Physiology 1 Review
In this review on physiology – a branch of biology which relates to the functions of organs and organ systems, and how they work within the body to respond to certain challenges – we’re going to put your knowledge to the test.
- 1.
Homeostasis is the ability of the body to:
- A.
Prevent the external environment from changing
- B.
Prevent the internal environment from changing
- C.
Quickly restore changed conditions to normal
- D.
Ignore external stimuli to remain in a state of rest
Correct Answer
C. Quickly restore changed conditions to normal -
- 2.
Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+, large anions and proteins??
- A.
Plasma
- B.
Interstitial fluid
- C.
Intracellular fluid
- D.
A and C
- E.
A and B
Correct Answer
C. Intracellular fluid -
- 3.
An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP):
- A.
Depolarizes a neuron, making it harder to fire
- B.
Hyperpolarizes a neuron, making it harder to fire
- C.
Depolarizes a neuron, making it easier to fire
- D.
Hyperpolarizes a neuron, making it easier to fire
Correct Answer
C. Depolarizes a neuron, making it easier to fire -
- 4.
All of the following are mediated transport except:
- A.
Facilitated diffusion
- B.
Primary active transport
- C.
Simple diffusion
- D.
Secondary active transport
Correct Answer
C. Simple diffusion -
- 5.
What are the 2 extracellular fluid compartments in the body
- A.
Intracellular and plasme
- B.
Plasma and interstitial
- C.
Interstitial and intracellular
- D.
Plasma and the fluid portion of the blood
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
B. Plasma and interstitial -
- 6.
The means by which a cell transports large particles out of the cell is called
- A.
Phagocytosis
- B.
Endocytosis
- C.
Exocytosis
- D.
Diffusion
- E.
Active transport
Correct Answer
C. Exocytosis -
- 7.
Which of these neurotransmitters is the most abundant
- A.
Acetylycholine
- B.
GABA
- C.
Serotonin
- D.
Dopamine
- E.
Norepinephrine
Correct Answer
A. Acetylycholine -
- 8.
Hypoosmotic solutions have:
- A.
Higher concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic solutions
- B.
Lower concentrations of solutes than other hypoosmotic solutions
- C.
The same concentration of solutes as hyperosmotic solutions
- D.
Have lower concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic solutions
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
D. Have lower concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic solutions -
- 9.
Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ pump is FALSE
- A.
It transport Na+ and K+ in a 2:1 ratio
- B.
It transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell
- C.
It is present in neurons
- D.
Its activity requires the expenditure of metabolic energy
Correct Answer
A. It transport Na+ and K+ in a 2:1 ratio -
- 10.
Voltage-gated channels and antiport carriers are both type of
- A.
Structural proteins
- B.
Enzymes
- C.
Transporters
- D.
Receptors
Correct Answer
C. Transporters -
- 11.
As the charge on the membrane of a typical neuron approaches 0 from -70mV, the cell is:
- A.
Repolarizing
- B.
Hyperpolarizing
- C.
Depolarizing
- D.
Becoming more difficult to stimulate
- E.
B and D
Correct Answer
C. Depolarizing -
- 12.
Integration of a reflex always occurs in the
- A.
PNS
- B.
CNS
- C.
ANS
- D.
Dorsal root ganglia
Correct Answer
B. CNS -
- 13.
If a 10% sucrose solution is separated from a 20% sucrose solution by a membrane impermeable to sucrose, in which direction will net movement of water occur
- A.
From the 10% sucrose solution to the 20% sucrose solution
- B.
From the 20% sucrose solution to the 10% sucrose solution
- C.
There will be no net movement of water in this case
- D.
A and B
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. From the 10% sucrose solution to the 20% sucrose solution -
- 14.
Match the brain area with its location:All lobes
- A.
Primary somatic sensory cortex
- B.
Visual cortex
- C.
Auditory cortex
- D.
Assoication areas
Correct Answer
D. Assoication areas -
- 15.
Parietal lobe:
- A.
Primary somatic sensory cortex
- B.
Visual cortex
- C.
Auditory cortex
- D.
Association areas
Correct Answer
A. Primary somatic sensory cortex -
- 16.
Temporal lobe:
- A.
Primary somatic sensory cortex
- B.
Visual cortex
- C.
Auditory cortex
- D.
Association areas
Correct Answer
C. Auditory cortex -
- 17.
Occipital lobe:
- A.
Primary somatic sensory cortex
- B.
Visual cortex
- C.
Auditory cortex
- D.
Association areas
Correct Answer
B. Visual cortex -
- 18.
Gated channels for sodium ions may include:
- A.
Mechanical gates, which respond to pressure
- B.
Chemical gates which respond to ligands
- C.
Voltage gates which respond to electrical signals
- D.
All of these
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
D. All of these -
- 19.
Chemical signals released into synapses are called
- A.
Hormones
- B.
Amino acids
- C.
Neurotransmitters
- D.
Codons
- E.
Anticodons
Correct Answer
C. Neurotransmitters -
- 20.
The afferent and efferent axons together form the
- A.
Central nervous system
- B.
Autonomic division sytem
- C.
Somatic motor division of the nervous system
- D.
Peripheral nervous system
- E.
Visceral nervous system
Correct Answer
D. Peripheral nervous system -
- 21.
Interneurons are found;
- A.
Only in the brain
- B.
Only in the spinal cord
- C.
Only in the CNS
- D.
Throughout the nervous system
- E.
Only in spinal nerves
Correct Answer
C. Only in the CNS -
- 22.
A cell membrane that is selectively permeable:
- A.
Randomly chooses what substances will pass through
- B.
Can change which substances pass through by changing its lipid and protein content
- C.
Is impermeable to all substances but water
- D.
Will only allow substances in or out if their concentration in the cell is above or below a certain point
Correct Answer
B. Can change which substances pass through by changing its lipid and protein content -
- 23.
Receptor molecules for chemical signaling are located:
- A.
In the membrane
- B.
In the cytosol
- C.
In the nucleus
- D.
B and C
- E.
All of these
Correct Answer
E. All of these -
- 24.
With the exception of olfaction, all sensory pathways first travel to the ______ which acts as a relay and processing station:
- A.
Cerebrum
- B.
Thalamus
- C.
Cerebellum
- D.
Hypothalamus
- E.
Medulla oblongata
Correct Answer
B. Thalamus -
- 25.
Cyclic AMP (cAMP), cGMP and calcium are all:
- A.
First messengers
- B.
Second messengers
- C.
Cytokines
- D.
Hormones
Correct Answer
B. Second messengers -
- 26.
Receptors on the surface of the target cell:
- A.
May allow a particular ligand to bind
- B.
Determine the target cell's response
- C.
Bind to all ligands
- D.
A and B
- E.
B and C
Correct Answer
D. A and B -
- 27.
The increasingly forceful uterine contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of
- A.
Receptor activation
- B.
Effector shutdown
- C.
Negative feedback
- D.
Positive feedback
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
D. Positive feedback -
- 28.
THe concentration of calcium inside a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of calcium outside the cell is 0.1%. How could the cell transport even more calcium to the inside:
- A.
Passive transport
- B.
Active transport
- C.
Osmosis
- D.
Exocytosis
- E.
All of these will work
Correct Answer
B. Active transport -
- 29.
Water will always move from ________ areas to _____ areas
- A.
Hyperosmostic, hyposmotic
- B.
Hyposmotic, hyperosmotic
- C.
Hyposmotic, isosmotic
- D.
Hyperosmotic, isomotic
Correct Answer
B. Hyposmotic, hyperosmotic -
- 30.
The axon is conntected to the cell body by the
- A.
Myelin sheath
- B.
Axon terminal
- C.
Collaterals
- D.
Axon hillock
- E.
Synapse
Correct Answer
D. Axon hillock -
- 31.
Which of the following does not influence membrane permeability
- A.
Size of diffusing molecules
- B.
Lipid solubility of diffusing molecules
- C.
Thickness of lipid bilayer
- D.
Number of protein channels
Correct Answer
C. Thickness of lipid bilayer -
- 32.
Passive transport reders to a process that requires
- A.
No energy at all
- B.
No cellular energy
- C.
No pressure gradient
- D.
No concentration gradient
- E.
No electrical gradient
Correct Answer
B. No cellular energy -
- 33.
Gated channels for sodium ions may include:
- A.
Mechanical gates, which respond to pressure
- B.
Chemical gates which respond to ligands
- C.
Voltage gates which respond to electrical signals
- D.
All of these
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
D. All of these -
- 34.
In general, the nervous system is composed of 2 types of cells
- A.
Motor
- B.
Neurons
- C.
Sensory
- D.
Glial
- E.
B and d
Correct Answer
E. B and d -
- 35.
When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease body temperature. This is an example of
- A.
Negative feedback
- B.
Positive feedback
- C.
Homeostatic regulation
- D.
Diagnostic regulation
- E.
Disease
Correct Answer
A. Negative feedback -
- 36.
When adenyl cyclase is activated,
- A.
Calcium ions are released from intracellular stores
- B.
CAMP is formed
- C.
CAMP is broken down
- D.
Protein kinases are metabolized
- E.
Steroids are produced
Correct Answer
B. CAMP is formed -
- 37.
The ion that plays a key role in initiating electrical signals in neurons is
- A.
K+
- B.
Na+
- C.
Cl-
- D.
Ca2+
Correct Answer
B. Na+ -
- 38.
Which of these does not respond to extracellular signal molecules
- A.
Chemically gated channel
- B.
Receptor enzyme
- C.
Voltage gated channel
- D.
G protein
- E.
Integrin
Correct Answer
C. Voltage gated channel -
- 39.
A cascade reaction is caused by
- A.
Second messengers
- B.
Cytosolic receptors
- C.
Nuclear receptors
- D.
Ligands
- E.
Lipidophilic signal molecules
Correct Answer
A. Second messengers -
- 40.
Which group of elements makes up more than 90% of the bodys mass
- A.
O,H,Na
- B.
C,Na,K
- C.
O,Ca,H
- D.
Ca,C,O
- E.
O,C,H
Correct Answer
E. O,C,H -
- 41.
Which of the following isn NOT a functions of membrane proteins
- A.
Bind to ligands
- B.
Produce energy
- C.
Act as transport molecules for various solutes
- D.
Anchor or stabilize the cell membrane
- E.
Regulate the passage of ions
Correct Answer
B. Produce energy -
- 42.
Cell membranes are said to be
- A.
Impermeable
- B.
Freely permeable
- C.
Selectively permeable
- D.
Actively permeable
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
C. Selectively permeable -
- 43.
Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+ andions and proteins (albumins)
- A.
Plasma
- B.
Interstitial fluid
- C.
Intracellular fluid
- D.
A and C
- E.
A and B
Correct Answer
C. Intracellular fluid -
- 44.
What do active transport, phagocytosis, exocytosis and endocytosis all have in common
- A.
They all require ATP
- B.
They all move substances with the concentration gradient
- C.
They all use small vesicles
- D.
All cells use all of these forms of transport
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
A. They all require ATP -
- 45.
Cells may communicate with one another by/through:
- A.
Transferring signal molecules to adjacent cells through gap junctions
- B.
Locally acting chemicals, called paracrines, autocrines or neuromodulators
- C.
Long-distance means, which rely on combinations of electrical and chemical signals
- D.
A and B
- E.
A,B and C
Correct Answer
E. A,B and C -
- 46.
Which of these is an example of a paracrine signal molecule?
- A.
Insulin
- B.
Prostaglandins
- C.
CAMP
- D.
Acetylcholine ACh
- E.
Ca2+
Correct Answer
B. Prostaglandins -
- 47.
Each of the following is an example of homeostasis except one. Identify the exception
- A.
Increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure
- B.
A rise in blood calcium levels triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure
- C.
A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increasis the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus
- D.
Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas which stimulates the liver to store blood sugar
- E.
A decrease in body temperature triggers a neural response which initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature
Correct Answer
C. A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increasis the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus -
- 48.
Which brain area is considered to be the integrating center for homeostasis
- A.
Hypothalamus
- B.
Thalamus
- C.
Pituitary gland
- D.
Brain stem
- E.
Medulla
Correct Answer
A. Hypothalamus -
- 49.
Information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted along _____ neurons
- A.
Afferent
- B.
Sensory
- C.
Efferent
- D.
A and B
- E.
B and C
Correct Answer
A. Afferent -
- 50.
WHich of the following are not physiological classifications of neurons
- A.
Sensory
- B.
Somatic motor
- C.
Efferent
- D.
Autonomic
- E.
Dendritic
Correct Answer
E. Dendritic -
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2022Quiz Edited by
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Dec 01, 2009Quiz Created by
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