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Efferent Division
Somatic System
Parasympathetic System
Sympathetic System
Pre-ganglionic nerve synapses
In neuroeffector junctions in the Parasympathetic Nervous System
Neuroeffector junction of the sympathoadrenal gland in the SNS
In sweat glands at the sympathetic cholinergic junction
In the somatic nervous system at the neuromuscular junction
True
False
Effectors stimulated by norepinephrine
Ganglia of SNS & PSNS & neuromuscular junction of the Somatic NS
Sweat glands innervated by the SNS
Relaxation
Loss of control
Acceleration
Constriction
There is no communication between the two
They regulate each other's function. For example, when the Sympathetic NS is stimulated, acetylcholine release is decreased by the A2 receptor, leading to further "domination" of the SNS
They regulate each other's function. For example, when the Sympathetic NS is stimulated, norepinephrine release is decreased by the M5 receptor, leading to further "domination" of the Parasympathetic NS.
A1
B1
A2
B2
True
False
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Neuroeffector junction of the SNS
Storage vesicles in the nerve ending
Cytoplasm of the nerve ending
True
False
It is taken back into the cell by a reuptake pump
It is broken down rapidly by acetylcholinesterase
It is taken up by the cholinoceptors on the postsynaptic cell & creates action potential
It goes back into the cell to regulate its own release
True
False
COMT
BuChE
Various esterases
MAO
It inhibits the docking protein that causes the vesicle to dock with the cell membrane and release the contents of the vesicle
It inhibits the reuptake of acetylcholine, causing it to stay in the synapse for a longer period of time and have a greater therapeutic effect
It causes the ACh to be released prematurely from the vesicle
It blocks the regulation of ACh once it is released into the neuroeffector junction, leading to uncontrollable release
Cardiovascular compensory reflexes
The dose is small & rapidly destroyed
Acetylcholine doesn't produce many effects
There is prolonged parasympathetic effect
The sympathetic nerves are stimulated
The ciliary muscle contracts, leading to pupillary constriction
The suspensory ligament relaxes
The lens of the eye becomes more concave
The lens of the eye becomes more flat
The ciliary muscle relaxes, leading to suspensory ligament contraction
True
False
Cholinomimetics
Cholinergic agonists
Parasympathomimetics
Anticholinergics
Muscarinic agonists
Nm
Nn
CNS, SNS cells
CNS, lung
CNS
Heart, neurons, smooth muscle
Glands, smooth muscle, endothelium
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
True
False
True
False
The radial muscle is contracted, leading to an escape of aqueous humor through the posterior chamber.
It leads to contraction of the ciliary muscles, which relaxes the suspensory ligaments of they eye, leading to aqueous humor outflow through the canal of schlemm leading to the anterior chamber.
Relaxation of the ciliary muscle leads to contraction of the suspensory ligament which leads to decreased IOP
Cholinomimetics are dangerous to use for the treatment of glaucoma.