Molecular Methods In Microbiology
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- 1.Formation of hydrogen bonds between single stranded (ss)DNA and/or RNA that are complementary to each other
- A.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- B.
Nucleic Acid Amplification
- C.
Nucleic Acid Sequencing
- D.
Microarrays/nanoarrays
- E.
MALDI-TOF MS
- 2.Target nucleic acid is transferred to a solid medium, probe is added to detect the target
- A.
Solid support hybridization
- B.
In Situ Hybridization
- C.
In-Solution Hybridization
- D.
None of the above
- 3.Target DNA or RNA is detected by probes directly in the cell or tissue
- A.
Solid support hybridization
- B.
In Situ Hybridization
- C.
In-Solution Hybridization
- D.
None of the above
- 4.What applies to In-Solution Hybridization?
- A.
Most commonly method used in laboratories
- B.
Targets are detected by probes in a liquid solution
- C.
Chemiluminescence based
- D.
Target DNA or RNA is detected by probes directly in the cell or tissue
- E.
Target nucleic acid is transferred to a solid medium, probe is added to detect the target
- 5.Simulates the in vivo DNA synthesis
- A.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- B.
Nucleic Acid Amplification
- C.
Nucleic Acid Sequencing
- D.
Microarrays / nanoarrays
- E.
MALDI-TOF MS
- 6.Which of the choices applies to Agarose Gel Electrophoresis?
- A.
PCR amplicons are loaded in a vertical agarose gel
- B.
PCR amplicons are loaded in a horizontal agarose gel
- C.
An electric current is passed through the gel
- D.
Positively charged DNA will migrate from the cathode (-) to the anode (+), separated by size
- E.
Negatively charged DNA will migrate from the cathode (-) to the anode (+), separated by size
- F.
Quantitative
- G.
Qualitative
- H.
Semi-quantitative
- I.
DNA is stained and visualized under infrared light
- J.
DNA is stained and visualized under UV light
- 7.[Blank] prevents dye from fluorescing
- 8.[Blank] is activated as the probe is fragmented during the extension phase
- 9.Uses fluorescent-conjugated probes
- A.
Real-time PCR (qPCR)
- B.
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
- C.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
- D.
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction
- 10.Fluorescence is inversely proportional with number of DNA copies synthesized
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.Allows for real-time quantification of DNA
- A.
Real-time PCR (qPCR)
- B.
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
- C.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
- D.
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction
- 12.Which of the choices applies to Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction?
- A.
Uses reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from RNA transcripts
- B.
DNA is then amplified using conventional PCR or qPCR
- C.
PCR involving 2 or more targets which are detected simultaneously
- D.
Two consecutive PCR reactions (second reaction uses the products of the first reaction)
- E.
Produces more specific and sensitive test results
- F.
Uses reverse transcriptase to synthesize RNA from DNA transcripts
- G.
DNA is then sequenced using conventional PCR or qPCR
- H.
PCR involving 2 or more targets which are detected one at a time
- I.
Two consecutive PCR reactions (first reaction uses the products of the first reaction)
- 13.Which of the choices applies to Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction?
- A.
Uses reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from RNA transcripts
- B.
DNA is then amplified using conventional PCR or qPCR
- C.
PCR involving 2 or more targets which are detected simultaneously
- D.
Two consecutive PCR reactions (second reaction uses the products of the first reaction)
- E.
Produces more specific and sensitive test results
- F.
Uses reverse transcriptase to synthesize RNA from DNA transcripts
- G.
DNA is then sequenced using conventional PCR or qPCR
- H.
PCR involving 2 or more targets which are detected one at a time
- I.
Two consecutive PCR reactions (first reaction uses the products of the first reaction)
- 14.Which of the choices applies to Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction?
- A.
Uses reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from RNA transcripts
- B.
DNA is then amplified using conventional PCR or qPCR
- C.
PCR involving 2 or more targets which are detected simultaneously
- D.
Two consecutive PCR reactions (second reaction uses the products of the first reaction)
- E.
Produces more specific and sensitive test results
- F.
Uses reverse transcriptase to synthesize RNA from DNA transcripts
- G.
DNA is then sequenced using conventional PCR or qPCR
- H.
PCR involving 2 or more targets which are detected one at a time
- I.
Two consecutive PCR reactions (first reaction uses the products of the first reaction)
- 15.Differentiating different strains/species by detecting mutations in their DNA
- A.
Strain typing
- B.
DNA fingerprinting
- C.
Genetic fingerprinting
- D.
All of the Above
- E.
None of the above
- 16.Uses plasmid genetic DNA instead of chromosomal DNA
- A.
Strain typing
- B.
DNA fingerprinting
- C.
Genetic fingerprinting
- D.
Plasmid profile analysis
- E.
None of the above
- 17.Determining the order of nucleotides in a fragment of DNA
- A.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- B.
Nucleic Acid Amplification
- C.
Nucleic Acid Sequencing
- D.
Microarrays/nanoarrays
- E.
MALDI-TOF MS
- 18.Most used gene to differentiate bacteria
- 19.Which applies to the dNTPs of the Sanger Sequence
- A.
In high concentrations
- B.
Conjugated with fluorescent dyes
- C.
In low concentrations
- D.
Chain terminating nucleotides
- 20.Which applies to the ddNTPs of the Sanger Sequence
- A.
In high concentrations
- B.
Conjugated with fluorescent dyes
- C.
In low concentrations
- D.
Chain terminating nucleotides
- 21.Which of the choices applies to SANGER SEQUENCING?
- A.
DNA fragments of varying lengths are created
- B.
Fragments are separated according to size
- C.
The fluorescent peaks in the chromatogram correspond to the terminal nucleotide
- D.
Rapid technique used to sequence shorter lengths of DNA
- E.
Template DNA to be sequenced is immobilized in a well
- F.
DNTPs are added one at a time
- G.
High-throughput and accuracy
- H.
Usually used for whole genome sequencing
- 22.Which of the choices applies to PYROSEQUENCING?
- A.
DNA fragments of varying lengths are created
- B.
Fragments are separated according to size
- C.
The fluorescent peaks in the chromatogram correspond to the terminal nucleotide
- D.
Rapid technique used to sequence shorter lengths of DNA
- E.
Template DNA to be sequenced is immobilized in a well
- F.
DNTPs are added one at a time
- G.
High-throughput and accuracy
- H.
Usually used for whole genome sequencing
- 23.Which of the choices applies to NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING ?
- A.
DNA fragments of varying lengths are created
- B.
Fragments are separated according to size
- C.
The fluorescent peaks in the chromatogram correspond to the terminal nucleotide
- D.
Rapid technique used to sequence shorter lengths of DNA
- E.
Template DNA to be sequenced is immobilized in a well
- F.
DNTPs are added one at a time
- G.
High-throughput and accuracy
- H.
Usually used for whole genome sequencing
- 24.A [Blank] detects the fluorescence in each segment
- 25.Used to profile gene expression of single/multiple organism/cells at the same time
- A.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- B.
Nucleic Acid Amplification
- C.
Nucleic Acid Sequencing
- D.
Microarrays/nanoarrays
- E.
MALDI-TOF MS
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