RAD 212 Chapter 3 (Part 2)
(9).webp "RAD 212 Chapter 3 (Part 2) - Quiz")
This is a practice test covering the powerpoints for chapter 3 (upper extremity). This mostly covers wrist.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
For a PA hand, the hand is placed in _____________.
- A.
Supination
- B.
Pronation
- C.
Flexion
- D.
Deviation
Correct Answer
B. PronationExplanation
In the context of hand placement, pronation refers to the act of rotating the hand so that the palm is facing downwards or towards the back. This position is commonly used when performing activities such as typing or writing. In contrast, supination refers to the rotation of the hand so that the palm is facing upwards or towards the front. Flexion refers to the bending of the hand or fingers, while deviation refers to the sideways movement of the hand. Therefore, for a PA hand, the hand is placed in pronation.Rate this question:
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- 2.
For all three regular views of the hand, the CR is centered at the third MP joint.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
B. FALSEExplanation
It is centered at the second MP joint for a lateral hand projection to place it in the center of the collimated light.Rate this question:
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- 3.
For which hand projection is the CR centered at the second MP joint instead of the third?1. PA2. external oblique3. lateral
- A.
1 and 2 only
- B.
2 and 3 only
- C.
1 and 3 only
- D.
2 only
- E.
3 only
Correct Answer
E. 3 onlyExplanation
The correct answer is 3 only. In hand projections, the central ray (CR) is usually centered at the third metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint. However, in the lateral hand projection, the CR is centered at the second MP joint instead of the third. This is because the lateral view allows for better visualization of the phalanges and metacarpals, which are the focus of the image. Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer as it states that only in the lateral projection the CR is centered at the second MP joint.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Approximately how much of the distal radius and ulna should be included on projections of the hand?
- A.
1 inch
- B.
2 inches
- C.
3 inches
- D.
One half of the forearm
Correct Answer
A. 1 inchExplanation
The distal radius and ulna are the bones in the forearm that extend down to the wrist. When taking projections of the hand, it is important to include a portion of these bones to ensure proper visualization of any abnormalities or injuries. Including approximately 1 inch of the distal radius and ulna on the projection allows for a comprehensive view of the hand and wrist anatomy.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which joint spaces are open in a PA hand projection but are not demonstrated as open in a PA oblique hand projection?1. IP joints2. MP joints3. CM joints
- A.
1 only
- B.
2 only
- C.
3 only
- D.
1 and 2 only
- E.
2 and 3 only
Correct Answer
C. 3 onlyExplanation
In a PA hand projection, the joint spaces that are open are the interphalangeal (IP) joints and the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints. However, in a PA oblique hand projection, the joint spaces that are open are the IP joints and the carpometacarpal (CM) joints. Therefore, the only joint spaces that are open in a PA hand projection but not demonstrated as open in a PA oblique hand projection are the CM joints.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which projection is used for a pediatric bone age assessement?
- A.
PA hand
- B.
PA oblique of the hand
- C.
Lateral of the hand
- D.
Caldwell
Correct Answer
A. PA handExplanation
The PA hand projection is used for a pediatric bone age assessment. This projection involves taking an X-ray of the hand with the palm facing down and the X-ray beam directed from the posterior to the anterior side of the hand. This allows for clear visualization of the bones in the hand, which is important for assessing skeletal development and determining the bone age in pediatric patients. The other options listed (PA oblique of the hand, lateral of the hand, Caldwell) are not specifically used for pediatric bone age assessment.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Why are the fingers spread on a PA and PA oblique of the hand?
- A.
To support the hand during the exposure.
- B.
To prevent scatter between the digits.
- C.
To prevent soft tissue overlap between the fingers.
- D.
To better visualize the fat pads in the digits.
Correct Answer
C. To prevent soft tissue overlap between the fingers.Explanation
The fingers are spread on a PA and PA oblique of the hand to prevent soft tissue overlap between the fingers. This positioning allows for better visualization of the individual bones and structures in the hand, as well as reducing the risk of obscuring any abnormalities or fractures that may be present. By spreading the fingers apart, the radiologist or technician can obtain a clearer and more detailed image of the hand, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What should be at the center of the collimation field for PA and oblique hand projections?
- A.
2nd MP joint
- B.
3rd MP joint
- C.
The 3rd CM joint
- D.
The center of the 3rd metacarpal
Correct Answer
B. 3rd MP jointExplanation
The correct answer is the 3rd MP joint. In PA and oblique hand projections, the center of the collimation field should be positioned at the 3rd MP joint. This is because the 3rd MP joint is the central joint in the hand and aligning the collimation field with it ensures that the entire hand is captured in the X-ray image.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which side of the hand rests on the IR for a lateral hand projection?
- A.
Lateral
- B.
Medial
- C.
Distal
- D.
Proximal
Correct Answer
B. MedialExplanation
The medial side of the hand rests on the IR for a lateral hand projection. In a lateral hand projection, the hand is positioned with the thumb side (lateral side) facing away from the IR, while the little finger side (medial side) is in contact with the IR. This positioning allows for a clear visualization of the bones and structures on the medial side of the hand.Rate this question:
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- 10.
For a lateral hand projection, the second and third fingers are drawn ________ and the fourth and fifth fingers ________.
- A.
Anteriorly : posteriorly
- B.
Posteriorly : anteriorly
- C.
Posteriorly : posteriorly
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Anteriorly : posteriorlyExplanation
In a lateral hand projection, the second and third fingers are drawn anteriorly, meaning towards the front, while the fourth and fifth fingers are drawn posteriorly, meaning towards the back. This positioning is necessary to accurately represent the anatomical structure and alignment of the fingers in a lateral view.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The thumb should not superimpose the other digits in a lateral projection of the hand.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
A. TRUEExplanation
In a lateral projection of the hand, the thumb should not overlap or cover the other digits. This is because a lateral projection provides a side view of the hand, and in a normal hand position, the thumb should be positioned away from the other digits. If the thumb superimposes or overlaps with the other digits, it may indicate an abnormality or incorrect hand positioning in the image. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following should be demonstrated on a lateral hand radiograph? 1. superimposition of the third through fifth metacarpal2. IP joint spaces open3. no foreshortening of the phalanges
- A.
1 and 2 only
- B.
2 and 3 only
- C.
1 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2, and 3
Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 onlyExplanation
There is superimposition of the SECOND through fifth metacarpals.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which fat stripe should be visualized on a PA wrist?
- A.
Pronator
- B.
Supinator
- C.
Lateral
- D.
Scaphoid
Correct Answer
D. ScaphoidExplanation
The scaphoid bone is located in the wrist and is an important bone to visualize on a PA wrist X-ray. It is commonly injured and difficult to diagnose, so it is crucial to ensure that it is properly visualized on the X-ray. The other options listed (pronator, supinator, and lateral) are not relevant to visualizing the scaphoid bone on a PA wrist X-ray.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A change in the _____________ of the scaphoid fat stripe on a PA wrist indicates joint effusion or fracture.
- A.
Concavity
- B.
Convexity
- C.
Density
- D.
Length
Correct Answer
B. ConvexityExplanation
A change in the convexity of the scaphoid fat stripe on a PA wrist indicates joint effusion or fracture. This means that if the scaphoid fat stripe appears more convex or bulging than normal, it suggests the presence of fluid in the joint or a fracture. This change in convexity can be observed on a radiograph and is a useful indicator for diagnosing these conditions.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is possibly indicated by a change in the convexity of the scaphoid fat stripe on a PA wrist?1. fracture2. osteoma3. joint effusion
- A.
1 only
- B.
1 and 2 only
- C.
2 and 3 only
- D.
1 and 3 only
- E.
1, 2, and 3
Correct Answer
D. 1 and 3 onlyExplanation
A change in the convexity of the scaphoid fat stripe on a PA wrist can possibly indicate both a fracture and a joint effusion. This means that if there is a change in the normal shape of the scaphoid fat stripe, it could suggest the presence of a fracture in the wrist bone or an accumulation of fluid in the joint.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Why is the proximal forearm depressed slightly for a PA wrist?1. opens the radioscaphoid joint2. opens the radiolunate joint3. opens the radiopisiform joint
- A.
1 and 2
- B.
2 and 3
- C.
1 and 3
- D.
1, 2, and 3
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. 1 and 2Explanation
The proximal forearm is depressed slightly for a PA wrist to open the radioscaphoid joint and the radiolunate joint. This positioning allows for better visualization of these joints and helps to obtain a clear and accurate image of the wrist. By depressing the proximal forearm, the radioscaphoid joint and the radiolunate joint are opened up, allowing the X-ray to pass through and capture a clear image of these joint spaces. This positioning is important in diagnosing any abnormalities or injuries in the wrist joint.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Why is the proximal forearm raised slightly for a PA wrist?1. opens the radioscaphoid joint2. opens the radiolunate joint3. opens the radiopisiform joint
- A.
1 and 2
- B.
2 and 3
- C.
1 and 3
- D.
1, 2, and 3
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
The proximal forearm is slightly DEPRESSED, not raised.Rate this question:
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- 18.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
B. FALSEExplanation
The scaphoid will shift ANTERIORLY, not posteriorly.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The radioulnar joint is __________________ for a properly positioned PA wrist.
- A.
Opened
- B.
Closed
Correct Answer
A. OpenedExplanation
The radioulnar joint is opened for a properly positioned PA wrist. This means that the joint space between the radius and ulna bones is widened, allowing for greater mobility and rotation of the forearm. This is important for performing tasks such as turning the palm up or down.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which joints should be demonstrated opened on a PA wrist?
- A.
Radioulnar
- B.
Radioscaphoid
- C.
Radiolunate
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the joints mentioned (radioulnar, radioscaphoid, and radiolunate) should be demonstrated opened on a PA wrist. This means that the x-ray image should show these joints with a clear separation or space between the bones. By demonstrating these joints opened, it allows for a better visualization and assessment of any potential abnormalities or injuries in these specific areas of the wrist.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A routine PA oblique wrist exam requires ______________ degree _____________ rotation.
- A.
30 : external
- B.
45 : external
- C.
30 : internal
- D.
45 : internal
Correct Answer
B. 45 : externalExplanation
A routine PA oblique wrist exam requires a 45-degree external rotation. This means that the wrist should be rotated outward at a 45-degree angle from its normal position. This rotation allows for better visualization of certain structures in the wrist, such as the scaphoid bone, and helps to ensure a more accurate examination.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which should be demonstrated on a properly positioned routine PA oblique wrist?1. 1st CM joint space2. 2nd CM joint space3. ulnar styloid in profile
- A.
1 only
- B.
1 and 2 only
- C.
1, 2, and 3
- D.
2 and 3
- E.
1 and 3
Correct Answer
D. 2 and 3Explanation
A properly positioned routine PA oblique wrist should demonstrate the 2nd CM joint space, which is the joint space between the 2nd metacarpal and the trapezoid bone. It should also show the ulnar styloid in profile, which is the bony prominence on the ulnar side of the wrist. These two landmarks are important for evaluating the alignment and integrity of the wrist bones.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which should be demonstrated on a properly positioned routine PA oblique wrist?1. 2nd CM joint space2. radial styloid in profile3. scaphotrapezium joint spaces
- A.
1 only
- B.
1 and 2
- C.
2 and 3
- D.
1 and 3
- E.
1, 2, and 3
Correct Answer
D. 1 and 3Explanation
A properly positioned routine PA oblique wrist should demonstrate the 2nd CM joint space and the scaphotrapezium joint spaces. The 2nd CM joint space is important to evaluate for any signs of arthritis or joint space narrowing. The scaphotrapezium joint spaces are important to assess for any signs of degenerative changes or pathology in the wrist. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 and 3.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which view should demonstrate all of the following:1. ulnar styloid in profile2. 2nd CM joint space3. scaphotrapezium joint spaces
- A.
PA wrist
- B.
PA oblique wrist
- C.
Lateral wrist
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. PA oblique wristExplanation
The PA oblique wrist view should demonstrate all of the following: 1. ulnar styloid in profile, 2. 2nd CM joint space, and 3. scaphotrapezium joint spaces. This view provides a specific angle and positioning of the wrist that allows for visualization of these specific structures. The PA wrist view may not show the ulnar styloid in profile, and the lateral wrist view may not adequately demonstrate the 2nd CM joint space and scaphotrapezium joint spaces. Therefore, the PA oblique wrist view is the most appropriate for assessing these specific areas.Rate this question:
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- 25.
On a lateral wrist, which part of the scaphoid superimposes the pisiform?
- A.
Proximal
- B.
Distal
- C.
Both A and B are correct
- D.
Neither A or B is correct
Correct Answer
B. DistalExplanation
The correct answer is distal because the distal part of the scaphoid bone superimposes the pisiform bone on a lateral wrist.Rate this question:
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- 26.
A change in the convexity of the scaphoid fat stripe in a PA wrist indicates possible fracture or joint effusion.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
A. TRUEExplanation
A change in the convexity of the scaphoid fat stripe in a PA wrist can indicate a possible fracture or joint effusion. The scaphoid fat stripe is a radiolucent line seen on X-rays of the wrist, and its convexity refers to its shape. If there is a change in the convexity, such as a bulge or irregularity, it suggests an abnormality in the wrist, which could be a fracture or joint effusion. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 27.
For a lateral wrist exam, the radial side of the wrist should be placed against the IR so that the image is projected with the distal radius and ulna superimposed.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
B. FALSEExplanation
The ulnar side is placed against the IR.Rate this question:
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- 28.
For a lateral wrist exam, the ulnar side of the wrist should be placed against the IR so that the image is projected with the distal radius and ulna superimposed.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
A. TRUEExplanation
The ulnar side of the wrist should be placed against the IR during a lateral wrist exam to ensure that the image shows the distal radius and ulna superimposed. This positioning allows for a clear view of the bones and their relationship to each other, aiding in the diagnosis of any potential injuries or abnormalities.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Most fractures of the scaphoid occur on the _____________ of the scaphoid bone.
- A.
Head
- B.
Hip
- C.
Foot
- D.
Tubercle
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
They occur at the scaphoid waist.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which view would best demonstrate fractures of the pisiform and hamulus?
- A.
Settegast Projection
- B.
Grashey Projection
- C.
Hill-Sachs Method
- D.
Carpal Canal Projection
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. Carpal Canal ProjectionExplanation
The Carpal Canal Projection would best demonstrate fractures of the pisiform and hamulus. This projection is specifically designed to visualize the carpal tunnel and the structures within it, including the pisiform and hamulus. By angling the X-ray beam and positioning the hand in a specific way, this view provides a clear and detailed image of these specific structures, making it ideal for detecting fractures in these areas.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A carpal tunnel view of the wrist is also called a ________________.
- A.
Metacarpal canal
- B.
Carpal lateral
- C.
Carpal canal
- D.
Carpal duct
Correct Answer
C. Carpal canalExplanation
A carpal tunnel view of the wrist is also called a carpal canal because it is a radiographic projection that specifically visualizes the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist formed by the carpal bones and the transverse carpal ligament. This view is commonly used to evaluate for conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, where there is compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel.Rate this question:
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- 32.
A vertical hand and 25 degree proximal angle describes which exam?
- A.
Tangential MP
- B.
Carpal canal
- C.
Modified lateral wrist
- D.
PA wrist with ulnar deviation
Correct Answer
B. Carpal canalExplanation
The correct answer is carpal canal. A vertical hand and 25 degree proximal angle are specific positioning instructions commonly used for the carpal canal exam. This exam is performed to evaluate the carpal tunnel and surrounding structures for any abnormalities or signs of carpal tunnel syndrome. The positioning helps to obtain clear and accurate images of the wrist and carpal tunnel region.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The carpals will appear slightly _____________ in a carpal tunnel projection.
- A.
Elongated
- B.
Foreshortened
- C.
Both A and B
- D.
The carpals are not visible in this view.
Correct Answer
A. ElongatedExplanation
In a carpal tunnel projection, the carpals will appear slightly elongated. This is because the carpal tunnel projection is a specific X-ray view that is used to visualize the carpal tunnel and surrounding structures. By angling the X-ray beam, the carpals are stretched out and appear longer than they would in a standard X-ray view. This elongation helps to provide a clearer image of the carpal tunnel and any potential abnormalities or pathology within it.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The carpal canal exam can be used to demonstrate a fracture of the hamulus or pisiforn and to evaluate widening of the carpal tunnel.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
B. FALSEExplanation
It is used to evaluate NARROWING of the carpal tunnel. It is also used to demo fractures of the hamulus and pisiform.Rate this question:
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