1.
Which of the following eats only meat?
Correct Answer
B. Carnivore
Explanation
A carnivore is an animal that eats only meat. This means that it exclusively consumes the flesh of other animals as its primary source of nutrition. Carnivores have adapted physically and behaviorally to capture, kill, and consume prey, often possessing sharp teeth and claws for hunting. Unlike omnivores, which consume both plant and animal matter, and herbivores, which consume only plants, carnivores rely solely on meat for sustenance. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "carnivore."
2.
________ is a group of specific species of plants, animals and microbes that interactwith each other.
Correct Answer
B. Ecosystem
Explanation
An ecosystem is a group of specific species of plants, animals, and microbes that interact with each other. This term refers to the complex web of relationships and interactions between living organisms and their environment. It includes not only the biotic (living) components but also the abiotic (non-living) factors such as air, water, soil, and sunlight. Ecosystems can vary in size and can be found in various environments, such as forests, deserts, oceans, and grasslands. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature and the survival of different species.
3.
Which of the following is not a main category of organisms?
Correct Answer
C. Food web
Explanation
The given options are producers, consumers, food web, and decomposers. Producers are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organic matter. However, food web is not a main category of organisms. It is a representation of the complex network of feeding relationships between different organisms in an ecosystem.
4.
Which of the following is an inorganic substance?
Correct Answer
C. Rocks
Explanation
Rocks are considered an inorganic substance because they are composed of minerals and do not contain any living organisms. In contrast, plants, raccoons, and worms are all living organisms and therefore considered organic substances.
5.
A dark brown spongy residue from organic materials
Correct Answer
B. Humus
Explanation
Humus is the correct answer because it is a dark brown spongy residue that forms from the decomposition of organic materials. It is rich in nutrients and is an important component of fertile soil. Loam refers to a type of soil that has a balanced combination of sand, silt, and clay. Lipids are organic compounds that include fats and oils. Sludge cake is a term used for solid waste material that remains after sewage treatment. Therefore, humus is the most suitable option that matches the description given.
6.
Water covers what percentage of the earth?
Correct Answer
C. 75%
Explanation
Approximately 75% of the earth's surface is covered by water. This includes oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water. Water is essential for sustaining life on earth and plays a crucial role in various natural processes. The high percentage of water coverage also affects the climate and weather patterns on our planet.
7.
Which of the following is not an organic compound?
Correct Answer
A. Water
Explanation
Water is not an organic compound because it does not contain carbon. Organic compounds are composed of carbon atoms bonded to other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Water, on the other hand, consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, making it an inorganic compound.
8.
________ is what all living things are composed of.
Correct Answer
C. Carbon
Explanation
Carbon is what all living things are composed of because it is the primary building block of organic compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbon atoms have the unique ability to form stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and with other elements, allowing for the creation of complex molecular structures necessary for life. Additionally, carbon-based molecules can undergo diverse chemical reactions, providing the basis for the biochemical processes that sustain living organisms.
9.
Energy from all food begins where?
Correct Answer
B. At the sun
Explanation
The correct answer is "at the sun." This is because the sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms on Earth. Through the process of photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This energy is then passed on to animals when they consume plants or other animals. Therefore, the energy from all food ultimately originates from the sun.
10.
These types of organisms get their energy from consuming other organisms
Correct Answer
C. Consumer
Explanation
Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms. They cannot produce their own food through photosynthesis or other means, so they rely on consuming other organisms, either plants or other animals, to obtain the energy they need to survive. This makes them dependent on the energy stored in other organisms, which they obtain by eating them. Therefore, the given answer "consumer" accurately describes organisms that get their energy from consuming other organisms.
11.
_________ is calculated by the number of live births per 1000 population.
Correct Answer
A. Birth rate
Explanation
The birth rate is calculated by the number of live births per 1000 population. This rate provides an indication of the fertility level in a population and is often used to measure population growth or decline. A higher birth rate suggests a higher fertility rate and potential for population growth, while a lower birth rate indicates lower fertility and potential for population decline.
12.
Death rate is calculated by the number of deaths in a year per _______ population.
Correct Answer
D. 100000
Explanation
Death rate is calculated by the number of deaths in a year per 100,000 population. This means that for every 100,000 people in a given population, the number of deaths in a year is calculated. This allows for a standardized measure of mortality, taking into account the size of the population. By using a larger denominator, such as 100,000, the death rate becomes a more accurate representation of the mortality rate within a population.
13.
Which of the following are not principles of ecosystem sustainability?
Correct Answer
C. Consumer populations are unrestricted
Explanation
The principle of ecosystem sustainability involves maintaining a balance between different populations and ensuring that resources are not depleted. Consumer populations being unrestricted would disrupt this balance by overconsuming resources and causing negative impacts on other populations. Therefore, it is not a principle of ecosystem sustainability.
14.
Barren rocks would be the location of
Correct Answer
A. Primary succession
Explanation
Primary succession refers to the process of colonization and establishment of plant and animal life on barren, lifeless surfaces such as rocks or newly formed land. In this process, pioneer species, such as lichens and mosses, gradually break down the rocks and create soil, allowing other plant species to establish. Over time, more complex plant communities develop, attracting animals and leading to the formation of a stable ecosystem. Therefore, the answer "primary succession" is correct as barren rocks are the starting point for this ecological process.
15.
Which of the following eats both meat and plants?
Correct Answer
A. Omnivore
Explanation
An omnivore is a type of organism that has a diet consisting of both meat and plants. Unlike carnivores, which only eat meat, and herbivores, which only eat plants, omnivores have the ability to consume and digest both types of food. This makes them adaptable to a wider range of environments and food sources, as they can obtain nutrients from both animal and plant sources. Therefore, an omnivore is the correct answer to the question.
16.
When water is nutrient rich it is called
Correct Answer
D. Eutrophic
Explanation
When water is nutrient-rich, it is called eutrophic. This means that it has high levels of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which promote the growth of algae and other aquatic plants. As a result, the water may become green and cloudy, with reduced oxygen levels. This can lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem and negatively impact aquatic life.
17.
Which of the following carry sediment?
Correct Answer
B. Rivers
Explanation
Rivers carry sediment. Rivers are natural water bodies that flow from higher elevations to lower elevations, and during their journey, they pick up and transport various materials, including sediment. Sediments can include rocks, sand, silt, and clay particles that are eroded from the land and deposited into the river. This sediment transport plays a crucial role in shaping the river's morphology and creating landforms such as deltas and floodplains. Additionally, rivers carry sediment downstream, contributing to the formation and replenishment of beaches and deltas along coastlines.
18.
An abandoned farm field would be the location of
Correct Answer
B. Secondary succession
Explanation
Secondary succession occurs in an area that has been previously disturbed or disrupted, such as an abandoned farm field. In this process, the soil is still present, but the existing vegetation has been removed. Over time, new plant species colonize the area, followed by other organisms, leading to the reestablishment of a stable ecosystem. This is different from primary succession, which occurs in areas where there is no soil or organic material present, such as after a volcanic eruption or the retreat of a glacier. Tertiary succession is not a recognized ecological term, so it is not the correct answer.
19.
What is it called when a lake bottom is gradually built up over years?
Correct Answer
A. Aquatic succession
Explanation
Aquatic succession refers to the process of gradual change and development of a lake bottom over time. This occurs as new sediment, organic matter, and debris settle at the bottom of the lake, leading to the buildup of new land. This process is essential for the formation and evolution of wetlands and other aquatic ecosystems.
20.
Which of the following was NOT a problem within the first human cities?
Correct Answer
B. Telecommunication
Explanation
Within the first human cities, telecommunication was not a problem. In ancient times, communication was primarily done through direct interaction and physical presence, as there were no advanced technologies like telephones or internet. However, waste management, food scarcity, and sanitation were significant challenges in early cities. Waste disposal and sanitation systems were underdeveloped, leading to unsanitary living conditions and the spread of diseases. Additionally, ensuring a consistent and sufficient food supply was difficult due to limited agricultural practices and population growth.
21.
The gradual increase of the earth’s temperature is due to?
Correct Answer
B. Greenhouse effect
Explanation
The correct answer is greenhouse effect. The gradual increase in the earth's temperature is primarily caused by the greenhouse effect. This is a natural process where certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping back into space. However, human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases, leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming.
22.
Which of the following is NOT naturally occurring greenhouse gas?
Correct Answer
D. Hydrofluorocarbons
Explanation
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are synthetic greenhouse gases that are not naturally occurring. They are commonly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, as well as in aerosol propellants. HFCs have a high global warming potential and contribute to climate change. However, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are naturally occurring greenhouse gases that are released through natural processes such as volcanic activity, decomposition, and agricultural practices.
23.
Deforestation is most likely to be done
Correct Answer
A. In third world countries
Explanation
Deforestation is most likely to be done in third world countries due to various reasons. These countries often have high poverty rates and limited resources, leading to a greater dependence on natural resources for survival. Additionally, weak governance and inadequate environmental regulations contribute to uncontrolled logging and land conversion for agriculture or urbanization. In contrast, developed countries tend to have stricter environmental policies, better land management practices, and alternative sources of income, reducing the need for extensive deforestation. Therefore, the answer is in third world countries.
24.
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
Correct Answer
B. Solar power
Explanation
Solar power is considered a renewable resource because it is derived from the sun, which is an abundant and inexhaustible source of energy. Unlike coal power and oil, which are non-renewable fossil fuels that take millions of years to form and will eventually run out, solar power can be harnessed using photovoltaic cells or solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. This process does not deplete or harm the sun, making solar power a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source. Electric power, on the other hand, can be generated from various sources, including both renewable and non-renewable resources.
25.
The Green Revolution did what?
Correct Answer
B. Increased the yield on wheat crops
Explanation
The Green Revolution refers to a period of significant agricultural advancements and innovations that took place in the mid-20th century. It aimed to increase agricultural productivity and food production worldwide. One of the major achievements of the Green Revolution was the development and implementation of high-yield varieties of wheat and other crops. These new varieties were more resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental conditions, resulting in a substantial increase in crop yields. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Green Revolution increased the yield on wheat crops.
26.
Which of the following are pests?
Correct Answer
D. Any animal destroying crops or livestock
Explanation
The correct answer is any animal destroying crops or livestock. This includes mice, bears, and wolves, as they can all cause damage to crops or livestock. Pests are typically defined as organisms that cause harm or nuisance to humans, plants, or animals, and in this case, any animal that destroys crops or livestock fits that definition.
27.
Temperature increases with altitude in the
Correct Answer
B. Stratosphere
Explanation
The correct answer is stratosphere because this layer of the Earth's atmosphere is located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. In the stratosphere, temperature increases with altitude due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer. This absorption causes a temperature inversion, where the upper part of the stratosphere is warmer than the lower part.
28.
When water becomes murky or dark it is
Correct Answer
B. Turbid
Explanation
Turbid refers to the condition when water becomes murky or dark due to the presence of suspended particles such as sediment, algae, or other organic matter. This can occur due to various reasons such as excessive nutrients, sediment runoff, or algal blooms. The term eutrophication refers to the process of excessive nutrient enrichment in a body of water, leading to increased algal growth and subsequent water quality degradation. Sedimentized is not a recognized term in this context, and a sinkhole refers to a geological formation where the ground collapses, creating a hole. Therefore, the correct answer is turbid, as it accurately describes the condition of murky or dark water.
29.
Which of the following is NOT a nonrenewable resource?
Correct Answer
C. Water
Explanation
Water is not a nonrenewable resource because it is constantly being replenished through the water cycle. It evaporates from bodies of water, condenses into clouds, and then falls back to the earth as precipitation. This process ensures a continuous supply of water, making it a renewable resource. On the other hand, coal, oil, and metal are nonrenewable resources because they are finite and take millions of years to form. Once they are depleted, they cannot be replenished within a human lifetime.
30.
Chemicals that kill plants are called
Correct Answer
B. Herbicides
Explanation
Herbicides are chemicals specifically designed to kill or control unwanted plants. They are used to prevent the growth of weeds and other unwanted vegetation in agricultural fields, gardens, and landscapes. Pesticides, on the other hand, are a broader category of chemicals that include herbicides as well as insecticides, fungicides, and other substances used to control pests. Crop dusting refers to the method of applying pesticides or fertilizers using airplanes or helicopters. DDT is a specific type of pesticide that was widely used in the past but is now banned in many countries due to its harmful effects on the environment and human health.
31.
When lakes convert into forest it is called
Correct Answer
D. Aquatic succession
Explanation
Aquatic succession refers to the process of lakes converting into forests. This occurs when a lake gradually fills with sediment and organic matter, creating a suitable environment for plants to grow. Over time, these plants colonize the lake and transform it into a forest ecosystem. This process is known as aquatic succession, where a water-based habitat transitions into a terrestrial habitat.
32.
Chemicals that kill insects are called
Correct Answer
A. Pesticides
Explanation
Pesticides are chemicals specifically designed to kill insects. They are used to control or eliminate pests that can damage crops, spread diseases, or cause harm to humans and animals. Pesticides can be applied to plants, soil, or other surfaces to prevent or reduce insect infestations. They are an important tool in agriculture and public health to protect crops, control disease vectors, and ensure food safety. Herbicides, on the other hand, are chemicals used to kill or control unwanted plants, while crop dusting refers to the method of applying pesticides or fertilizers using airplanes or helicopters. Organicides is not a commonly used term and may refer to organic-based pesticides, but it is not as widely recognized as the term "pesticides".
33.
This was used to control malaria in WWII
Correct Answer
D. DDT
Explanation
DDT was widely used during World War II to control malaria. It was effective in killing the mosquitoes that spread the disease and played a significant role in reducing malaria cases among soldiers and civilians. DDT is a type of pesticide that was highly effective against insects, including mosquitoes. Its use during the war was considered a major breakthrough in malaria control. However, DDT's harmful effects on the environment and human health led to its ban in many countries in the following decades.
34.
Land subsidence is related to
Correct Answer
A. Sink hole
Explanation
Land subsidence is related to sinkholes because sinkholes are a type of land subsidence. Sinkholes occur when the ground collapses due to the dissolution of underground limestone or the collapse of underground caves. This can cause the land surface to sink and create a depression or hole. Therefore, sinkholes are directly connected to land subsidence as they are a result of the ground sinking or settling.
35.
Which of the following is not a part of the three R?
Correct Answer
B. Repair
Explanation
Repair is not a part of the three R's because the three R's stand for reduce, reuse, and recycle. Repairing an item does not fall under any of these categories as it involves fixing or restoring the item to its original state, rather than reducing waste, reusing the item, or recycling its materials.
36.
The part of precipitation that does not soak into the ground
Correct Answer
C. Runoff
Explanation
Runoff refers to the part of precipitation that does not soak into the ground. When it rains or snows, the water that falls on the surface of the earth can either infiltrate into the soil or flow over the land. Runoff occurs when the ground is saturated, impermeable, or when the rate of precipitation exceeds the rate of infiltration. It typically flows into streams, rivers, and eventually into larger bodies of water such as lakes or oceans. Runoff plays a crucial role in the water cycle and can have significant impacts on the environment, including erosion, flooding, and the transport of pollutants.
37.
Materials in the soil dissolving and seeping to the groundwater
Correct Answer
B. Leaching
Explanation
Leaching refers to the process in which materials in the soil dissolve and seep into the groundwater. This occurs when water carries the dissolved substances downward through the soil layers. Leaching is an important natural process that can have both positive and negative effects. It helps in the transport of nutrients to plant roots, but it can also lead to the contamination of groundwater with pollutants. Therefore, leaching plays a significant role in the movement of substances within the soil-water system.
38.
A solid which consists of a mixture of 40% sand, 40% silt and 20% clay.
Correct Answer
A. Loam
Explanation
Loam is the correct answer because it is a type of soil that contains a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay. The given description of the solid matches the composition of loam, with 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay. Loam is known for its fertility and ability to retain moisture, making it ideal for plant growth.
39.
The area of the atmosphere where temperatures are reversed
Correct Answer
A. Tropopause
Explanation
The tropopause is the correct answer because it is the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere where temperatures stop decreasing with altitude and start increasing instead. This reversal in temperature is what characterizes the tropopause, making it the area of the atmosphere where temperatures are reversed. The stratosphere is above the tropopause and has increasing temperatures with altitude, while the troposphere is below the tropopause and has decreasing temperatures with altitude. The ozone shield is not related to the reversal of temperatures in the atmosphere.
40.
Which of the following are not producers?
Correct Answer
B. Mushrooms
Explanation
Mushrooms are not producers because they do not undergo photosynthesis to produce their own food. Producers, such as grass, pine trees, and dandelions, are able to convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. Mushrooms, on the other hand, are decomposers or consumers, as they obtain nutrients by breaking down organic matter. Therefore, mushrooms do not fit the category of producers.
41.
The practice of rotating what plants are grown on what soil is called
Correct Answer
D. Crop rotation
Explanation
Crop rotation is the practice of systematically changing the type of crops grown in a particular area of land over a period of time. This is done to maintain soil fertility, prevent the buildup of pests and diseases, and optimize crop yields. By rotating crops, different nutrient requirements are met, pests and diseases specific to certain crops are disrupted, and the overall health of the soil is improved. This sustainable farming practice has been used for centuries and is essential for maintaining the long-term productivity of agricultural land.
42.
When water is nutrient poor it is called
Correct Answer
A. Oligotrophic
Explanation
When water is nutrient poor, it is called oligotrophic. This term refers to an environment that has low levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which are essential for plant and algae growth. In oligotrophic water, there is limited plant and algae growth, resulting in clear and transparent water. This is in contrast to eutrophic water, which has high nutrient levels and promotes excessive plant and algae growth, leading to murky and turbid water. Therefore, the correct answer is oligotrophic.
43.
Diseases causing bacteria or other viruses are called
Correct Answer
B. Pathogens
Explanation
Pathogens are microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses that can cause diseases in humans, animals, or plants. They are capable of infecting their host and causing harm by invading and damaging tissues, producing toxins, or triggering an immune response. Pathogens can be transmitted through various means such as direct contact, airborne droplets, contaminated food or water, or insect vectors. Understanding and studying pathogens is crucial for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases.
44.
The lowest layer of the atmosphere
Correct Answer
C. Troposphere
Explanation
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is called the troposphere. It is the layer closest to the Earth's surface and extends up to about 10-15 kilometers. This layer is where weather occurs, and it contains the majority of the Earth's atmospheric mass. The troposphere is characterized by decreasing temperature with increasing altitude, and it is where we live and breathe.
45.
The creation of spread of desert
Correct Answer
C. Desertification
Explanation
Desertification refers to the process of land becoming desert-like, typically due to human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, or improper agricultural practices. It involves the degradation of soil and vegetation, leading to the expansion of arid and barren areas. Desertification can have severe environmental and socio-economic consequences, including loss of biodiversity, reduced agricultural productivity, and displacement of local communities. Therefore, desertification is the most suitable answer in relation to the creation and spread of deserts.