This is the layer closest to the user, and allows the use of file transfer, e-mail and many different applications.
Absorbs the differences in characteristics of physical communication media, and secures a transparent transmission channel for upper level layers.
Performs setting and release of routing and connections in order to create a transparent data transmission between end systems.
Provides transmission control procedures (error detection, retransmission control, etc.) between adjacent nodes.
FTP
PPP
SMTP
POP
Suitable for transmission of large amounts of consecutive data.
Is not suitable for transmission of information between equipment where transmission speeds and protocols differ.
Delays do not occur inside the switched network.
Enables efficient use of communication circuits (by sharing multiple communication path)
Relates the IP address to the domain name and host name.
Enables remote access to intranets.
Dynamically allocates the IP address to the client.
Carries out communication processing on behalf of the client.
Ping
Tracert
Ipconfig
Nmap
FTP performs file transfer over the Internet, so it incorporates encryption functions as a standard feature.
A LAN connection is required between computers involved in file transfer.
File transfer between two computers can be controlled by a computer other than these two computers.
Even if a communication error occurs during file transfer, and a lower-level protocol times out, the FTP recover function enables resending for reliable file transfer.
A protocol that controls the path by the number of hops between the gateways.
A protocol for getting the IP address from a server at the time of system startup in the case of system having no disc drive.
A protocol that controls the path by the network delay information based on a time stamp.
A protocol for getting the MAC address from the IP address.
BGP
OSPF
PPP
RIP
53
25
80
110
16
32
64
8
25
53
110
80
Suitable for transmission of large amounts of consecutive data.
Enables efficient use of communication circuits (by sharing multiple communication path)
Delays do not occur inside the switched network.
Is not suitable for transmission of information between equipment where transmission speeds and protocols differ.
Regedit
Ipconfig
Netstat
Ping
Gateway
Bridge
Router
Repeater
An IP address is a DNS
An IP address is a gateway
An IP address is in the subnet
An IP address is a server
Router, bride, repeater
Bus, star, ring/loop
Twisted-pair, coaxial, optical fiber
10BASE 5, 10BASE 2, 10BASE-T
FTP performs file transfer over the Internet, so it incorporates encryption functions as a standard feature.
A LAN connection is required between computers involved in file transfer.
Even if a communication error occurs during file transfer, and a lower-level protocol times out, the FTP recover function enables resending for reliable file transfer.
File transfer between two computers can be controlled by a computer other than these two computers.
POP
PPP
FTP
SMTP
Router a relays all packets to both router b and router c.
Router a relays packets to router b only according to the relay router specified in the packet.
Router a learns the location of terminal b from the MAC address of the destination in the packet and relays the packets to router b only.
Router a relays packets to router b only based on the destination IP address in the packet.
Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Network layer, Data link layer, Transport layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Transport layer,Network layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Application layer, Transport layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Transport layer,Network layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Application layer, Transport layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Network layer, Data link layer, Transport layer, Application layer
An IP address is a server
An IP address is a DNS
An IP address is in the subnet
An IP address is a gateway
Is not suitable for transmission of information between equipment where transmission speeds and protocols differ.
Delays do not occur inside the switched network.
Suitable for transmission of large amounts of consecutive data.
Enables efficient use of communication circuits (by sharing multiple communication path)
A protocol that controls the path by the number of hops between the gateways.
A protocol for getting the IP address from a server at the time of system startup in the case of system having no disc drive.
A protocol that controls the path by the network delay information based on a time stamp.
A protocol for getting the MAC address from the IP address.
110
53
80
25
Router, bride, repeater
Twisted-pair, coaxial, optical fiber
10BASE 5, 10BASE 2, 10BASE-T
Bus, star, ring/loop
Enables remote access to intranets.
Carries out communication processing on behalf of the client.
Relates the IP address to the domain name and host name.
Dynamically allocates the IP address to the client.
Router a learns the location of terminal b from the MAC address of the destination in the packet and relays the packets to router b only.
Router a relays packets to router b only based on the destination IP address in the packet.
Router a relays packets to router b only according to the relay router specified in the packet.
Router a relays all packets to both router b and router c.
Even if a communication error occurs during file transfer, and a lower-level protocol times out, the FTP recover function enables resending for reliable file transfer.
File transfer between two computers can be controlled by a computer other than these two computers.
FTP performs file transfer over the Internet, so it incorporates encryption functions as a standard feature.
A LAN connection is required between computers involved in file transfer.
RIP
OSPF
BGP
PPP
Relates the IP address to the domain name and host name.
Carries out communication processing on behalf of the client.
Enables remote access to intranets.
Dynamically allocates the IP address to the client.
Suitable for transmission of large amounts of consecutive data.
Enables efficient use of communication circuits (by sharing multiple communication path)
Is not suitable for transmission of information between equipment where transmission speeds and protocols differ.
Delays do not occur inside the switched network.
An IP address is in the subnet
An IP address is a server
An IP address is a DNS
An IP address is a gateway
10BASE 5, 10BASE 2, 10BASE-T
Twisted-pair, coaxial, optical fiber
Router, bride, repeater
Bus, star, ring/loop
Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Application layer, Transport layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Transport layer,Network layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Network layer, Data link layer, Transport layer, Application layer
BGP
OSPF
OSPF
PPP
16
32
64
8
Router a relays packets to router b only according to the relay router specified in the packet.
Router a relays packets to router b only based on the destination IP address in the packet.
Router a learns the location of terminal b from the MAC address of the destination in the packet and relays the packets to router b only.
Router a relays all packets to both router b and router c.
Regedit
Netstat
Ipconfig
Ping
Even if a communication error occurs during file transfer, and a lower-level protocol times out, the FTP recover function enables resending for reliable file transfer.
File transfer between two computers can be controlled by a computer other than these two computers.
A LAN connection is required between computers involved in file transfer.
FTP performs file transfer over the Internet, so it incorporates encryption functions as a standard feature.
A modem exchanges data based on the dialed number and address of the remote party in the communication.
A modem performs recovery from bit errors and the like according to a transmission control procedure.
A modem assembles transmission data in packet format and disassembles (takes out data from) received packets.
Analog signals on communication lines are configured differently from digital signals used by computers and terminals, so modems handle the translation of both.
Nmap
Tracert
Ipconfig
Ping
25
80
53
110
Bridge
Repeater
Router
Gateway
RIP
PPP
OSPF
BGP
HTTP
CGI
URL
MIME
Physical layer, Network layer, Data link layer, Transport layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Transport layer,Network layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Application layer
Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer, Application layer, Transport layer
An IP address is in the subnet
An IP address is a DNS
An IP address is a gateway
An IP address is a server
Router a relays packets to router b only based on the destination IP address in the packet.
Router a learns the location of terminal b from the MAC address of the destination in the packet and relays the packets to router b only.
Router a relays all packets to both router b and router c.
Router a relays packets to router b only according to the relay router specified in the packet.
Enables efficient use of communication circuits (by sharing multiple communication path)
Suitable for transmission of large amounts of consecutive data.
Delays do not occur inside the switched network.
Is not suitable for transmission of information between equipment where transmission speeds and protocols differ.
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