Ch 4 Quiz -133-150

Explanation
Frequency is a measure of how often a sound wave repeats in a given time period, while pitch is the perception of how high or low a sound is. Similarly, loudness is a measure of the intensity or strength of a sound wave, while intensity is the perception of how loud or soft a sound is. Therefore, the relationship between frequency and pitch is the same as the relationship between intensity and loudness.

Explanation
A cochlear implant works by stimulating the auditory neurons. The cochlear implant bypasses the damaged or non-functioning hair cells in the cochlea and directly stimulates the auditory neurons. This allows sound signals to be sent to the brain, where they are processed and interpreted as sound. The intact tympanic membrane and hair cells are not directly involved in the functioning of a cochlear implant.

Explanation
Pitch refers to the perceived frequency of a sound. It is the attribute of sound that allows us to differentiate between high and low tones. The pitch of a sound is determined by the frequency of the sound waves, with higher frequencies corresponding to higher pitches and lower frequencies corresponding to lower pitches. Therefore, when we experience the frequency of a sound, we are actually perceiving its pitch.

Explanation
The basilar membrane is a structure in the inner ear that plays a crucial role in the process of hearing. It is located between the scala media and scala tympani and supports the hair cells, which are responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals. The basilar membrane vibrates in response to different frequencies of sound, allowing different hair cells to be activated and send specific signals to the brain. Therefore, it is the correct answer as it is the platform on which the hair cells rest and function.

Explanation
The cochlea is shaped like a snail and contains the sensory receptors for hearing. It is a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure in the inner ear. The cochlea is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. It contains the organ of Corti, which houses the hair cells that detect sound waves and transmit them to the brain via the auditory nerve.

Explanation
Sound becomes generally considered harmful when it exceeds 80 decibels. At this level, prolonged exposure can lead to hearing damage and other health issues. The intensity of sound is measured in decibels, and the higher the decibel level, the louder and more intense the sound. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the decibel levels in our environment and take necessary precautions to protect our hearing.

Explanation
The correct answer is "pressure, warmth, cold, pain". These four sensations are considered the basic skin sensations. Pressure refers to the feeling of force or weight on the skin. Warmth and cold represent the sensations of heat and coldness, respectively. Pain is the sensation of discomfort or distress. These sensations are important for our perception and interaction with the environment, as they allow us to detect and respond to various stimuli.

Explanation
The vestibular system is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. It relies on the semicircular canals in the ear to detect rotational movements of the head. These canals contain fluid and hair cells that sense the movement and send signals to the brain. Therefore, the statement that the vestibular system depends on the semicircular canals in the ear is true.

Explanation
Pain experiences can indeed be influenced by culture, attention, and physiology. Cultural factors such as beliefs, values, and social norms can shape how individuals perceive and express pain. Attention plays a role in pain perception as focusing on pain can intensify the experience, while distraction techniques can help alleviate it. Additionally, physiological factors like genetics, hormones, and neurotransmitters can influence pain sensitivity and tolerance. Therefore, the statement that pain experiences can be affected by culture, attention, and physiology is true.

Explanation
Pain is considered one of the body's most important protective mechanisms because it alerts us to potential harm or injury. It acts as a warning signal, prompting us to take action to prevent further damage. Pain can also limit movement or activity in the affected area, allowing it to heal and regenerate. Additionally, pain can serve as a deterrent, preventing us from engaging in activities that may cause harm. Overall, pain plays a crucial role in protecting our bodies and ensuring our well-being.

Explanation
The correct answer is amino acid glutamate (MSG). MSG is a flavor enhancer that is known to enhance the umami taste, which is often described as a savory or meaty flavor. Umami is considered the fifth taste category, alongside sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. MSG is commonly used in many cuisines to enhance the overall taste of dishes and is often found in processed foods, sauces, and seasonings.

Explanation
The survival function of "bitter" is to detect potential poisons. This means that when we taste something bitter, it is a natural instinct to spit it out or avoid consuming it further because our body recognizes it as potentially harmful. This mechanism has evolved over time to protect us from ingesting substances that could be toxic or dangerous to our health.

Explanation
Acupuncture is believed to work possibly because of the placebo effect. The placebo effect refers to the phenomenon where a person experiences a perceived improvement in their condition due to the belief that a treatment is effective, even if the treatment itself may have no direct physiological effect. In the case of acupuncture, the insertion of needles into specific points on the body is thought to stimulate the release of endorphins, which can help relieve pain and promote a sense of well-being. However, scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of acupuncture is mixed, with some studies suggesting that any benefits may be attributed to placebo or other non-specific effects.

Explanation
The primary auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe. The temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory information, including the perception of sound and the recognition of different sounds. This area receives input from the ears and is involved in analyzing and interpreting auditory stimuli. It is located on the sides of the brain, just above the ears, and is connected to other areas involved in language processing and memory.

Explanation
The survival function of the taste sense of sweet is not to get more proteins in the diet. The taste sense of sweet is actually a response to the presence of sugars, which provide a quick source of energy. It is not directly related to protein intake. Therefore, the statement is false.