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Host B must wait until it is certain that Host A has completed sending its frame.
Host B must send a request signal to Host A by transmitting an interframe gap.
Host B must wait to receive a CSMA transmission from the hub, to signal its turn.
Host B can transmit immediately since it is connected on its own cable segment.
Physical
Data Link
Application
Session
Network
Transport
The minimum interval, measured in bit-times, that any station must wait before sending another frame
The maximum interval, measured in bit-times, that any station must wait before sending another frame
The 96-bit payload padding inserted into a frame to achieve a legal frame size
The 96-bit frame padding transmitted between frames to achieve proper synchronization
The time allowed for slow stations to process a frame and prepare for the next frame
The maximum interval within which a station must send another frame to avoid being considered unreachable
Addressing
Error detection
Frame delimiting
Port identification
Path determination
IP address resolution
* The hosts return to a listen-before-transmit mode.
The hosts creating the collision have priority to send data.
The hosts creating the collision retransmit the last 16 frames.
The hosts extend their delay period to allow for rapid transmission.
Recognizes streams of bits
Identifies the network layer protocol
Makes the connection with the upper layers
Identifies the source and destination applications
Insulates network layer protocols from changes in physical equipment
Determines the source of a transmission when multiple devices are transmitting
MAC sublayer
Physical layer
Logical Link
Control sublayer
Network layer
A random delay is used to ensure a collision-free link.
A random delay value for each device is assigned by the manufacturer.
A standard delay value could not be agreed upon among networking device vendors.
A random delay helps prevent the stations from experiencing another collision during the transmission.
Preamble and stop frame
Network layer packet
Physical addressing
FCS and SoF
Host A will change the destination IP to the IP of the nearest router and forward the packet.
Host A will broadcast an ARP request for the MAC of its default gateway. A result of 172.16.225.0 will be obtained.
Host A will broadcast an ARP request for the MAC of the destination host.
A result of 172.16.224.0 will be obtained.
A result of 172.16.225.255 will be obtained.
Application
Physical
Transport
Internet
Data link
Network access
Collisions can decrease network performance.
It is more complex than non-deterministic protocols.
Deterministic media access protocols slow network performance.
CSMA/CD LAN technologies are only available at slower speeds than other LAN technologies.
Translate URLs to IP addresses
Resolve IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses
Provide dynamic IP configuration to network devices
Convert internal private addresses to external public addresses
No collisions will occur on this link.
Only one of the devices can transmit at a time.
The switch will have priority for transmitting data.
The devices will default back to half duplex if excessive collisions occur.
Copied into RAM during system startup
Layer 3 address
Contains a 3 byte OUI
6 bytes long
32 bits long
A packet with the destination IP of Router_B.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Switch_A.
A packet with the destination IP of Router_A.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Router_A.
A packet with the destination IP of Server_B.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Server_B
Reduction in cross-talk
Minimizing of collisions
Support for UTP cabling
Division into broadcast domains
Increase in the throughput of communications
Coaxial thicknet
Copper UTP
Coaxial thinnet
Optical fiber
Shielded twisted pair
85
90
BA
A1
B3
1C
The device involved in the collision with the lowest MAC address
The device involved in the collision with the lowest IP address
Any device in the collision domain whose backoff timer expires first
Those that began transmitting at the same time
Route PRINT
Arp –a
Arp –d
Netstat
Telnet
FUCK YOU! now i want pizza... but its too late
No no.... i stay i clean CHEERS CUNT
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