection in viral conjunctivitis
Lids often stick together (matting), especially after sleeping. No Itch, No Photophobia, No Pain Purelent discharge – opaque, yellow Grittiness/irritation, mild foreign body sensation
Mild irritation but mainly itch Watery discharge Symptoms in both eyes History of seasonal allergies with runny nose and sneeze No pain, no photophobia
Variable watery discharge Marked redness In both eyes No pain, no photophobia Chronic contact lens wearer
Affected one eye but spread to the other eye after 3-days Grittiness/irritation, mild foreign body sensation Watery discharge No Itch, No Photophobia, No Pain Diffuse pinkness of the conjunctiva
I would not need to refer any of the above presenting histories
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A child of 6 months old
A patient with a suspected foreign body still in the eye
A 32 year old woman due to have a baby within a few days
A adult who has had worsening symptoms after treatment with chloramphenicol within 2 days with treatment
All of the above
Bacterial and viral conjunctivitis usually resolves spontaneously within 7-10 days, however, antibacterial eye drops hasten resolution time.
The ointment lasts longest in the eye, and is preservative free. However, the ointment may blur vision temporarily if used during the day.
Using drops during the day in combination with ointment at night provides optimum treatment
Chloramphenicol can help treat and prevent secondary bacterial infection in viral conjunctivitis
None of the above
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Antibacterial eye drops last beyond the expiry date if kept in the fridge
Always continue treatment for at least 48 hours after the eye appears normal
Avoid using make-up. Note: mascara and other make up applicatio avoid sharing towels or facecloths. Wash hands regularly ns can be infected and may need discarding
As bacterial conjunctivitis is contagious, do not share eye drops, avoid touching eyes
Use a clean cloth soaked in warm water to wash away secretions from eyes and eye lashes. Wipe away from the affected eye so as not to infect the other.
Read the Standard Operating Procedure for the sale of Chloramphenicol for opthalmic use
Am familiar with the process for labelling and pricing Chlorsig correctly in my Radius Pharmacy
Understand that Chloramphenicol sales must be recorded as a Pharmacist Only Medicine
Have practised at least 3 consulatations with my peers, using the Radius diagnosis and algorithm consultatiobn form.
Understand that every choramphenicol sale must be accompanied with a relevant Self Care Card
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