Psych
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- 1.A study examining how other people affect one's behavior is most likely guided by which major research perspective?
- A.
Biological
- B.
Behavioral
- C.
Cognitive
- D.
Sociocultural
- 2.A case study is an example of _________________ research.
- A.
Experimental
- B.
Descriptive
- C.
Survey
- D.
Correlational
- 3.Which of the following statements is not true about random sampling?
- A.
Random sampling is often used in survey research.
- B.
Random sampling provides a representative sample of the population being studied.
- C.
In random sampling, each individual in the population has the same chance of being in the random sample.
- D.
In random sampling, individuals from the population are chosen to be in the sample based on personal characteristics.
- 4.If you want to predict the relationship between age and IQ, which research method would be best?
- A.
Correlational study
- B.
Case study
- C.
Controlled experiment
- D.
Naturalistic observation
- 5.The correlation between grades in school and amount of time studying is +.92. These variables have a:
- A.
Strong inverse relationship.
- B.
Strong direct relationship.
- C.
Weak inverse relationship.
- D.
Weak direct relationship.
- 6.When two variables are unrelated, their correlation will be:
- A.
1
- B.
0
- C.
+.5
- D.
-.5
- 7.In an experiment to understand the effects of exercise on heart rate, a researcher varies the speed of a treadmill and then measures the heart rate of the participant. The heart rate of the participant is the:
- A.
Independent variable.
- B.
Dependent variable.
- C.
Placebo variable.
- D.
Operational variable.
- 8.Which statistic describes the most frequently occurring score in a set of scores?
- A.
Mean
- B.
Median
- C.
Mode
- D.
Standard deviation
- 9.In the normal distribution, over 99 percent of scores fall within how many standard deviations of the mean?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- 10.What is(are) the appropriate measure of the central tendency of scores in a skewed distribution?
- A.
Mean
- B.
Median
- C.
Neither of the above
- D.
Both of the above
- 11.A neuron receives information through the _____________ and passes information along through the _______________.
- A.
Cell body; axon
- B.
Dendrite; glial cells
- C.
Axon; cell body
- D.
Dendrite; axon
- 12.What happens to neurotransmitters after they deliver their message to the receiving neuron?
- A.
They are destroyed by enzymes.
- B.
They are taken back into the axon terminals of the sending neuron for reuse.
- C.
Either of these may occur.
- D.
Neither of these occurs.
- 13.Which neurotransmitter(s) are the nervous system's natural painkillers?
- A.
Endorphins
- B.
Norepinephrine
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Acetylcholine
- 14.The central nervous system is comprised of the:
- A.
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
- B.
Brain and spinal cord.
- C.
Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.
- D.
Every nerve in the body.
- 15.All of the following are endocrine glands except:
- A.
The pituitary gland.
- B.
Tear glands.
- C.
The pancreas.
- D.
The thyroid gland.
- 16.The ____________, a brain stem structure, is involved in regulating body functions needed for survival, such as breathing and heartbeat.
- A.
Amygdala
- B.
Medulla
- C.
Thalamus
- D.
Cerebellum
- 17.Which of the following statements about the limbic system is false?
- A.
The limbic system plays an important role in survival, memory, and emotion.
- B.
The limbic system is comprised of the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala.
- C.
The limbic system is where higher-level cognitive processes occur.
- D.
The limbic system surrounds the top of the brain stem.
- 18.Which is the largest part of the brain?
- A.
Brain stem
- B.
Cerebral cortex
- C.
Cerebellum
- D.
Limbic System
- 19.The _____________ in the __________ allows us to move different parts of our body.
- A.
Motor cortex; frontal lobe
- B.
Somatosensory cortex; parietal lobe
- C.
Motor cortex; temporal lobe
- D.
Somatosensory cortex, occipital lobe
- 20.People with damage to Broca's area have problems:
- A.
Understanding speech.
- B.
Singing.
- C.
Reading silently.
- D.
Speaking fluently.
- 21.Split-brain patients:
- A.
Have a dominant left hemisphere.
- B.
Can orally identify information presented in their left visual field.
- C.
Have a severed corpus callosum.
- D.
Only use the right hemisphere.
- 22.The right hemisphere processes information from the:
- A.
Left eye.
- B.
Left half of each eye.
- C.
Right visual field.
- D.
Left visual field.
- 23.The absolute threshold is best described as:
- A.
The minimum amount of energy in a sensory stimulus detected 50 percent of the time.
- B.
The absolute minimum amount of energy needed for a sensory stimulus to be detected.
- C.
The absolute maximum amount of energy needed for a sensory stimulus to be subliminally detected.
- D.
the maximum amount of energy in a sensory stimulus detected 100 percent of the time
- 24.Signal detection theory is based on:
- A.
Decision-making.
- B.
Sensor processing.
- C.
Neither of these
- D.
Both of these
- 25.According to Weber's law, the constant fraction for loudness of tones is 1/10. If the difference threshold is 3 decibels, what standard stimulus is being used?
- A.
3.3 decibels
- B.
30 decibels
- C.
3 decibels
- D.
300 decibels
- 26.According to Stevens's power law, which type of sensory judgment produces perceived magnitudes closest to the actual physical magnitudes?
- A.
Judgment of intensity of electric shock
- B.
Judgment of loudness of a sound
- C.
Judgment of length of a line
- D.
Judgment of brightness of a light
- 27.The number of times a waveform cycles in one second is a wave's:
- A.
Wavelength
- B.
Amplitude
- C.
Frequency
- D.
Transduction rate
- 28.Which of the following is the correct path that light takes through the eye?
- A.
Cornea -> pupil -> retina -> optic nerve -> thalamus -> brain
- B.
Retina -> pupil -> cornea -> optic nerve -> brain -> thalamus
- C.
Retina -> cornea -> pupil -> optic nerve -> thalamus -> brain
- D.
Cornea -> pupil -> optic nerve -> retina -> brain -> thalamus
- 29.In the eye, rods are located in the _______ and cones are located in the _______.
- A.
Fovea; periphery of the retina
- B.
Periphery of the retina; fovea and periphery of the retina
- C.
Periphery of the retina; fovea
- D.
Fovea; fovea
- 30.The trichromatic theory of color vision assumes the colors we see are additive mixtures of:
- A.
Red, blue, and yellow.
- B.
Yellow, green, and blue.
- C.
Green, red, and yellow.
- D.
Blue, green, and red.
- 31.Aging and exposure to loud noises can damage hair cells in the ear and result in:
- A.
Nerve deafness.
- B.
Congenital deafness.
- C.
Conduction deafness.
- D.
Tone deafness.
- 32.The brain's use of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations to interpret sensory information is known as:
- A.
Contextual processing.
- B.
Top-down processing.
- C.
Equalized processing.
- D.
Bottom-up processing.
- 33.Although the image of a tree that is 3 feet away is larger on the retina than the image of the same tree when it is 30 feet away, we know that the tree is staying the same size due to:
- A.
Perceptual ambiguity.
- B.
Figure-and-ground principle.
- C.
Perceptual constancy.
- D.
Subjective contours.
- 34.All of the following are depth perceptions cues except:
- A.
Interposition
- B.
Subjective contours
- C.
Retinal disparity
- D.
Linear perspective
- 35.During classical conditioning training trials, the ___________ is presented just before the ___________, which elicits the unconditioned response (UCR).
- A.
Neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus
- B.
Unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
- C.
Neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
- D.
Conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
- 36.Little Albert was classically conditioned to show fear avoidance in response to a white rat. However, Little Albert also showed fear avoidance when presented with white rabbits. This best illustrates the principle of:
- A.
Stimulus generalization
- B.
Spontaneous recovery
- C.
Stimulus discrimination
- D.
Acquisition
- 37.Acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery describe patterns of responses seen in:
- A.
Classical conditioning
- B.
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
- C.
Operant conditioning
- D.
Observational learning
- 38.To decrease the probability of an undesirable behavior occurring, operant conditioning would suggest using
- A.
Spontaneous recovery
- B.
Reinforcement
- C.
Modeling
- D.
Punishment
- 39.According to operant conditioning, a child receiving a spanking for disobeying his parents is an example of:
- A.
Positive reinforcement
- B.
Negative reinforcement
- C.
Positive punishment
- D.
Negative punishment
- 40.A child is given a sticker after every 3 times she cleans her room. This is an example of reinforcement on a:
- A.
Fixed-interval schedule
- B.
Variable-interval schedule
- C.
Fixed-ratio schedule
- D.
Variable-ratio schedule
- 41.Using partial reinforcement, __________ schedules are much more resistant to extinction than _________ schedules.
- A.
Variable; fixed
- B.
Fixed; ratio
- C.
Interval; variable
- D.
Fixed; variable
- 42.Animals tend to learn associations consistent with their natural behavior more easily than those that are not consistent with their natural behavior. This is due to:
- A.
Shaping
- B.
Classical conditioning
- C.
Instinctual drift
- D.
Observational learning
- 43.Learning that occurs but is not demonstrated until there is incentive to do so is termed:
- A.
Latent learning
- B.
Observational learning
- C.
Reflexive learning
- D.
Conditioning
- 44.Children in Bandura's Bobo doll experiment imitated the behavior of an adult they observed when the adult's behavior was:
- A.
Reinforced
- B.
Punished
- C.
Neither reinforced nor punished
- D.
All of these
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