Demonstrated that the white power structure still controls the political parties.
demonstrated that women and African Americans can be serious contenders for the presidency.
Demonstrated that a woman could not run for the presidency unless she stressed “women’s issues.”
Demonstrated that African Americans are still not taken seriously as presidential candidates.
Is a classification used to place suspected racists on a watch list.
Is a method of classifying suspects as to whether their crimes are hate crimes.
is used for situations involving handicapped persons.
Creates a very high barrier to laws treating a suspect group differently from others.
The 1950s.
the 1930s.
the 1890s.
The 1870s.
Were blocked by Republicans in Congress.
ended with the end of Reconstruction.
were not successful until the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Were not successful until the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment.
Jim Crow laws.
Poll taxes.
literacy tests.
Civil suits.
Congress, the president, and southern state governments made little effort to enforce them. Congress, the president, and southern state governments made little effort to enforce them. Congress, the president, and southern state governments made little effort to enforce them.
Congress, the president, and southern state governments made little effort to enforce them. the wording of rights in these amendments did not specifically mention African Americans.
the nation was slow to ratify these amendments.
The amendments did not apply to all the states.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Korematsu v. United States.
Sweatt v. Painter.
Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada.
Ended the doctrine of "separate but equal."
declared immigration restrictions on Japanese Americans to be unconstitutional.
limited the civil rights of Japanese Americans in the interest of national security.
Held that the poll tax violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
Segregated schools were inherently unequal because the very fact of segregation made blacks feel unequal.
All segregated facilities were unconstitutional.
School integration was the responsibility of state governments.
School districts should integrate within five years
Ad hoc
De jure
De facto
Ex post facto
it increased optimism among blacks about their future.
It clearly improved the candidacies of blacks in future elections.
It led to criticism of the Obama administration that seemed to have a racial tinge.
it led to a dramatically increased turnout among blacks in 2008.
Statistics indicate that blacks are now even with whites on most economic measures.
It is intended to be a substantive remedy for past discrimination
A majority of Americans support the principles behind affirmative action
It is intended to be a substantive remedy for past discrimination
Restricting Native Americans to reservations and reducing the size of reservations.
Giving them status as independent nations and lumping them with other minorities.
Creating a national tribal council and developing local tribal councils.
Assimilating Native Americans into a European-based culture and encouraging independence and self-government.
They are asked to make concessions that are incompatible with their culture, but they depend on the American government to get them out of poverty.
Hey want to join American culture completely but are blocked from doing so
They could benefit from the gambling industry, but taking advantage of the gambling industry would it violate their values.
They are divided over what to do with all the wealth they are obtaining from selling mineral rights on their lands.
The Hispanic population is very diverse.
Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States.
They are considered to be an insignificant voting bloc in elections.
The vast majority of Hispanics are Mexican Americans.
Legislation passed by Congress that restricted immigration from China and Japan
The fact that Asians have never seen the United States as providing economic opportunities for them.
Japan's alliance with Germany in World War I, which created anti-American feelings that deterred immigration from Asia.
The lack of political opportunities available to Asians in the United States.
Were placed in detainment camps for national security purposes.
Lost their citizenship if they still had family members in Japan.
Were often required to return to Japan.
Fled America to live in Western Europe.
They face a negative political reaction to their immigration to the United States.
They face hostility because they speak a different language.
Issues surrounding their immigration to the United States are likely to fade in the near future.
They represent a rapidly increasing proportion of the population.
Is Elian Gonzales.
Is Sonia Sotomayor.
Has yet to be appointed.
Is Alberto Gonzales.
They could not initiate divorce proceedings.
They could not bring a law suit.
They could not gain custody of their children in case of divorce.
They were not permitted to give up their American citizenship if they married a man who was not a citizen.
Gaining the right to vote in states where they had support and expanding their support over time. gaining the right to vote in states where they had support and expanding their support over time.
Winning support at the national level and then using that to win in the states.
Getting sympathetic male voters to write in the names of women who won a surprising number of legislative seats.
Gaining the support of the president.
Strict scrutiny.
The Lemon test.
An intermediate standard of review.
The Miller test.
Requires a woman claiming gender discrimination in the workplace to do so within the first 150 days of employment.
Extended the time period available to a woman claiming gender discrimination in the workplace.
Was pushed through Congress by business interests to water down gender discrimination regulations.
Requires affirmative action remedies in cases of gender discrimination in the workplace.
Overrepresented in the Senate but underrepresented in the House of Representatives.
Achieving a greater level of representation in Congress than are African Americans
Overrepresented in many state legislatures.
the most underrepresented group in Congress and state legislatures.
State sodomy laws were a violation of the right to privacy.
The right to same-sex marriage is protected by the U.S. Constitution.
Fair employment policies for gays were unconstitutional.
Gay couples have the right to receive social benefits available to married heterosexual couple
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