Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

Complementary Metal Optical System

Capacitive Metal On Semiconductor

Capacitive Memory Oriented Semiconductor

Check all that apply with respect to a circuit where the input is AC that goes to a resistor that connects to a capacitor which is the circuit output and the other end of the capacitor is tied to ground.

The circuit represents a low pass filter from input to output

The phase relationship between the output to input is that the output phase voltage lags the input voltage phase.

The phase relationship between the output to input is that the output phase voltage leads the input voltage phase.

The output is a half-wave rectified input.

Basic Electronics Quiz.

1.

An electronic component that resists changes in current by inducing voltage to maintain that current is an example of what component?
- A.
  
  A Capacitor
- B.
  
  A Resistor
- C.
  
  An Inductor
- D.
  
  A transistor
- E.
  
  A Diode
Correct Answer
C. An Inductor

Explanation
The word Inductor comes from the verb to induce. A voltage is induced in an inductor. They are often used in AC circuits where a voltage is boosted to a higher or lower level levels.

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2.

A diode that has 5 volts connected to the Anode and 0 volts or a ground connection to the cathode is an example of a reverse biased diode.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
A diode is a semiconductor made by joining a p-type to an n-type region of silicon. The anode end of a diode is connected to the p-type material and here p stands for positive. The cathode is connected to the n-type material (negative type). Remember ABC ... Anode Before Cathode when going from p-type to n-type.

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3.

In a diode or BJT (bipolar junction transistor) a large depletion region is associated with a reverse biased diode or reverse biased junction.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
In a diode or BJT, holes and electrons form along opposite edges of a PN junction. There is a depletion region at the PN junction where neither can cross over. Think of a border between neighboring coutries where there is sever animosity. They might have a no-man zone between them. This could be though of as a depletion region. As the forward bias voltage gets larger the depletion region gets smaller (the two countries get more friendly) so electrons can jump across the barrier. As the forward bias voltage goes lower that same depletion region grows and when bias voltage is less than zero volts or reverse biased the depletion region gets even larger allowing no current to flow. The diode blocks current in one direction and allows current in the forward direction (when depletion region is small).

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4.

CMOS stands for.
- A.
  
  Complementary Metal Optical System
- B.
  
  Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- C.
  
  Capacitive Metal On Semiconductor
- D.
  
  Capacitive Memory Oriented Semiconductor
Correct Answer
B. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

Explanation
CMOS is made fom MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) devices that are of two flavors PMOS and NMOS which are used in complementary fashion such that PMOS devices will only try to pull the logic output high at the same time that NMOS device are not actively trying to pull the outputs low. This is what is meant by the devices being complementary.

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5.

Zener Diodes have a negative breakdown voltage that will allow current to pass through the reverse biased diode when it reaches the breakdown voltage.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The symbol for a zener diode is the same as a regular diode with a triangle pointing from anode to cathode and a line at the bottom of the cathode indicating that no current can flow from cathode to anode except that the cathode marking line at the bottom of the zener diode symbol shows knees in it which remind of the knee in the IV plot (curret vs voltage ) at which the breakdown voltage reverse conduction current occurs.

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6.

A small ceramic capacitor with the marking 104 would indicate what capacitance value.
- A.
  
  .01uF
- B.
  
  10nF
- C.
  
  27uF
- D.
  
  0.1uF
Correct Answer
D. 0.1uF

Explanation
The value in picofarads (E^-12 Farads) corresponds to 1 followed by 0 followed by 4 zeros or 100,000 picofarads or 0.1uF where a uF is E^-6 Farads.

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7.

A quarter watt resister that is 100 ohms in value would have ______ dc volts max voltage across it to not burn up the resistor.

Correct Answer
5

Explanation
Power = I(current) * V (voltage) and I is V/(R=100 ohms) so: P = 25/100 watts or V^2 = 25 so V = sqrt(25) = 5

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4
8.

Check all that apply with respect to a circuit where the input is AC that goes to a resistor that connects to a capacitor which is the circuit output and the other end of the capacitor is tied to ground.
- A.
  
  The circuit represents a low pass filter from input to output
- B.
  
  The phase relationship between the output to input is that the output phase voltage leads the input voltage phase.
- C.
  
  The phase relationship between the output to input is that the output phase voltage lags the input voltage phase.
- D.
  
  The output is a half-wave rectified input.
Correct Answer(s)
A. The circuit represents a low pass filter from input to output
C. The phase relationship between the output to input is that the output phase voltage lags the input voltage phase.

Explanation
The capacitor has an impedance (ac resistance) proportional to 1/frequency so that higher frequencies pass very easily. Therefore the circuit will shunt high frequencies to ground and pass lower frequencies. Therefore that circuit is a low pass filter. Remember ELI the ICE man, EMF(voltage) leads current in inductor and curent leads EMF in a capacitive circuit. Therefore a resistor has current and voltage in phase. But voltage across the capacitor lags the current through it So lags is correct. Capacitors do not rectify (cause an AC circuit to pass only DC).

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9.

A resistor with color bands 'brown' 'black' 'oranage' 'gold' represents what values of resistance and tolerance.
- A.
  
  100 ohm +- 10%
- B.
  
  1K ohm +- 10%
- C.
  
  10k ohm +- 5 %
- D.
  
  100k ohm +- 10%
Correct Answer
C. 10k ohm +- 5 %

Explanation
Remember Color code: 'Bad=0 Boys=1 Ravish=2 Our=3 Young=4 Girls=5 But=6 Violets=7 Give=8 Willingly=9' where Bad=black Boys =brown Ravish=red Our=Orange Young=yellow Girls=green But=blue Violets=purple Give=gray Willingly=white. So 'brown' 'black' 'orange' is '1' '0' '000' or 10k and gold is 5% tolerance. Incidentally silver is 10% tolerance

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10.

Examples of components that typically have polarity are:
- A.
  
  A ceramic disk capacitor
- B.
  
  A resistor
- C.
  
  A diode
- D.
  
  An electrolytic capacitor
- E.
  
  A tantalum capacitor
Correct Answer(s)
C. A diode
D. An electrolytic capacitor
E. A tantalum capacitor

Explanation
A resistor excluding variable resistors do not have any orientation so no polarity the reistance is the same no matter the direction of current. A diode has polarity for sure with the positive end is the anode and the negative end is the cathode. Diodes block current going from cathode to anode so they must be installed correctly. An electrolytic 'can' has a symbol indicating whech lead needs to be grounded. They can explode if not installed properly. A tantalum usually has a bar or + printed on its side indicating the positive side.

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Basic Electronics Quiz.

An electronic component that resists changes in current by inducing voltage to maintain that current is an example of what component?

A diode that has 5 volts connected to the Anode and 0 volts or a ground connection to the cathode is an example of a reverse biased diode.

In a diode or BJT (bipolar junction transistor) a large depletion region is associated with a reverse biased diode or reverse biased junction.

CMOS stands for.

Zener Diodes have a negative breakdown voltage that will allow current to pass through the reverse biased diode when it reaches the breakdown voltage.

A small ceramic capacitor with the marking 104 would indicate what capacitance value.

A quarter watt resister that is 100 ohms in value would have ______ dc volts max voltage across it to not burn up the resistor.

Check all that apply with respect to a circuit where the input is AC that goes to a resistor that connects to a capacitor which is the circuit output and the other end of the capacitor is tied to ground.

A resistor with color bands 'brown' 'black' 'oranage' 'gold' represents what values of resistance and tolerance.

Examples of components that typically have polarity are: