Part II Of Microbiology Exam 4

13 Questions | By Ekanye | Updated: Mar 20, 2022 | Attempts: 160

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Antifungal/Parasitic Drug Therapies (Chapter 21)

Questions and Answers

1.

Antifungal Drug Targets
- A.
  
  Ergosterol synthesis
- B.
  
  Cell wall synthesis
- C.
  
  Cell division
- D.
  
  Nucleic acid synthesis
- E.
  
  All of the Above
2.

Polyenes " Produced by Streptomyces nodosus, binds ergosterol, increasing the permeability of the cell membrane and causing cell lysis, Drug of choice for most systemic fungal infection, usually administered intravenously over a long period of time/ Many adverse side effects, renal toxicity, chills and fever, inflammation of the vein (phlebitis),must monitor kidney function,less toxic lipid formulations also given."
- A.
  
  Nystatin
- B.
  
  Amphotericin
3.

Polyenes" Binds ergosterol, increasing the permeability of the cell membrane and causing cell lysis/ too toxic to be taken parentally/ used topically on the skin and mucous membranes and can be taken orally (not absorbed from the GI tract)/ Used to treat oral and esophageal fungal infections (i.e., oral, esophageal, and gastric candidiasis) and vaginal candidiasis (topical)"
- A.
  
  Nystatin
- B.
  
  Amphotericin
4.

Azoles Imidozoles "DOC for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, Adverse side effects include nausea/ vomiting/ hepatotoxicity/ and inhibition of testosterone (decreased libido and sperm prod.)/ inhibition of testosterone (decreased libido and sperm prod.)"
- A.
  
  Miconazole and Clotrimazole
- B.
  
  Ketoconazole
5.

Azoles Imidozoles Used for topical fungal infection (cutaneous candidiasis, tinea versicolar and the dermatophytosis (tinea pedis/corporis, ect.)
- A.
  
  Miconazole and Clotrimazole
- B.
  
  Ketoconazole
6.

Azoles Triazoles (less toxic than imidazoles) "Used for cutaneous and vaginal candidiasis (Diflucan-pink pill) and as a second-line agent behind amphotericin B for systemic candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis (also as maintenance therapy to prevent relapse after resolution of cryptococcal meningitis) therapy to prevent relapse after resolution of cryptococcal meningitis) therapy to prevent relapse after resolution of cryptococcal meningitis)
- A.
  
  Fluconazole
- B.
  
  Posaconazole
- C.
  
  Itraconazole (broad-spectrum anti-fungal)
7.

Azoles Triazoles (less toxic than imidazoles) Spectrum of activity include chromoblastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and some activity against invasive aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningitis Can be taken orally and has less side effects than ketoconazole and amphotericin B
- A.
  
  Fluconazole
- B.
  
  Itraconazole (broad spectrum anti-fungal)
- C.
  
  Posaconazole
8.

Azoles Triazoles (less toxic than imidazoles) "Excellent activity against Candida and Aspergillus, only currently marketed azole that shows consistent activity against the majority of the Zygomycetes"
- A.
  
  Fluconazole
- B.
  
  Itraconazole (broad-spectrum anti-fungal)
- C.
  
  Posaconazole
9.

Antifungal Drugs" Echinocandins (Caspofungin approved)/ inhibits B-1,3 glucan synthesis (component of fungal cell wall)/ Used to treat Candida and Aspergillus Infections/ Not effective against Cryptococcus infections"
- A.
  
  Cell division
- B.
  
  Cell wall Synthesis
- C.
  
  Nucleic Acid Synthesis
10.

Antifungal Drugs" Griseofulvin/ produced by Penicillium species/ Disrupts spindle formation, thus preventing mitosis/ drug taken orally for months becomes concentrated into dead keratinized layers of the skin where it taken up by the fungi thereby inhibiting fungal growth/ Static rather than cidal drug (older infected cells fall off due to normal cell turnover); slow acting drug/ Active against ringworm of the skin, nails, or hair due to Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsorum species (not against superficial candidiasis, tinea versicolor). "
- A.
  
  Cell division
- B.
  
  Cell wall Synthesis
- C.
  
  Nucleic Acid Synthesis
11.

Antifungal Drugs"Flucytosine: inhibits fungal protein synthesis by replacing uracil with 5- flurouracil in fungal RNA. Flucytosine also inhibits thymidylate synthetase via 5-fluorodeoxyruridine monophosphate and thus interferes with fungal DNA synthesis/ Effective against candidiasis and cryptococcosis (used synergistically with amphotericin B)/ Not effective against molds/ Resistance common
- A.
  
  Cell wall synthesis
- B.
  
  Cell division
- C.
  
  Nucleic Acid Synthesis
12.

Intestestinal/ Urogenital Protozoa " Activated by anaerobic metabolism, interferes with electron transport and alters DNA/ Trade name Flagyl/Used for Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis infections"
- A.
  
  Metronidazole
- B.
  
  Tinidazole
13.

Intestestinal/ Urogenital Protozoa "Second generation synthetic nitroimidazole/ used for Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis infections"
- A.
  
  Metronidazole
- B.
  
  Tinidazole