All sparrows can’t fly. All sparrows have legs, though.

all sparrows that have legs can’t fly

sparrows can’t fly without legs

some sparrows don’t have legs

sparrows can’t fly because they have legs

sparrows can’t fly and they don’t have legs

Some men are European. Europeans have three legs.

men with two legs are not European

Europeans, who are men, may have three legs

Europeans with two legs can be men

there are no non-European men with three legs

men have three legs because they’re European

Flowers are green beasts. Flowers drink vodka

green beasts don’t drink vodka

Good supervisors are banished from the sky. Bad supervisors can sing.

bad supervisors are falling from the sky

good supervisors who can fly can also sing

some bad supervisors can’t sing

some of the good supervisors are actually bad ‘cos they can sing

The Intermediate Logic Test

1.

Some of the snails are mountains. All mountains adore cats. Thus, all snails adore cats
- A.
  
  Correct
- B.
  
  Incorrect
Correct Answer
B. Incorrect

Explanation
The given statement does not provide enough information to conclude that all snails adore cats. It only states that some snails are mountains and all mountains adore cats. However, this does not imply that all snails adore cats. It is possible for there to be snails that do not adore cats, as the statement does not establish a direct relationship between snails and cats. Therefore, the answer is incorrect.

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2.

All alligators can fly. All ogres are alligators. Thus, all ogres can fly.
- A.
  
  Correct
- B.
  
  Incorrect
Correct Answer
A. Correct

Explanation
The given statement establishes that all alligators can fly and all ogres are alligators. Therefore, it logically follows that all ogres can fly as well.

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3.

Some cabbage heads are locomotives. Some locomotives can play the piano. Thus, some cabbage heads can play the piano
- A.
  
  Correct
- B.
  
  Incorrect
Correct Answer
B. Incorrect

Explanation
The given argument is invalid because it commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent. While it is true that some locomotives can play the piano, it does not logically follow that some cabbage heads can play the piano just because they are connected to locomotives. The argument lacks a valid logical connection between cabbage heads and their ability to play the piano. Therefore, the correct answer is incorrect.

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4.

Two glades can never be alike. All pines and firs are identical. Thus, pines and firs cannot be two glades.
- A.
  
  Correct
- B.
  
  Incorrect
Correct Answer
A. Correct

Explanation
The given statement establishes that two glades can never be alike, implying that each glade is unique. It further states that all pines and firs are identical. Therefore, if pines and firs were to be two glades, it would contradict the initial statement that two glades cannot be alike. Hence, the answer is correct.

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5.

Men with red noses are prohibited to become presidents. All men have red noses. Thus, no man is allowed to become a president.
- A.
  
  Correct
- B.
  
  Incorrect
Correct Answer
A. Correct

Explanation
The explanation for the correct answer is that the statement establishes a rule that men with red noses are not allowed to become presidents. It then states that all men have red noses, which means that no man is allowed to become a president according to the given rule. Therefore, the answer is correct.

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6.

All birds collect paintings. Some painting collectors are kept in birdcages. Thus, some crows are kept in birdcages
- A.
  
  Correct
- B.
  
  incorrect
Correct Answer
B. incorrect

Explanation
The given answer is incorrect. The statement "All birds collect paintings" does not imply that all painting collectors are birds. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that some crows are kept in birdcages based on the given information.

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7.

Bad people cheat or steal. Jane is a good girl.
- A.
  
  Jane cheats
- B.
  
  Jane steals
- C.
  
  Jane does not steal
- D.
  
  Jane cheats and steals
- E.
  
  All answers are incorrect
Correct Answer
C. Jane does not steal

Explanation
Based on the given information, it is stated that bad people cheat or steal, and Jane is described as a good girl. Therefore, it can be inferred that Jane does not engage in stealing because she is considered to be a good person.

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8.

All sparrows can’t fly. All sparrows have legs, though.
- A.
  
  Sparrows can’t fly without legs
- B.
  
  Some sparrows don’t have legs
- C.
  
  All sparrows that have legs can’t fly
- D.
  
  Sparrows can’t fly because they have legs
- E.
  
  Sparrows can’t fly and they don’t have legs
- F.
  
  All answers are incorrect
Correct Answer
C. All sparrows that have legs can’t fly

Explanation
The given correct answer is "all sparrows that have legs can't fly." This answer is correct because it combines the information given in the statement. It states that all sparrows have legs, but not all sparrows can fly. Therefore, the logical conclusion is that all sparrows that have legs cannot fly.

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3
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9.

Some men are European. Europeans have three legs.
- A.
  
  Men with two legs are not European
- B.
  
  Europeans, who are men, may have three legs
- C.
  
  Europeans with two legs can be men
- D.
  
  There are no non-European men with three legs
- E.
  
  Men have three legs because they’re European
- F.
  
  All answers are incorrect
Correct Answer
A. Men with two legs are not European

Explanation
The correct answer is "men with two legs are not European". This statement is a logical conclusion based on the given information that Europeans have three legs. If Europeans have three legs and men with two legs are not European, it can be inferred that only men with three legs can be European.

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10.

Flowers are green beasts. Flowers drink vodka
- A.
  
  All green beasts drink vodka
- B.
  
  All green beasts are flowers
- C.
  
  Some green beasts drink vodka
- D.
  
  Green beasts don’t drink vodka
- E.
  
  Green beasts are not flowers
- F.
  
  All answers are incorrect
Correct Answer
C. Some green beasts drink vodka

Explanation
The statement "some green beasts drink vodka" is the correct answer because the given information states that "Flowers are green beasts" and "Flowers drink vodka." Since flowers are green beasts, it implies that there are green beasts that drink vodka. However, it does not specify that all green beasts drink vodka, so the statement "all green beasts drink vodka" is incorrect. Similarly, the statements "all green beasts are flowers" and "green beasts don't drink vodka" are also not supported by the given information. The statement "green beasts are not flowers" is not explicitly mentioned, but it can be inferred from the fact that flowers are green beasts. Therefore, the correct answer is "some green beasts drink vodka."

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1
1
11.

Good supervisors are banished from the sky. Bad supervisors can sing.
- A.
  
  Bad supervisors are falling from the sky
- B.
  
  Good supervisors who can fly can also sing
- C.
  
  Some bad supervisors can’t sing
- D.
  
  Some of the good supervisors are actually bad ‘cos they can sing
- E.
  
  All answers are incorrect
Correct Answer
E. All answers are incorrect

Explanation
The correct answer is that all answers are incorrect. None of the given statements accurately represent the information provided in the initial sentence. The sentence states that good supervisors are banished from the sky and that bad supervisors can sing. None of the given statements reflect this information.

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The Intermediate Logic Test

Some of the snails are mountains. All mountains adore cats. Thus, all snails adore cats

All alligators can fly. All ogres are alligators. Thus, all ogres can fly.

Some cabbage heads are locomotives. Some locomotives can play the piano. Thus, some cabbage heads can play the piano

Two glades can never be alike. All pines and firs are identical. Thus, pines and firs cannot be two glades.

Men with red noses are prohibited to become presidents. All men have red noses. Thus, no man is allowed to become a president.

All birds collect paintings. Some painting collectors are kept in birdcages. Thus, some crows are kept in birdcages

Bad people cheat or steal. Jane is a good girl.

All sparrows can’t fly. All sparrows have legs, though.

Some men are European. Europeans have three legs.

Flowers are green beasts. Flowers drink vodka

Good supervisors are banished from the sky. Bad supervisors can sing.