Mesopotamia - MS. Elisha

Explanation
Mesopotamia refers to the region located between the rivers. The term "land between the rivers" is a concise way to describe the geographical location of Mesopotamia, which is situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This region, known as the cradle of civilization, was home to some of the earliest human civilizations and played a significant role in the development of agriculture, writing, and complex societies.

Explanation
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Tigris River is one of the two major rivers that flow through the region, with the Euphrates being the other. These rivers provided fertile soil and a reliable water source for agriculture, making Mesopotamia one of the earliest cradles of civilization. The Tigris River, specifically, played a crucial role in the development and sustenance of the ancient Mesopotamian civilizations, such as the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.

Explanation
Sumer was located in the southern area of Mesopotamia.

Explanation
The correct answer is "northern." The question is asking about the location of the plateau in Mesopotamia, and the answer indicates that it is in the northern area. This suggests that the plateau is situated towards the north of Mesopotamia.

Explanation
A monarchy is a form of government where a king holds the highest position of power and authority. In this type of government, the king inherits his position through a royal bloodline and has absolute control over the state. The king's decisions and actions are not subject to any form of democratic process or checks and balances. The monarchy is characterized by a centralized power structure, where the king exercises control over all aspects of governance, including legislation, judiciary, and executive functions.

Explanation
Irrigation is the correct answer for this question. Irrigation is a farming invention that is used to water crops. It involves the artificial application of water to the land, typically through the use of canals, pipes, or sprinklers, in order to provide the necessary moisture for crop growth.

Explanation
The Mesopotamians created bronze tools for farming. Bronze is a strong and durable metal alloy made by combining copper and tin. The use of bronze tools revolutionized agriculture in Mesopotamia, allowing for more efficient and effective farming practices. These tools included bronze plows, sickles, and hoes, which greatly increased productivity and helped to cultivate the fertile lands of Mesopotamia. The development of bronze tools was a significant advancement in agricultural technology during this time period.

Explanation
Funnel is a device with a wide top and a narrow tube, used for pouring substances into containers with small openings. In the context of planting seeds, funnels can be used to direct and control the flow of seeds into the soil, ensuring accurate and efficient planting. By using funnels, the process of planting seeds becomes easier and more precise, allowing for better growth and yield of plants.

Explanation
The given answer suggests that the number system they had was based on the number 60. This means that they used 60 as the base or fundamental unit for counting and calculating. In this number system, multiples of 60 would be used to represent larger numbers, similar to how we use multiples of 10 in our decimal number system. This could imply that the civilization or culture in question had a strong influence or reliance on a system that was based on the number 60.

Explanation
The correct answer is 360 because it is a commonly used number to represent the number of days in a calendar year. This number is often used in various calendar systems, including the ancient Egyptian calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each. Additionally, 360 is a highly divisible number, making it convenient for calculations and divisions of time.

Explanation
The Sumerians offered gifts to their gods as a way of showing their devotion and gratitude. These gifts were often in the form of food, livestock, or valuable items. The Sumerians believed that by giving these offerings, they could gain favor and blessings from their gods. Additionally, they offered surplus resources as a way to ensure the gods' satisfaction and to maintain a harmonious relationship with them. The surplus resources were seen as a way to demonstrate abundance and prosperity, which was believed to please the gods.

Explanation
Sargon, also known as Sargon of Akkad, is credited with creating the world's first empire. He was a Mesopotamian ruler who united several city-states under his rule in the 24th century BCE. Sargon's empire, known as the Akkadian Empire, stretched across Mesopotamia and was a significant political and cultural force in the region. Sargon's achievements in empire-building and his innovative administrative systems laid the foundation for future empires throughout history.

Explanation
The Akkadians, also spelled as akkadians, were conquered by the Babylonians.

Explanation
Hammurabi, also spelled hammurabi, is the correct answer because he was the ruler of ancient Babylon who created a code of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi. This code consisted of 282 laws that covered various aspects of life, including criminal justice, property rights, and family law. Hammurabi's code was one of the earliest known legal systems in history and had a significant influence on subsequent legal codes in the ancient world.

Explanation
The Kassites, Hittites, and Assyrians were all ancient civilizations that conquered the Babylonians. The Babylonians were a powerful empire in Mesopotamia, known for their advanced knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, and law. However, they faced several invasions throughout their history, with the Kassites, Hittites, and Assyrians being some of the notable conquerors. These conquests marked significant shifts in power and control in the region.

Explanation
The correct answer is "New Babylonians" or "new babylonians". The Assyrians were known for their military prowess and expansionist policies, but they were eventually defeated by the rising power of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, also known as the New Babylonians. Led by King Nebuchadnezzar II, the Neo-Babylonians successfully conquered the Assyrian capital of Nineveh in 612 BCE, effectively ending the Assyrian Empire. The defeat of the Assyrians by the New Babylonians marked a significant shift in power and the beginning of a new era in Mesopotamian history.

Explanation
Nebuchadnezzar is the correct answer for the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar II was a Babylonian king who ruled from 605 BC to 562 BC. According to ancient texts, he built the Hanging Gardens as a gift for his wife, Amytis, who missed the green mountains and lush landscapes of her homeland. The gardens were considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and were renowned for their beauty and engineering marvel.