Radiographic quality
The science of printing radiographs
The science of studying radiographs
The art and science of taking radiographs
The art of positioning animals for radiographs
Comfort of the patient, immobilization of the patient, safety to staff, obtaining a radiograph
Comfort of the patient, immobilization of the patient, safety to staff, obtaining a good quality radiograph
Comfort of the patient, immobilization of patient, safety to animals, obtaining a good quality radiograph
Comfort of the patient, immobilization of limbs, safety to animals, obtaining a good quality radiograph
Reduces stress and pain for patient and improves safety of staff
Reduces safety of staff and improves stress and pain for patient
Reduces stress and pain for staff and improves safety of patient
Reduces safety for patient and improves stress and pain of staff
Treats the problem
Makes the animal pliant
Slows the breathing rate
Able to position better
Sandbags
Tape and string
Hands and arms
Foam wedges and troughs
Measuring patient and setting exposures
Prepare patient and know required views
Adjust and collimate tube
Put casette under the table and adjust tube
Chemical
Physical
1
2
3
4
Side markers, film identification, exposure and examination details
Side markers, animal and client name, exposure and examination details
Side markers, film identification, name of clinic
Side markers, film identification, date of examination
Poor technique and inaccurate positioning can lead to radiation poisoning
Poor technique and inaccurate positioning can lead a court case
Poor technique and inaccurate positioning can lead to the animal's death
Poor technique and inaccurate positioning can lead to misinterpretation, misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment
AEPX
ALEX
APEX
ALFX
Appropriate positioning (laid flat with correct positioning)
Appropriate anatomy included (entire anatomy)
Identification, marker, artefacts
Adequate radiographic exposure (not under-white; or over-black)
Adequate radiographic exposure (not under-white; or over-black)
Appropriate anatomy included (entire anatomy)
Appropriate positioning (laid flat with correct positioning)
Identification, marker, artefacts
Appropriate positioning (laid flat with correct positioning)
Appropriate anatomy included (entire anatomy)
Identification, marker, artefacts
Adequate radiographic exposure (not under-white; or over-black)
Identification, marker, artefacts
Adequate radiographic exposure (not under-white; or over-black)
Appropriate anatomy included (entire anatomy)
Appropriate positioning (laid flat with correct positioning)
Casts a shadow
Unequal magnification of different parts of the same object
Casts a shadow
Unequal magnification of different parts of the same object
Sedation
General anaesthesia
L & R lateral and VD projection
L & R lateral and DV/VD projection
Lateral and DV projection
Lateral and VD projection
Cranial-1st sternebrae; caudal-between last sternebrae and last rib
Cranial-2st sternebrae; caudal-between last sternebrae and last rib
Cranial-1st sternebrae; caudal-last rib
Cranial-2nd sternebrae; caudal- last rib
Cranial- cranial portion of lungs; caudal- caudal portion of lungs
Cranial- cranial portion of lungs, caudal-entire diaphram
Cranial-thoracic inlet; caudal-entire diaphram
Cranial-thoracic inlet; caudal-caudal portion of lungs
Costochondral junctions at same height, forelimbs cranially extended
Costochondral junctions cranially extended, forelimbs at same hight
Costrochondral junctions at same height, forelimbs pulled caudally
Costrochondral junctions not at the same height, forelimbs pulled caudally
Spine and sternum superimposed and forelimbs extended cranially
Spine and sternum not superimposed and forelimbs pulled caudally
Spine and sternum not superimposed and forelimbs extended cranially
Spine and sternum superimposed and forelimbs pulled caudally
Peak inspiration
Inspiration
Expiration
Visualisation of the vena cava
Visualisation of the ribs
Visualisation of the diaphragm
Visualisation of fine detail in the lung parenchyma