1.
One of the functions of a bone is to
Correct Answer
C. Produce blood cells
Explanation
One of the functions of a bone is to produce blood cells. This process, known as hematopoiesis, occurs in the bone marrow, which is the soft tissue found inside the bones. The bone marrow contains stem cells that differentiate into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These blood cells are essential for carrying oxygen, fighting infections, and maintaining overall health. Therefore, the production of blood cells is a crucial function of bones.
2.
Bones contain yellow marrow that is composed mainly of?
Correct Answer
A. Fat
Explanation
Bones contain yellow marrow that is composed mainly of fat. Yellow marrow is found in the central cavity of long bones and is responsible for storing fat cells. It serves as a source of energy and insulation for the body.
3.
The external covering of the bone that contains osteoblasts and blood vessels is termed the?
Correct Answer
D. Periosteum
Explanation
The periosteum is the external covering of the bone that contains osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation, and blood vessels that supply nutrients to the bone. It serves as a protective layer and is involved in bone growth, repair, and remodeling. The other options, cartilage, synovial membrane, and connective tissue, are not specifically associated with the external covering of the bone.
4.
Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by?
Correct Answer
A. Tendons
Explanation
Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons. Tendons are strong, fibrous connective tissues that connect muscle to bone. They are made up of collagen fibers and are responsible for transmitting the force generated by the muscle to the bone, allowing movement and stability. Tendons are flexible yet strong, allowing for efficient and controlled movement of the bones by the muscles.
5.
Joints may be classified as cartilaginous, synovial, or?
Correct Answer
D. Fibrous
Explanation
Joints may be classified as cartilaginous, synovial, or fibrous. Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage, synovial joints have a synovial cavity and are surrounded by a joint capsule, and fibrous joints are held together by fibrous connective tissue. Therefore, the correct answer is fibrous, as it is one of the classifications of joints.
6.
Bones in synovial joints are joined together by?
Correct Answer
B. Ligaments
Explanation
Ligaments are the correct answer because they are strong bands of connective tissue that connect bones together in synovial joints. They provide stability and support to the joint, preventing excessive movement and maintaining proper alignment. Ligaments are flexible yet tough, allowing for a wide range of motion while also protecting the joint from injury.
7.
When the nurse moves the clients arm away from the midline of the body the nurse is performing?
Correct Answer
D. Abduction
Explanation
When the nurse moves the client's arm away from the midline of the body, the nurse is performing abduction. Abduction refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body, such as moving the arm out to the side. This action is opposite to adduction, which is the movement of a body part towards the midline of the body. External rotation refers to the rotation of a body part away from the center of the body, and retraction refers to the backward movement of a body part.
8.
When the nurse moves a clients leg upward, the nurse is performing?
Correct Answer
A. Supination
Explanation
When the nurse moves a client's leg upward, the nurse is performing supination. Supination refers to the movement of a body part, such as the leg, in which the palm or sole is turned upward or forward. In this case, the nurse is moving the leg in a way that the sole of the foot is facing upward.
9.
The subacromial bursae are contained in the
Correct Answer
B. Shoulder joint
Explanation
The subacromial bursae are small fluid-filled sacs located in the shoulder joint. These bursae help reduce friction and provide cushioning between the bones, tendons, and muscles in the shoulder. They are specifically located beneath the acromion, which is a bony process of the shoulder blade. Therefore, the correct answer is the shoulder joint.
10.
Articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum is in the?
Correct Answer
D. Hip joint
Explanation
The articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum is in the hip joint. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that allows for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation of the leg. This joint is responsible for connecting the upper body to the lower body and plays a crucial role in activities such as walking, running, and jumping.
11.
A client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that she has joint pain in her hands, especially in the morning. The nurse should assess the client further for sings and symptoms of?
Correct Answer
A. Arthritis
Explanation
The client's complaint of joint pain in her hands, especially in the morning, is suggestive of arthritis. Arthritis is a condition characterized by inflammation and stiffness in the joints, which can cause pain and limited mobility. The fact that the pain is worse in the morning is a common symptom of arthritis, known as morning stiffness. Therefore, the nurse should assess the client further for other signs and symptoms of arthritis to confirm the diagnosis and provide appropriate care.
12.
A client with insulin-dependent diabetes visits the clinic and complains of painful hip joints. The nurse should assess the clients carefully for signs and symptoms of
Correct Answer
C. Osteomyelitis
Explanation
Insulin-dependent diabetes can increase the risk of developing osteomyelitis, which is an infection in the bone. The painful hip joints reported by the client could be a sign of this condition. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to assess the client for other signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis, such as fever, swelling, redness, and warmth around the affected area. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications in the client's health.
13.
A female client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that she began menarche at the age of 16 years. The nurse should instruct the client that she is at a higher risk for?
Correct Answer
A. Osteoporosis
Explanation
The correct answer is osteoporosis. Menarche refers to the onset of menstruation, which typically occurs around the age of 12-14 years. Starting menarche at the age of 16 is considered late and may indicate a delay in reaching peak bone mass. Delayed menarche is a risk factor for osteoporosis because it suggests that the client may have lower bone density, increasing the likelihood of developing the condition later in life. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more prone to fractures.
14.
The nurse is planning a presentation on osteoporosis to a group of high school students, which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the presentation?
Correct Answer
C. Moderate strenuous exercise tends to increase bone density
Explanation
Moderate strenuous exercise tends to increase bone density, which is important information for high school students to know about osteoporosis. This information can help them understand the importance of regular exercise in maintaining strong and healthy bones. By including this in the presentation, the nurse can educate the students on a preventive measure they can take to reduce their risk of developing osteoporosis later in life.
15.
The nurse is caring for an adult client who is in a cast because of a fractured arm. To promote healing of the bone and tissue, the nurse should instruct the client to eat a diet that is high in
Correct Answer
D. Vitamin C
Explanation
Vitamin C is important for bone and tissue healing because it plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen, a protein that is essential for the formation and repair of connective tissues, including bones. It also acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage and promoting overall tissue health. Therefore, including vitamin C-rich foods in the client's diet can help support the healing process of the fractured arm.
16.
An adult client tells the nurse that he eats sardines everyday, the nurse should instruct the client that a diet high in purines can contribute to
Correct Answer
A. Gouty arthritis
Explanation
A diet high in purines can contribute to gouty arthritis. Gouty arthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs when there is a buildup of uric acid in the bloodstream. Purines are substances found in certain foods, such as sardines, that can increase the production of uric acid. When there is an excess of uric acid, it can form crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to be cautious about consuming foods high in purines to prevent or manage gouty arthritis.
17.
A client tells the nurse that his grandmother had a diagnosis of osteomalacia. the nurse should instruct the client that to decrease the risk factors for osteomalalcia, the client should have adequate
Correct Answer
D. Vitamin D
Explanation
Osteomalacia is a condition characterized by softening of the bones due to a deficiency in vitamin D. Adequate intake of vitamin D is essential to decrease the risk factors for osteomalacia. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary for strong and healthy bones. Without enough vitamin D, the bones become weak and prone to fractures. Therefore, it is important for the client to have adequate vitamin D to prevent or manage osteomalacia.
18.
The nurse is preparing to perform a musculoskeletal examination on an adult client. The nurse has explained the examination procedures to the client. The nurse determines that the client needs further instructions when the client says?
Correct Answer
D. Youll continue with range of motion even if I have discomfort
Explanation
The client needs further instructions when they say, "you'll continue with range of motion even if I have discomfort." This statement indicates that the client may not fully understand the importance of communicating any discomfort during the examination. The nurse should emphasize the need for the client to speak up if they experience any discomfort or pain during the range of motion assessment to ensure their safety and well-being.
19.
While assessing muscle strength in an older adult client, the nurse determines that the lients knee joint has a rating of 3 and exhibits active motion against gravity. The nurse should document the clients muscle strength as being/having
Correct Answer
C. Average weakness
Explanation
The nurse determines that the client's knee joint has a rating of 3, which indicates active motion against gravity. This means that the client is able to move their knee joint with some effort, but it is weaker than average. Therefore, the nurse should document the client's muscle strength as having average weakness.
20.
While assessing an adults clients jaw. the nurse hears clicking popping sound, and the clinet expresses pain in the joint. The nurse should further assess the client for
Correct Answer
B. TMJ dysfunction
Explanation
The nurse should further assess the client for TMJ dysfunction because the clicking and popping sound in the jaw joint, along with the client's expression of pain, are indicative of this condition. TMJ dysfunction refers to problems with the temporomandibular joint, which can cause pain, clicking or popping sounds, difficulty in opening or closing the mouth, and other symptoms related to jaw movement. Assessing the client for TMJ dysfunction will help the nurse identify the underlying cause of the symptoms and provide appropriate treatment or referral if necessary.
21.
While examining the spine of an adult client, the nurse notes that the client has a flattened lumbar curvature. The nurse should refer the client to a physician for possible
Correct Answer
A. Herniated disk
Explanation
A flattened lumbar curvature suggests a loss of the normal inward curve of the lower back. This can be a sign of a herniated disk, where one of the spinal discs protrudes out of its normal position and puts pressure on the surrounding nerves. The nurse should refer the client to a physician for possible diagnosis and treatment of a herniated disk.
22.
The nurse is assessing the spine of an adult client and detects lateral curvature of the thoracic spine with an increase in convexity on the left curved side. The nurse suspects that the client is experiencing
Correct Answer
D. Scoliosis
Explanation
The nurse suspects that the client is experiencing scoliosis. Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. In this case, the nurse detects lateral curvature of the thoracic spine with an increase in convexity on the left curved side, which is consistent with scoliosis. Lordosis refers to an inward curvature of the spine, arthritis is inflammation of the joints, and kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine. None of these conditions match the nurse's observations.
23.
A client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that he has had lower back pain for the past several days. To perform Lasegues test , the nurse should ask the client to ?
Correct Answer
D. Lie flat and raise his leg to the point of pain
Explanation
The correct answer is "lie flat and raise his leg to the point of pain." Lasegue's test is used to assess for sciatic nerve irritation or herniated disc. By lying flat and raising his leg, the nurse can reproduce the pain and determine if it radiates down the leg, indicating nerve involvement. Bending backwards, leaning forward, or twisting the shoulders would not specifically target the lower back or the sciatic nerve.
24.
An older adult client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that she has had shooting pains in bother her legs., The nurse should assess the client for signs and symptoms of
Correct Answer
A. Herniated intervertebral disc
Explanation
The client's complaint of shooting pains in both legs suggests a possible nerve compression, which is a common symptom of a herniated intervertebral disc. Rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the joints and does not typically cause shooting pains in the legs. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones and is not likely to cause shooting pains. Metastases refers to the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another, and it is not directly related to the client's symptoms of shooting pains in the legs. Therefore, the most appropriate assessment for the nurse to perform would be for signs and symptoms of a herniated intervertebral disc.
25.
While assessing the range of motion in an adult clients shoulder the client expresseess pain and exhibits limited abduction and muscle weakness,. The nurse plans to refer the client to a physician for possible
Correct Answer
A. Rotator cuff tear
Explanation
The client's symptoms of pain, limited abduction, and muscle weakness suggest a possible rotator cuff tear. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, and a tear in this area can cause these symptoms. The nurse plans to refer the client to a physician for further evaluation and possible treatment of the rotator cuff tear.
26.
While assessing an older adult client, the client complains of chronic pain and severe limitation of all shoulder movements. the nurse should refer the client to a physician for possible?
Correct Answer
C. Calcified tendinitis
Explanation
The client's complaint of chronic pain and severe limitation of all shoulder movements suggests a possible diagnosis of calcified tendinitis. Calcified tendinitis occurs when calcium deposits build up in the tendons, causing inflammation and pain. This condition commonly affects the shoulder and can lead to restricted movement. Referring the client to a physician will allow for further evaluation and appropriate treatment options to alleviate the symptoms.
27.
The nurse is examining an adult clients range of motion in the shoulders, the clinet is unable to shrug her shouldrs against resistance. The nurse suspects that the client has a lesion of cranial nerve?
Correct Answer
D. XI
Explanation
The nurse suspects that the client has a lesion of cranial nerve XI. Cranial nerve XI, also known as the accessory nerve, innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, which are responsible for shoulder shrugging. If the client is unable to shrug her shoulders against resistance, it suggests a dysfunction or lesion of the accessory nerve.
28.
While assessing the elbow of an adult client, the client complains of pain and swelling. The nurse should further assess the client for?
Correct Answer
A. Arthritis
Explanation
The client's complaint of pain and swelling in the elbow suggests inflammation, which is a common symptom of arthritis. Arthritis is a condition that causes joint pain and stiffness, and it can affect any joint in the body, including the elbow. Therefore, further assessment for arthritis is necessary to determine the cause of the client's symptoms and provide appropriate treatment.
29.
While reviewing a clients chart before seeing the clinet for the first time, the nurse notes that the client has a diagnosis of Dupuytrens contracture. the nurse anticipates that the client will exhibit?
Correct Answer
D. Inability to extend the ring and lil finger
Explanation
Dupuytren's contracture is a condition that affects the hand, specifically the fingers. It causes the tissue beneath the skin of the palm to thicken and form nodules, which eventually develop into cords that can pull the fingers towards the palm. This results in an inability to fully extend the affected fingers, particularly the ring and little finger. Therefore, the correct answer is "inability to extend the ring and lil finger."
30.
While assessing musculoskeletal system of an adult client, the nurse observes hard painless nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints. the nurse should document the presence of?
Correct Answer
A. Osteoarthritis
Explanation
The presence of hard painless nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints is indicative of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that commonly affects the hands and fingers. The nodules, known as Heberden's nodes, are a characteristic feature of osteoarthritis and develop due to the breakdown of cartilage in the joints. Bursitis and tendonitis typically present with pain, swelling, and tenderness, while rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by symmetrical joint involvement and systemic symptoms. Therefore, osteoarthritis is the most appropriate diagnosis based on the given information.
31.
A client visits the clinic and complains of wrist pain, To perform the phalens test the nurse should ask the client to
Correct Answer
D. Place the backs of both hands against each other
Explanation
The correct answer is to place the backs of both hands against each other. The Phalen's test is used to assess for carpal tunnel syndrome. In this test, the client is asked to press the backs of their hands together and hold the position for 1 minute. If the client experiences numbness, tingling, or pain in the fingers or hand during this time, it may indicate compression of the median nerve, which is a characteristic symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome. This test helps in diagnosing the condition and determining the appropriate treatment.
32.
While assessing an adult client, the nurse test the client for Tinels sign. the nurse shoul instruct the client that numbness or tingling may indicate
Correct Answer
B. Carpal tunnel
Explanation
When assessing an adult client, the nurse tests for Tinel's sign, which is a physical examination technique used to assess for carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, becomes compressed or irritated. Numbness or tingling in the hand and fingers is a common symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome. Therefore, if the nurse detects numbness or tingling during the Tinel's sign test, it may indicate carpal tunnel syndrome.
33.
While assessing the musculoskeletal system of an adult client, the nurse detects tenderness, warmth and boggy consistency of the clients knee. The nurse should refer the client to a physician for possible?
Correct Answer
D. Synovitis
Explanation
The nurse should refer the client to a physician for possible synovitis. Synovitis is the inflammation of the synovial membrane, which lines the joints. The presence of tenderness, warmth, and boggy consistency in the client's knee are indicative of synovitis. It is important to refer the client to a physician for further evaluation and treatment as synovitis can be caused by various factors such as infection, rheumatoid arthritis, or injury.
34.
A client visits the clinic and complains of pain in his knees, the nurse explains that a ballottement test will be performed. TO perform the ballottement test the nurse should?
Correct Answer
A. Place left thumb and index finger on either side of the patella
Explanation
The correct answer is to place the left thumb and index finger on either side of the patella. This is because the ballottement test involves applying pressure to the patella to check for fluid accumulation in the knee joint. By placing the thumb and index finger on either side of the patella, the nurse can effectively perform the test and assess for any abnormal fluid movement or "floating" of the patella.
35.
While assessing an older adult client, the nurse notes decreased range of motion and crepitation as the client tries to bed his knee to his chest, the nurse determines that the client is most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer
C. Osteoarthritis
Explanation
The nurse notes decreased range of motion and crepitation as the client tries to bend his knee to his chest, which are common symptoms of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that commonly affects older adults. It is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. The presence of these symptoms suggests that the client is most likely experiencing osteoarthritis.
36.
A client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that ater playing softball yesterday, he thinks his knee is locking up. the nurse should perform McMuraays test by asking the client to?
Correct Answer
D. Flex the knee and hip while in a supine position
Explanation
The nurse should perform McMurray's test by asking the client to flex the knee and hip while in a supine position. McMurray's test is used to assess for a meniscal tear in the knee joint. By flexing the knee and hip while in a supine position, the nurse can assess for any clicking, popping, or locking of the knee joint, which may indicate a meniscal tear. Moving from a standing to a squatting position, raising the leg while in a supine position, or bending forward while trying to touch the toes would not specifically assess for a meniscal tear.
37.
While assessing the feet of an adult client, the nurse notes that the clients great toes are deviated, with overlapping of the second toes. The client states that there is pain on the medial side. The nurse refer the client to a physician for possible?>
Correct Answer
A. Hallux valgus
Explanation
Hallux valgus is a condition characterized by the deviation of the great toe towards the other toes, causing it to overlap the second toe. This condition is often accompanied by pain on the medial side of the foot. Therefore, the nurse refers the client to a physician for possible hallux valgus, as it aligns with the client's symptoms and presentation. Pes planus refers to flat feet, pes cavus refers to high arches, and verruca vulgaris refers to a common wart, none of which are consistent with the client's symptoms.
38.
While reviewing a clients chart before seeing the client for the first time, the nurse notes that the client has a diagnosis of pes planus, the nurse anticipates that the client has?
Correct Answer
D. Flat feet
Explanation
The nurse anticipates that the client has flat feet based on the diagnosis of pes planus. Pes planus, also known as flat feet, is a condition where the arches of the feet are flattened, causing the entire sole of the foot to touch the ground. This can lead to various symptoms such as pain, discomfort, and difficulty in walking or standing for long periods. Therefore, the correct answer is flat feet.
39.
While assessing the feet of an older adult client the nurse observes that the metatarsophalangeal joint tot he clients toe is tender , reddened and painful. The nurse should refer the client to a physican for possible
Correct Answer
D. Gouty arthritis
Explanation
The nurse should refer the client to a physician for possible gouty arthritis because the symptoms described (tenderness, redness, and pain in the metatarsophalangeal joint) are commonly associated with gout. Gout is a form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and severe pain. It often affects the big toe joint, which matches the location described in the question. Referring the client to a physician is important for proper diagnosis and management of gouty arthritis.
40.
While assessing the feet of an adult client, the nurse observes hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint with flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint on the clients second toes. The nurse should refer client to a physician for possible?
Correct Answer
A. Hammer toe
Explanation
The nurse should refer the client to a physician for possible hammer toe. Hammer toe is a condition where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, causing it to resemble a hammer. In this case, the nurse observed hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint with flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint on the client's second toes, which is indicative of hammer toe. Referring the client to a physician will allow for further evaluation and appropriate treatment if necessary.
41.
While assessing the feet of an adult client, the nurse observes tiny dark spots under a painful callus on the clients foot. the nurse should document the prescence of ?
Correct Answer
C. Plantar warts
Explanation
The nurse should document the presence of plantar warts. Plantar warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and appear as tiny dark spots under a callus on the foot. They can be painful and are commonly found on the soles of the feet. Unlike corns, bunions, and gouty arthritis, plantar warts are caused by a viral infection and have distinct characteristics.