Biological
Behavioral
Cognitive
Sociocultural
Experimental
Descriptive
Survey
Correlational
Random sampling is often used in survey research.
Random sampling provides a representative sample of the population being studied.
In random sampling, each individual in the population has the same chance of being in the random sample.
In random sampling, individuals from the population are chosen to be in the sample based on personal characteristics.
Correlational study
Case study
Controlled experiment
Naturalistic observation
Strong inverse relationship.
Strong direct relationship.
Weak inverse relationship.
Weak direct relationship.
1
0
+.5
-.5
Independent variable.
Dependent variable.
Placebo variable.
Operational variable.
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard deviation
1
2
3
4
Mean
Median
Neither of the above
Both of the above
Cell body; axon
Dendrite; glial cells
Axon; cell body
Dendrite; axon
They are destroyed by enzymes.
They are taken back into the axon terminals of the sending neuron for reuse.
Either of these may occur.
Neither of these occurs.
Endorphins
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
Brain and spinal cord.
Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.
Every nerve in the body.
The pituitary gland.
Tear glands.
The pancreas.
The thyroid gland.
Amygdala
Medulla
Thalamus
Cerebellum
The limbic system plays an important role in survival, memory, and emotion.
The limbic system is comprised of the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala.
The limbic system is where higher-level cognitive processes occur.
The limbic system surrounds the top of the brain stem.
Brain stem
Cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
Limbic System
Motor cortex; frontal lobe
Somatosensory cortex; parietal lobe
Motor cortex; temporal lobe
Somatosensory cortex, occipital lobe
Understanding speech.
Singing.
Reading silently.
Speaking fluently.
Have a dominant left hemisphere.
Can orally identify information presented in their left visual field.
Have a severed corpus callosum.
Only use the right hemisphere.
Left eye.
Left half of each eye.
Right visual field.
Left visual field.
The minimum amount of energy in a sensory stimulus detected 50 percent of the time.
The absolute minimum amount of energy needed for a sensory stimulus to be detected.
The absolute maximum amount of energy needed for a sensory stimulus to be subliminally detected.
the maximum amount of energy in a sensory stimulus detected 100 percent of the time
Decision-making.
Sensor processing.
Neither of these
Both of these
3.3 decibels
30 decibels
3 decibels
300 decibels
Judgment of intensity of electric shock
Judgment of loudness of a sound
Judgment of length of a line
Judgment of brightness of a light
Wavelength
Amplitude
Frequency
Transduction rate
Cornea -> pupil -> retina -> optic nerve -> thalamus -> brain
Retina -> pupil -> cornea -> optic nerve -> brain -> thalamus
Retina -> cornea -> pupil -> optic nerve -> thalamus -> brain
Cornea -> pupil -> optic nerve -> retina -> brain -> thalamus
Fovea; periphery of the retina
Periphery of the retina; fovea and periphery of the retina
Periphery of the retina; fovea
Fovea; fovea
Red, blue, and yellow.
Yellow, green, and blue.
Green, red, and yellow.
Blue, green, and red.
Nerve deafness.
Congenital deafness.
Conduction deafness.
Tone deafness.
Contextual processing.
Top-down processing.
Equalized processing.
Bottom-up processing.
Perceptual ambiguity.
Figure-and-ground principle.
Perceptual constancy.
Subjective contours.
Interposition
Subjective contours
Retinal disparity
Linear perspective
Neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
Neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
Stimulus generalization
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus discrimination
Acquisition
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Spontaneous recovery
Reinforcement
Modeling
Punishment
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Variable; fixed
Fixed; ratio
Interval; variable
Fixed; variable
Shaping
Classical conditioning
Instinctual drift
Observational learning
Latent learning
Observational learning
Reflexive learning
Conditioning
Reinforced
Punished
Neither reinforced nor punished
All of these
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