N3 E4 Revision Quiz
The aim of the quiz is help you test your knowledge and understanding ready for your N3 E4 test.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The anatomical name for the ankle is:
- A.
Tarsals
- B.
Carpals
- C.
Cuboids
- D.
Calcaneums
Correct Answer
A. TarsalsExplanation
The correct answer is Tarsals. Tarsals are a group of seven bones located in the foot, forming the ankle joint. They include the talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones. The ankle joint allows for movement and stability, connecting the foot to the leg. The term "tarsals" is the anatomical name specifically used to refer to these bones in the ankle region.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The long bones of the foot are called the:
- A.
Carpals
- B.
Tarsals
- C.
Metacarpals
- D.
Metatarsals
Correct Answer
D. MetatarsalsExplanation
The long bones of the foot are called metatarsals. The term "metatarsals" refers to the bones that make up the middle part of the foot, connecting the toes to the tarsal bones. The carpal bones are found in the wrist, not the foot. Similarly, the metacarpals are the long bones in the hand, not the foot. Therefore, the correct answer is metatarsals.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The smaller bone in the lower leg is called the:
- A.
Ulna
- B.
Fibula
- C.
Tibia
- D.
Metacarpal
Correct Answer
B. FibulaExplanation
The smaller bone in the lower leg is called the fibula. The fibula is located on the outside of the leg and runs parallel to the larger bone in the lower leg, the tibia. It helps provide support and stability to the leg, but its main function is to serve as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments. The fibula is not involved in bearing weight like the tibia, but it plays an important role in the overall structure and movement of the leg.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In which layer of the epidermis does the nail plate begin?
- A.
Stratum Germinativum
- B.
Stratum Granulosum
- C.
Stratum Spinosum
- D.
Stratum Lucidum
Correct Answer
A. Stratum GerminativumExplanation
The nail plate begins in the Stratum Germinativum layer of the epidermis. This layer is also known as the basal layer and is responsible for the production of new skin cells. It is located at the base of the epidermis and is the layer closest to the nail matrix, which is responsible for nail growth. As the new cells are produced in the Stratum Germinativum, they push older cells towards the surface, eventually forming the nail plate.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The best method of sterilisation for nail cutters/ nail scissors is:
- A.
Chemical sterilisation
- B.
Ultra violet cabinet
- C.
Autoclave
- D.
Washing in a disinfectant solution
Correct Answer
C. AutoclaveExplanation
Autoclave is the best method of sterilization for nail cutters/nail scissors because it uses high pressure and steam to kill all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is a highly effective and reliable method that ensures complete sterilization of the instruments. Chemical sterilization may not be as effective in reaching all areas of the instrument, while an ultraviolet cabinet may not provide enough heat to kill all microorganisms. Washing in a disinfectant solution may not be sufficient to completely sterilize the instruments. Therefore, the autoclave is the most suitable method for sterilizing nail cutters/nail scissors.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The main action of the gastocnemius muscle is:
- A.
Plantar Flexion
- B.
Inversion
- C.
Plantar Extension
- D.
Rotation
Correct Answer
A. Plantar FlexionExplanation
The main action of the gastrocnemius muscle is plantar flexion. Plantar flexion refers to the movement of pointing the foot downwards, as in standing on tiptoes. The gastrocnemius muscle, located in the calf, is responsible for this action. It contracts to push the foot downward, allowing for movements like walking, running, and jumping.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The deep muscle that covers the calf is known as the:
- A.
Gastrocnemius
- B.
Biceps Femoris
- C.
Soleus
- D.
Achilles
Correct Answer
C. SoleusExplanation
The deep muscle that covers the calf is known as the soleus. The soleus muscle is located in the posterior part of the lower leg and plays a crucial role in plantar flexion of the foot. It works in conjunction with the gastrocnemius muscle to provide strength and stability to the calf. Unlike the gastrocnemius, the soleus muscle is not involved in knee flexion. The biceps femoris is a muscle located in the back of the thigh, while the Achilles is a tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The muscle responsible for flexing the toes is the:
- A.
Extensor digitorum
- B.
Flexor digitorum longus
- C.
Tibialis anterior
- D.
Gastrocnemius
Correct Answer
B. Flexor digitorum longusExplanation
The muscle responsible for flexing the toes is the flexor digitorum longus. This muscle is located in the lower leg and runs along the back of the leg. It originates from the tibia bone and inserts into the tendons of the toes. When this muscle contracts, it pulls the toes downward, allowing for flexion. The other muscles listed in the options are responsible for different movements, such as extending the toes (extensor digitorum), dorsiflexion of the foot (tibialis anterior), and plantar flexion of the foot (gastrocnemius).Rate this question:
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- 9.
How many bones make up the foot and ankle?
- A.
24
- B.
25
- C.
26
- D.
27
Correct Answer
C. 26Explanation
The foot and ankle consist of a complex network of bones that provide stability and support for the body. There are a total of 26 bones in the foot and ankle, including the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. These bones work together to allow for various movements and functions such as walking, running, and balancing.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which one of the following is the common term for the condition onychocryptosis?
- A.
Athlete's foot
- B.
Verucca
- C.
Bunion
- D.
Ingrowing toenail
Correct Answer
D. Ingrowing toenailExplanation
The correct answer is "Ingrowing toenail." Onychocryptosis is the medical term for an ingrowing toenail, where the nail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, inflammation, and sometimes infection. This condition is common and can be caused by various factors such as improper nail trimming, wearing tight shoes, or injury to the toe. Treatment options include soaking the foot in warm water, wearing open-toed shoes, and in severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove the ingrown portion of the nail.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The active ingredient in cuticle remover is?
- A.
Hydrogen peroxide
- B.
Mineral oil
- C.
Formaldehyde resin
- D.
Potassium Hydroxide
Correct Answer
D. Potassium HydroxideExplanation
Potassium Hydroxide is the active ingredient in cuticle remover. Cuticle remover is a product used to soften and remove the cuticles around the nails. Potassium Hydroxide is a strong alkaline compound that helps break down the tough and dead skin cells of the cuticles, making them easier to remove. It is commonly used in beauty and cosmetic products for its exfoliating properties. Hydrogen peroxide, mineral oil, and formaldehyde resin are not typically used as active ingredients in cuticle removers.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the name of the bacterial infection where swelling, redness and pus appears in the cuticle area of the nail wall?
- A.
Whitlow
- B.
Paronychia
- C.
Tinea unguium
- D.
Tinea corporis
Correct Answer
B. ParonychiaExplanation
Paronychia is the correct answer because it is a bacterial infection that causes swelling, redness, and pus in the cuticle area of the nail wall. Whitlow is a viral infection of the finger, Tinea unguium is a fungal infection of the nails, and Tinea corporis is a fungal infection of the skin.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The nail condition where the nail plate seperates from the nail bed is called:
- A.
Onycholysis
- B.
Onychophagy
- C.
Onychorrhexis
- D.
Paronychia
Correct Answer
A. OnycholysisExplanation
Onycholysis refers to the condition where the nail plate separates from the nail bed. This can be caused by various factors such as trauma, fungal infections, psoriasis, or certain medications. It is characterized by a visible gap between the nail plate and the nail bed, often starting at the tip of the nail and progressing towards the cuticle. Onycholysis can result in pain, discomfort, and an increased risk of infection. Treatment usually involves addressing the underlying cause, keeping the nails clean and dry, and avoiding further trauma to the affected nails.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Kneading movements in leg massage are known as:
- A.
Effleurage
- B.
Tapotement
- C.
Frictions
- D.
Petrissage
Correct Answer
D. PetrissageExplanation
Petrissage refers to the kneading movements in leg massage. This technique involves applying pressure and manipulating the muscles with a squeezing and rolling motion. It helps to increase blood flow, relax the muscles, and relieve tension. Effleurage is a gliding stroke, tapotement is a tapping or percussion movement, and frictions involve deep circular movements. However, it is important to note that without the "The correct answer is" statement, the explanation may not be clear to the reader.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Toe nails are cut straight across because:
- A.
It avoids ingrowing toenails
- B.
It avoids hangnails
- C.
It looks more attractive
- D.
They grow quicker
Correct Answer
A. It avoids ingrowing toenailsExplanation
Cutting toenails straight across helps to avoid ingrowing toenails because it prevents the edges of the nails from growing into the surrounding skin. When toenails are cut straight across, the risk of the nail digging into the skin and causing pain, inflammation, and infection is reduced. This method of cutting also promotes proper nail growth and maintains the natural shape of the nail, preventing any irregularities that could lead to ingrown nails.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What can be used to improve the absorption and effect of a foot mask?
- A.
Thermal boots
- B.
Thermal mittens
- C.
A foot spa
- D.
A salt scrub
Correct Answer
A. Thermal bootsExplanation
Thermal boots can be used to improve the absorption and effect of a foot mask because they provide warmth and insulation to the feet. The heat generated by the thermal boots helps to open up the pores on the skin, allowing the foot mask to penetrate deeper into the skin and provide better nourishment and hydration. Additionally, the insulation provided by the boots helps to retain the heat, prolonging the effects of the foot mask. This ultimately enhances the absorption and effectiveness of the foot mask treatment.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following conditions is caused by a virus?
- A.
Athlete's foot
- B.
Verruca
- C.
Corn
- D.
Chilblains
Correct Answer
B. VerrucaExplanation
Verruca is caused by a virus known as the human papillomavirus (HPV). This viral infection causes the growth of rough, small, and grainy skin lesions on the feet or hands. It is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact or by sharing personal items. Athlete's foot, corns, and chilblains, on the other hand, are not caused by a virus. Athlete's foot is a fungal infection, corns are caused by pressure or friction on the skin, and chilblains are due to poor circulation and exposure to cold temperatures.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A contraindication to a leg massage would be:
- A.
Calluses
- B.
Corns
- C.
Bunions
- D.
Varicose veins
Correct Answer
D. Varicose veinsExplanation
Varicose veins are swollen and twisted veins that commonly occur in the legs. Massaging varicose veins can increase blood flow and potentially worsen the condition. Therefore, it is considered a contraindication to perform a leg massage on someone with varicose veins. Calluses, corns, and bunions are not contraindications to leg massage as they do not pose a risk of exacerbation or complications during the massage.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The two bones of the lower leg are the:
- A.
Radius and Ulna
- B.
Humerus and Femur
- C.
Tibia and Fibula
- D.
Patella and Femur
Correct Answer
C. Tibia and FibulaExplanation
The correct answer is Tibia and Fibula. The tibia and fibula are the two bones of the lower leg. The tibia is the larger bone located on the inside of the leg, while the fibula is the smaller bone located on the outside of the leg. These two bones work together to provide support and stability to the lower leg, allowing for movement and weight-bearing activities.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is the correct name for overgrown cuticle?
- A.
Onychorrhexis
- B.
Leuconychia
- C.
Onychophagy
- D.
Pterygium
Correct Answer
D. PterygiumExplanation
Pterygium is the correct name for overgrown cuticle. Pterygium is a condition where the cuticle, the layer of skin that covers the base of the nail, grows excessively and extends onto the nail plate. This overgrowth can cause the nail to appear thickened and distorted. Onychorrhexis refers to brittle nails, Leuconychia refers to white spots on the nails, and Onychophagy refers to nail biting.Rate this question:
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