Microorganism Qiuz 1
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Microorganisms – or microbes – are microscopic organisms that can exist in their single-celled form, or in a colony of cells. They are organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye, but with a microscope, hence the name.
- 1.Disease-causing microorganisms are called
- A.
Decomposers
- B.
Procaryotes
- C.
Pathogens
- D.
Eucaryotes
- E.
Fermenters
- 2.The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called
- A.
Decomposers
- B.
Prokaryotes
- C.
Pathogens
- D.
Eukaryotes
- E.
Fermenters
- 3.The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called
- A.
Decomposers
- B.
Prokaryotes
- C.
Pathogens
- D.
Eukaryotes
- E.
Fermenters
- 4.All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that
- A.
Cause human disease
- B.
Lack a cell nucleus
- C.
Are infectious particles
- D.
Are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
- E.
Can only be found growing in laboratories
- 5.Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major group of microorganism?
- A.
Cause human disease
- B.
Lack a nucleus
- C.
Cannot be seen without a microscope
- D.
Contain genetic material
- E.
Lack cell structure
- 6.Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that
- A.
Microbes are found on dust particles
- B.
A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
- C.
Life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
- D.
A specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
- E.
Microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
- 7.Which of the following is a proper scientific name?
- A.
Streptoccoci pyogenes
- B.
Bacillus subtilis
- C.
B. subtilis
- D.
Bacillus subtilis
- E.
Streptocci
- 8.The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called
- A.
Biotechnology
- B.
Genetics
- C.
Recombinant DNA
- D.
Phylogeny
- E.
Taxonomy
- 9.The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was
- A.
Joseph Lister
- B.
Ignaz Semmelweis
- C.
Robert Koch
- D.
Louis Pasteur
- E.
Antonis van leewenhoek
- 10.The term sterile means free of all life forms
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy(left to right)
- A.
Family, order, class
- B.
Family, genus, species
- C.
Genus, species, family
- D.
Class, phylum, order
- E.
Kingdom, domain, phylum
- 12.A friend has told you that he thinks that the world would be a safer place if all bacteria could be destroyed. Which of the following would be true if his suggestion were carries out?
- A.
There would be no infectious diseases in humans
- B.
Pets would be free of disease
- C.
Certain foods such as beer, cheese, or yogurt could not be made easily
- D.
There would be no ability to make medicines
- 13.Anything that occupies space and has mass is called
- A.
An electron
- B.
Living
- C.
Matter
- D.
Energy
- E.
Space
- 14.The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the
- A.
Electrons
- B.
Protons
- C.
Neutrons
- D.
Protons and neutrons
- E.
Protons and electrons
- 15.Cations are
- A.
Charged subatomic particles
- B.
Atoms that have gained electrons
- C.
Radioactive isotopes
- D.
Capable of forming ionic bonds with anions
- E.
Atoms without protons
- 16.The prominent building blocks of an enzyme are
- A.
Nucleotides
- B.
Glycerol and fatty acids
- C.
Monosaccharides
- D.
Phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids
- E.
Amino acids
- 17.The polynucleotides strands of DNA are linked along their length by___________ bonds between the bases
- A.
Covalent
- B.
Ionic
- C.
Van der Waals
- D.
Double
- E.
Hydrogen
- 18.The type of chemical bond linking amino acids together is a(n)
- A.
Glycosidic bond
- B.
Peptide bond
- C.
Ester bond
- D.
Ionic bond
- E.
Hydrogen bond
- 19.Which of the following is the stored form of carbohydrates in animals?
- A.
Glycogen
- B.
Maltose
- C.
Starch
- D.
Cellulose
- E.
Galactose
- 20.The o< helix and B-pleated sheet are examples of
- A.
Primary structure
- B.
Secondary structure
- C.
Tertiary structure
- D.
Quaternary structure
- E.
Gamma structures
- 21.The five I's of studying microorganisms include all of the following except
- A.
Inoculation
- B.
Incubation
- C.
Infection
- D.
Isolation
- E.
Identification
- 22.The term that refers to the purposeful assition of micoorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is
- A.
Isolation
- B.
Inoculation
- C.
Immunization
- D.
Infection
- E.
Contamination
- 23.Which of the following is essential for development of discrete, isolated colonies?
- A.
Broth medium
- B.
Differential medium
- C.
Selective medium
- D.
Solid medium
- E.
Assay medium
- 24.A pure culture contains only
- A.
One species of microorganism
- B.
Bacteria
- C.
A variety of microbes from one source
- D.
A variety of species from the same genus
- E.
None of the choices are correct
- 25.A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in the culture. what is the most likely explanation?
- A.
The microbiologist used too much inoculum
- B.
The culture is contaminated
- C.
The incubation temperature was incorrect
- D.
The culture medium must be selective
- E.
The culture medium must be differential
- 26.The microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
- A.
The microbiologist used too much inoculum
- B.
The culture is contaminated
- C.
The incubation temperature was incorrect
- D.
The culture medium must be selective
- E.
The culture medium must be differential
- 27.A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified and their precise concentrations known and reproducible would be termed
- A.
Complex
- B.
Reducing
- C.
Enriched
- D.
Enumeration
- E.
Synthetic
- 28.The type of mictoscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is
- A.
Bright field
- B.
Dark field
- C.
Phase contrast
- D.
Fluorescence
- E.
Electron
- 29.This microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image
- A.
Bright field
- B.
Dark field
- C.
Phase contrast
- D.
Fluorescence
- E.
Electron
- 30.This microscope is the most widely used and shows cells against a bright background
- A.
Bright field
- B.
Dark field
- C.
Phase contrast
- D.
Fluorescence
- E.
Electron
- 31.The Gram stain, acid fast stain and endospore stain have the following in common
- A.
Used on a wet mount of the specimen
- B.
Use heat to force the dye into cell structures
- C.
Outcome based on cell wall differences
- D.
Use a negative stain technique
- E.
Are differential stains
- 32.Media that contains extracts from plants, animals, or yeasts are
- A.
Synthetic
- B.
Complex
- C.
Reducing
- D.
Enriched
- E.
All of the choices are correct
- 33.Brain-heart infusion, trypticase soy agar (TSA) and nutrient agar are all examples of which type of media?
- A.
Synthetic
- B.
Reducing
- C.
Enriched
- D.
Nonsynthetic
- E.
Selective
- 34.Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex organic subatances are called
- A.
Fastidious
- B.
Pathogenic
- C.
Harmless
- D.
Anaerobic
- E.
Aerobic
- 35.Which type of media can be used to determine if a bacteria is motile?
- A.
Sim
- B.
MacConkey
- C.
Enriched media
- D.
Thayer-Martin media
- E.
Chocolate agar
- 36.All of the following are correct about agar except
- A.
It is flexible
- B.
It melts at the bioling point of water (100C)
- C.
It is a source of nutrition for bacteria
- D.
It solidifies below 42C
- E.
It is a solid at room temperature
- 37.Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called
- A.
Flagella
- B.
Cilia
- C.
Fimbriae
- D.
Periplasmic flagella (axil filaments)
- E.
Sex pili
- 38.All bacterial cells have
- A.
A chromosome
- B.
Fimbriae
- C.
Endospores
- D.
Capsules
- E.
Flagella
- 39.The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell suface is
- A.
Amphitrichous
- B.
Atrichous
- C.
Lophotrichous
- D.
Monotrichous
- E.
Peritrichous
- 40.The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Inclusions
- C.
Cell wall
- D.
Cell membrane
- E.
Flagella
- 41.A bacterial cell exhibiting chemataxis probably has
- A.
Fimbriae
- B.
Capsule
- C.
Mesosomes
- D.
Flagella
- E.
Metachromatic granules
- 42.Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?
- A.
Slime layer
- B.
Fimbriae
- C.
Cell membrane
- D.
Capsule
- E.
All of the choices are correct
- 43.A procaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is
- A.
Gram neg
- B.
Gram positive
- C.
Archaea
- D.
Spheroplast
- E.
Acid fast
- 44.A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is
- A.
Myocbacterium
- B.
Mycoplasma
- C.
Streptococcus
- D.
Corynebacterium
- E.
Salmonella
- 45.Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of
- A.
Gram negative bacteria
- B.
Gram positive bacteria
- C.
Acid fast bacteria
- D.
Mycoplasmas
- E.
Protoplasts
- 46.The bacterial chromosome
- A.
Is located in the cell membrane
- B.
Contains all the cell's plasmids
- C.
Is part of the nucleoid
- D.
Forms a single linear strand of DNA
- E.
All of the choices are correct
- 47.Which is mismatched?
- A.
Ribosomes-- protein synthesis
- B.
Inclusions-- excess cell nutrients and materials
- C.
Plasmids -- genes essential for growth and metabolism
- D.
Nucleoid-- hereditary material
- E.
Cytoplasm-- dense, gelatinous solution
- 48.The function of bacterial endospores is
- A.
To convert gaseous nitrogen to a usable form for plants
- B.
For reproduction and growth
- C.
For protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
- D.
The storage of excess cell materials
- E.
To have sites for photosynthesis
- 49.Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
- A.
Coccus
- B.
Tetrad
- C.
Vibrio
- D.
Rod
- E.
Spirochete
- 50.Which statement is not a characteristic of biofilms?
- A.
They can be involved with human disease
- B.
They involve bacteria only
- C.
They evolve and adapt to their surroundings
- D.
They are very difficult to eliminate with antimicrobials
- 51.What is the correct sequence for a Gram stain?
- A.
Gram's iodine, crystal violet, alcohol, safranin
- B.
Crystal violet, safranin, alcohol, Gram's iodine
- C.
Crystal violet, Gram's iodine, alcohol, safranin
- D.
Safranin, crystal violet, Gram's iodine, alcohol
- E.
Alcohol crystal violet safranin Gram's iodine
- 52.All if the following are correct about biofilms except
- A.
They are cooperative associations among several microbial groups
- B.
They play an important role in recycling elements in the earth
- C.
They can colonize medical devices
- D.
An example could be the scumthat builds up in toilet bowls
- E.
They are harmless aggregations of mictobes
- 53.Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be
- A.
Lophotrichous
- B.
Peritrichous
- C.
Monotrichous
- D.
Amphitrichous
- E.
Spirilla
- 54.Which cell structure is an inportant agent in moderm genetic engineering techniques?
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Capsules
- C.
Plasmids
- D.
Inclusions
- E.
Mesosomes
- 55.A microorganism has been described to you as living in hot acidic habitats in the waste piles of coal mines that regularly sustain a pH of 1 to a temperature of nearly 60c. Which type of organism do you immediately assume it is?
- A.
Gracillucates
- B.
Firmicutes
- C.
Actinobacteria
- D.
Archaea
- E.
Spirochaetes
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