Simulated Examination For Gulf Pharmacology 1
This is a Simulated Examination for Gulf Pharmacology Practice Examinations taken from Last Month's HAAD Feedbacks.
This examination contains 100 of the most UPDATED EXAMS from Abu Dhabi, KSA, and UAE.
Take this examination for 120 minutes. You need to get 86% to pass the HAAD. 60% to pass MOH, DHA, or Prometrics.
Please text 0919-286-29-29 in the Philippines or visit our website www. Pharmaol. Weebly. Com THIS IS YOUR ASSESSMENT FOR ANY GULF Pharmacology EXAMINATIONS INCLUDING HAAD, SAUDI PROMETRICS, DUBAI DHA, AND UAE MOH. THE QUESTIONS HERE ARE TAKEN FROM THIS ACTUAL EXAMINATIONS, SO Read morePASSING THIS ASSESSMENT EXAM WILL GIVE YOU A HIGH PROBABILITY OF PASSING THE SAID EXAMINATIONS
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The fat soluble vitamins include all except:
- A.
Vitamin C
- B.
Vitamin A
- C.
Vitamin D
- D.
Vitamin E
Correct Answer
A. Vitamin CExplanation
The question is asking for the fat-soluble vitamins that are not included in the list. Vitamin C is not a fat-soluble vitamin, so it is the correct answer. Fat-soluble vitamins are those that dissolve in fats and oils, and are stored in the body's fatty tissues. Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E are all fat-soluble vitamins.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Belladona drugs are used as antispasmodics and the prototype is:
- A.
Atropine
- B.
Norepinephrine
- C.
Epinephrine
- D.
Thorazine
Correct Answer
A. AtropineExplanation
Belladonna drugs, such as atropine, are used as antispasmodics. Atropine is the prototype of belladonna drugs, meaning it is the representative example or the standard by which other drugs in the same class are compared. Atropine works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is responsible for muscle contractions. By doing so, it helps to relax smooth muscles and relieve spasms in various parts of the body.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Amikacin is the synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to :
- A.
Kanamycin
- B.
Keflin
- C.
Gentamicin
- D.
Chloramphenicol
Correct Answer
A. KanamycinExplanation
Amikacin is a synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is similar in structure to kanamycin. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that work by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. Kanamycin is also an aminoglycoside antibiotic, and both drugs have a similar structure, allowing them to have similar mechanisms of action and effectiveness against certain types of bacteria. Therefore, kanamycin is the most appropriate answer as it is the antibiotic that is structurally similar to amikacin.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The following CNS depressants are anti-nauseants except:
- A.
Simethicone
- B.
Trilafon
- C.
Thorazine
- D.
Compazine
Correct Answer
A. SimethiconeExplanation
Simethicone is not a CNS depressant and is not used as an anti-nauseant. It is actually an anti-foaming agent that is used to relieve symptoms of excess gas in the digestive system. Trilafon, Thorazine, and Compazine, on the other hand, are all CNS depressants that can be used as anti-nauseants.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Blood ammonia reduction is the primary aim of treatment with:
- A.
Niacin
- B.
Magnesium Hydroxide
- C.
Galactose
- D.
Lactulose
Correct Answer
D. LactuloseExplanation
Lactulose (Galactose-Fructose). Patients with liver dz, have tendency to develop encephalopathy related to high ammonia levels Treated by this method.
1.PO delivery of Lactulose.
2.bacteria proliferate to acidify colon
3. colon acidity becomes greater than blood
4. ammonia (NH3) migrates into colon
5. ammonium ion (nh3 + acidity = NH4) prevents reabsorbtion
6. laxative given to expel ammonia.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Vitamin B12 is used in the treatment of:
- A.
Aplastic Anemia
- B.
Pernicious Anemia
- C.
BeriBeri
- D.
Night Blindness
Correct Answer
B. Pernicious AnemiaExplanation
Vitamin B12 is used in the treatment of pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is a condition where the body is unable to absorb enough vitamin B12 from the diet. This leads to a deficiency of vitamin B12, which is necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells. Supplementing with vitamin B12 helps to restore the levels of this vitamin in the body and improves the symptoms of pernicious anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Interference with purine and pyrimadine bases occure with:
- A.
Vitamins
- B.
Alkylating Agents
- C.
Antibiotics
- D.
Antimetabolites
Correct Answer
D. AntimetabolitesExplanation
Antimetabolites are a class of drugs that interfere with the normal functioning of purine and pyrimidine bases. These drugs mimic the structure of these bases and are incorporated into the DNA or RNA during replication or transcription, leading to the production of non-functional nucleic acids. This disruption in the synthesis of nucleic acids can inhibit cell division and growth, making antimetabolites effective in chemotherapy for cancer treatment.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Benadryl is an:
- A.
Antihistamine
- B.
Anti-nauseant
- C.
Alkylating Agent
- D.
Anti-anginal
Correct Answer
A. AntihistamineExplanation
Benadryl is classified as an antihistamine because it contains diphenhydramine, which is a medication that helps to relieve symptoms caused by allergies. Antihistamines work by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance produced by the body during an allergic reaction. This helps to reduce symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. Benadryl is commonly used to treat allergic reactions, hay fever, and symptoms of the common cold.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Streptomyces produces all of the following except:
- A.
Gentimicin
- B.
Erythromycin
- C.
Neomycin
- D.
Tobramycin
Correct Answer
A. GentimicinExplanation
"mycin" is from streptomyces. "micin" is from micromonosporaRate this question:
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- 10.
Diuril, Lasix, spironolactone are drugs used asÂ
- A.
Diuretics
- B.
Anti-diuretics
- C.
Decongestant
- D.
Anti-arrhythmic
Correct Answer
A. DiureticsExplanation
Diuril, Lasix, and spironolactone are drugs that are commonly used as diuretics. Diuretics are medications that increase the production of urine and promote the excretion of excess water and salt from the body. They are often prescribed to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, edema, and kidney problems. These drugs work by affecting the kidneys' ability to reabsorb water and electrolytes, leading to increased urine output. Therefore, the correct answer is diuretics.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The following are anti-biotics used as anti-neoplastic drugs EXCEPT:
- A.
Kanamycin
- B.
Mithramycin
- C.
Adriamycin
- D.
Bleomycin
Correct Answer
A. KanamycinExplanation
Kanamycin is not used as an anti-neoplastic drug. The other three options, Mithramycin, Adriamycin, and Bleomycin, are commonly used as anti-neoplastic drugs. Kanamycin, on the other hand, is primarily used as an antibiotic to treat bacterial infections.Rate this question:
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- 12.
All are common anti-hypertensive drugs except:
- A.
Aldactone
- B.
Aldomet
- C.
Diuril
- D.
Nitroglycerin
Correct Answer
D. NitroglycerinExplanation
Nitroglycerin is not a common anti-hypertensive drug. While the other options - Aldactone, Aldomet, and Diuril - are commonly used to treat hypertension, nitroglycerin is primarily used to relieve chest pain associated with angina or to prevent angina attacks. Nitroglycerin works by relaxing and widening blood vessels, which helps to improve blood flow to the heart. Therefore, it is not typically prescribed as a first-line treatment for hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The following belong to the Alkylating agent group EXCEPT:
- A.
BCNU
- B.
5FU
- C.
CCNU
- D.
Semustine
Correct Answer
B. 5FU -
- 14.
. All are minor tranquilizers or anti-anxiety drugs except:
- A.
Valium
- B.
Librium
- C.
Diazepam
- D.
Compazine
Correct Answer
D. CompazineExplanation
The correct answer is Compazine because it is not a minor tranquilizer or anti-anxiety drug. Valium, Librium, and Diazepam are all examples of minor tranquilizers or anti-anxiety drugs commonly used to treat anxiety and related disorders. Compazine, on the other hand, is an antipsychotic medication primarily used to treat severe nausea and vomiting, as well as certain mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Therefore, Compazine does not belong to the same category as the other options.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Vincristine and Vinblastine are?Â
- A.
Alkaloids
- B.
Other
Correct Answer
A. AlkaloidsExplanation
Vincristine and vinblastine are alkaloids. Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that are found in plants. They have diverse pharmacological properties and are often used in medicine for their therapeutic effects. Vincristine and vinblastine are derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant and are commonly used in the treatment of various types of cancer.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following inhibits ciliary activity?
- A.
Anti-Tussants
- B.
Other
Correct Answer
A. Anti-TussantsExplanation
Anti-tussants are medications that are used to suppress or relieve coughing. They work by inhibiting the cough reflex in the brain. Since ciliary activity is responsible for clearing mucus and foreign particles from the respiratory tract, inhibiting it can lead to a build-up of mucus and impaired clearance of the airways. Therefore, anti-tussants can inhibit ciliary activity.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Blockage occurs at the amino acid RNA to ribosome binding site with the antibiotic:
- A.
Chloramphenicol
- B.
Macrolides
- C.
Penicillins
- D.
Anti-metabolites
Correct Answer
A. ChloramphenicolExplanation
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that blocks the binding of amino acid RNA to the ribosome, preventing protein synthesis. This inhibition of protein synthesis leads to the death of bacteria. Macrolides, penicillins, and anti-metabolites do not specifically target the amino acid RNA to ribosome binding site, making chloramphenicol the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The following are bronchodilators EXCEPT:
- A.
Neosynephrine
- B.
Theophylline
- C.
Aminophylline
- D.
Epinepherine
Correct Answer
A. NeosynephrineExplanation
Neosynephrine is not a bronchodilator because it is a vasoconstrictor, meaning it constricts blood vessels rather than dilating the bronchial tubes. Bronchodilators are medications that relax and widen the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. Theophylline, aminophylline, and epinephrine are all examples of bronchodilators commonly used in the treatment of respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Rate this question:
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- 19.
The following are oral hypoglycemics used in the treatment of Adult Onset DM EXCEPT:
- A.
Iolinase
- B.
NPH Insulin
- C.
Orinase
- D.
Diabinase
Correct Answer
B. NPH InsulinExplanation
NPH Insulin is not an oral hypoglycemic medication. It is a type of insulin that is administered through injection. Oral hypoglycemics are medications that are taken by mouth to lower blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. Iolinase, Orinase, and Diabinase are all examples of oral hypoglycemics used in the treatment of Adult Onset DM.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The Cardiovascular drugs Digitalis, Digoxin and Digitoxin are all:
- A.
Beta Lactams
- B.
Anti-metabolites
- C.
Glycosides
- D.
Cholesterol Esters
Correct Answer
C. GlycosidesExplanation
Digitalis, Digoxin, and Digitoxin are all classified as glycosides. Glycosides are a type of organic compound that contain a sugar molecule bonded to a non-sugar molecule. In the case of these cardiovascular drugs, the sugar molecule is attached to a steroid nucleus. This structure allows them to have specific effects on the heart and cardiovascular system. Glycosides like Digitalis, Digoxin, and Digitoxin are commonly used to treat heart failure, as they help to increase the strength and efficiency of the heart's contractions.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The following anti-biotics are commonly used for anaerobic infections EXCEPT:
- A.
Pen Vee
- B.
Clindamycin
- C.
Chloramphenicol
- D.
Carbenicillin
Correct Answer
A. Pen VeeExplanation
Pen Vee is not commonly used for anaerobic infections. The other three antibiotics listed (Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, and Carbenicillin) are commonly used for anaerobic infections.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Anti-neoplastic agents include alkylating agents, plant alkaloids, anti-biotics and:
- A.
Tranquilizzers
- B.
Diuretics
- C.
Vitamins
- D.
Hormones
Correct Answer
D. HormonesExplanation
Hormones are included in the category of anti-neoplastic agents because they can be used to treat certain types of cancer. Hormone therapy is a common treatment option for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and prostate cancer. These hormones can help slow or stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking the effects of certain hormones or by lowering hormone levels in the body. Therefore, including hormones in the category of anti-neoplastic agents is logical and appropriate.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Inderal , Insuprel, Lidocaine, Pronestyl, and Quinidine are all:
- A.
Anti - Neoplastics
- B.
Anti-anginals
- C.
Anti-arrhythmics
- D.
Hypertensives
Correct Answer
C. Anti-arrhythmicsExplanation
The drugs Inderal, Insuprel, Lidocaine, Pronestyl, and Quinidine are all classified as anti-arrhythmics. This means that they are used to treat irregular heart rhythms or arrhythmias. These medications work by regulating the electrical signals in the heart, helping to restore a normal heart rhythm. They are commonly prescribed for conditions such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and ventricular tachycardia. By classifying these drugs as anti-arrhythmics, it suggests that they are specifically designed to target and treat heart rhythm abnormalities.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In 1922 insulin was isolated by :
- A.
Bluebird
- B.
Coon
- C.
Banting
- D.
Ehlirch
Correct Answer
C. BantingExplanation
In 1922, insulin was isolated by Banting. Banting, along with his research assistant Charles Best, conducted experiments to extract insulin from the pancreas of dogs. They successfully isolated and purified the insulin hormone, which later became a life-saving treatment for diabetes. Banting's discovery revolutionized the field of medicine and led to the development of insulin therapy for diabetic patients.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The polypeptide anti-biotic is :
- A.
Tetracycline
- B.
Bacitracin
- C.
Ampicillin
- D.
Gentamicin
Correct Answer
B. BacitracinExplanation
Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic that is commonly used to treat bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a key component of bacterial cell walls. This disruption weakens the cell wall, leading to the death of the bacteria. Bacitracin is primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria and is commonly used topically to treat skin infections. It is not effective against gram-negative bacteria due to their outer membrane structure.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Glycosides are composed of steroid nucleus, a lactose ring and :
- A.
Vitamin
- B.
Sugar
- C.
Metal
- D.
Fatty Acid
Correct Answer
B. SugarExplanation
lactose is a sugar, but i guess it needs another sugar??Rate this question:
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- 27.
All are common alkylating agents except?
- A.
Busulfan
- B.
Methotrexate
- C.
Nitrogen Mustard
- D.
Chlorambucil
Correct Answer
B. MethotrexateExplanation
Methotrexate is not considered a common alkylating agent. It is actually a folate antagonist that works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is necessary for the synthesis of DNA. Alkylating agents, on the other hand, work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, which can lead to DNA damage and cell death. Therefore, Methotrexate is the correct answer as it does not function as an alkylating agent.Rate this question:
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- 28.
All are anticoagulants except?
- A.
Heparin
- B.
Coumadin
- C.
Warfarin
- D.
Lidocaine
Correct Answer
D. LidocaineExplanation
Lidocaine is not an anticoagulant. It is a local anesthetic that is used to numb an area of the body. Anticoagulants, on the other hand, are medications that prevent blood from clotting. Heparin, Coumadin, and Warfarin are all examples of anticoagulants commonly used to treat or prevent blood clots.Rate this question:
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- 29.
All of the following are sulfonamides except?
- A.
Bactrim
- B.
Sulfanilamide
- C.
Betadine
- D.
Gantrisin
Correct Answer
C. BetadineExplanation
Betadine is the correct answer because it is not a sulfonamide. Sulfonamides are a group of drugs that contain a sulfonamide functional group, which is responsible for their antibiotic properties. Bactrim, Sulfanilamide, and Gantrisin are all sulfonamides commonly used to treat bacterial infections. Betadine, on the other hand, is an antiseptic solution containing povidone-iodine, which is used to disinfect wounds and skin before surgery. While Betadine is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, it does not belong to the sulfonamide group.Rate this question:
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- 30.
A specific antagonist of aldersterone is :
- A.
Aldactone
- B.
Apresoline
- C.
Lanoxin
- D.
Androgen
Correct Answer
A. AldactoneExplanation
Aldactone is the correct answer because it is a specific antagonist of aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone that is involved in the regulation of salt and water balance in the body. Aldactone works by blocking the effects of aldosterone, thereby reducing the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys. This leads to increased excretion of sodium and water, and ultimately helps to reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure. Apresoline, Lanoxin, and Androgen are not specific antagonists of aldosterone and do not have the same mechanism of action as Aldactone.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The following aare the sedatives used in the treatment of neurosis, EXCEPT:
- A.
Compazine
- B.
Pentothal
- C.
Seconal
- D.
Phenobarbitol
Correct Answer
A. CompazineExplanation
Compazine is not used as a sedative in the treatment of neurosis. Compazine, also known as prochlorperazine, is an antiemetic and antipsychotic medication used to treat nausea, vomiting, and certain mental/mood disorders. It is not typically prescribed for sedation purposes in the treatment of neurosis.Rate this question:
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- 32.
PAS, INH, Ethambutol and Rifampin are commonly used in the treatment of:
- A.
E. coli
- B.
Treponema pallidum
- C.
Mycobacterium
- D.
Neisseria gonorrhea
Correct Answer
C. MycobacteriumExplanation
PAS, INH, Ethambutol, and Rifampin are commonly used in the treatment of Mycobacterium. This suggests that these drugs are effective in combating infections caused by Mycobacterium bacteria. It is important to note that each drug may have a different mechanism of action, but collectively they are used to target and eliminate Mycobacterium infections.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The sedative effects of traditional astihistamines is greatly increased when combined with which of the following?
- A.
Antibiotics
- B.
Antacids
- C.
Central nervous system
- D.
Foods containing tyramine
Correct Answer
C. Central nervous systemExplanation
When traditional antihistamines are combined with the central nervous system, their sedative effects are greatly increased. The central nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including sleep and wakefulness. By interacting with the central nervous system, antihistamines can have a more pronounced sedative effect, leading to increased drowsiness and potential impairment of cognitive and motor functions. This combination should be approached with caution, especially when engaging in activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Anticholinergic side effects on antithistamines include?
- A.
Dry mouth and nose
- B.
Urinary frequency
- C.
Insomnia
- D.
Anorexia
Correct Answer
A. Dry mouth and noseExplanation
Anticholinergic side effects are commonly associated with antihistamines. These side effects occur due to the inhibition of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for various bodily functions. Dry mouth and nose are typical anticholinergic side effects, as they result from reduced saliva and mucus production. Urinary frequency may not be directly caused by anticholinergic effects, and insomnia and anorexia are not commonly associated with antihistamines.Rate this question:
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- 35.
In addition to antiallegy symptoms, trimethobenzmide ( Tigan) is an antistamine that is often used to control?
- A.
Insomnia
- B.
Anorexia
- C.
Nausea
- D.
Anxiety
Correct Answer
C. NauseaExplanation
Trimethobenzamide (Tigan) is an antihistamine that is commonly used to control nausea. It works by blocking the signals in the brain that trigger vomiting and helps to alleviate symptoms of nausea and vomiting caused by various conditions such as chemotherapy, surgery, and gastrointestinal disorders. It does not have any direct effect on insomnia, anorexia, or anxiety. Therefore, the correct answer is nausea.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Patients who are unable to avoid certain antigens may be recommended to have immunotherapy, which is characterized by
- A.
Receiving injections of drugs that enhance the immune system
- B.
Having plasma to eliminate antigens from the blood
- C.
Recieving repeated introduction of small amounts of allergen
- D.
Receiving vaccines to prevent allergic reactions
Correct Answer
C. Recieving repeated introduction of small amounts of allergenExplanation
Patients who are unable to avoid certain antigens may be recommended to have immunotherapy. This involves receiving repeated introduction of small amounts of allergen. This approach aims to desensitize the immune system to the allergen by gradually exposing it to increasing doses over time. By doing so, the immune system becomes less reactive to the allergen, reducing or eliminating allergic reactions. This method has been found to be effective in managing allergies and improving quality of life for patients.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Side effects of antihistamines can be dangerous in which of the following situations?
- A.
In combinations with central nervous systems depressants like alcohol or sedatives
- B.
In the presence of chronic diseases like diabetes or hypothyroidism
- C.
Last trimester of prgnancy
- D.
Concomitant therapy with anibiotics
Correct Answer
A. In combinations with central nervous systems depressants like alcohol or sedativesExplanation
When antihistamines are combined with central nervous system depressants like alcohol or sedatives, it can lead to an increased sedative effect. This combination can cause excessive drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. It can also potentially lead to respiratory depression and even coma in severe cases. Therefore, it is important to avoid taking antihistamines with these substances to prevent dangerous side effects.Rate this question:
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- 38.
In adition to treating allergies, trimethobenzamide (Tigan) is also useful in treating which of the following?
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Nausea and vomiting
- C.
Headache
- D.
Syncope
Correct Answer
B. Nausea and vomitingExplanation
Trimethobenzamide (Tigan) is a medication commonly used to treat allergies, but it is also effective in treating nausea and vomiting. This drug works by blocking certain signals in the brain that trigger the vomiting reflex, making it a useful option for managing these symptoms. While trimethobenzamide does not have any direct effect on hypertension, headaches, or syncope, it can provide relief for individuals experiencing nausea and vomiting.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Long-acting antihistamines are useful in treating which of the following?
- A.
Anaphylaxis
- B.
Nausea and vomiting
- C.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis
- D.
Urticaria
Correct Answer
C. Seasonal allergic rhinitisExplanation
Long-acting antihistamines are useful in treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the nasal passages due to an allergic reaction to airborne allergens such as pollen. Antihistamines work by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction. Long-acting antihistamines provide relief from symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and a runny nose for an extended period of time, making them particularly effective in managing seasonal allergies. They are not typically used to treat anaphylaxis, nausea and vomiting, or urticaria.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which of the following antihistamines is useful in treating motion sickness?
- A.
Dimenthdrinate (Dramamine)
- B.
Chlorpheniramine (ChlorTrimeton)
- C.
Loratadine (Claritin)
- D.
Azelastine (Astelin)
Correct Answer
A. Dimenthdrinate (Dramamine)Explanation
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) is useful in treating motion sickness because it is an antihistamine that can block the action of histamine, a chemical released in the body during an allergic reaction or motion sickness. By blocking histamine, dimenhydrinate can help alleviate symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and vomiting associated with motion sickness. Chlorpheniramine (ChlorTrimeton), loratadine (Claritin), and azelastine (Astelin) are also antihistamines, but they are not specifically indicated for treating motion sickness.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Expectorants work by
- A.
Making the mucus thinner and promoting its expulsion
- B.
Suppressing cough
- C.
Suppressing respirations
- D.
Killing the bacteria that cause mucus productions
Correct Answer
A. Making the mucus thinner and promoting its expulsionExplanation
Expectorants work by making the mucus thinner and promoting its expulsion. This helps to loosen the mucus in the respiratory system, making it easier to cough up and clear from the lungs. By thinning the mucus, expectorants can help to relieve congestion and improve breathing. They do not suppress cough or respirations, nor do they kill bacteria that cause mucus production.Rate this question:
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- 42.
In patients with severe, chronic respiratory conditions, respiration is stimulated by
- A.
Increasing the flow rate of nasal oxygen
- B.
High blood carbon dioxide levels
- C.
High blood oxygen levels
- D.
Inflammation
Correct Answer
B. High blood carbon dioxide levelsExplanation
In patients with severe, chronic respiratory conditions, respiration is stimulated by high blood carbon dioxide levels. This is because high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood act as a powerful respiratory stimulant, triggering the body to breathe more frequently and deeply. This response helps to remove excess carbon dioxide from the body and maintain proper oxygen levels. Therefore, in these patients, the body's respiratory drive is primarily governed by the need to eliminate carbon dioxide rather than the level of oxygen in the blood.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Patient with pneumonia has intolerance to antibiotics. Which of the conbined sulfanilamide medicines should be prescribed to the patient?
- A.
Natrium sulfacyl
- B.
Aethazol
- C.
Biseptol
- D.
Streptocid
- E.
Sulfadimethoxine
Correct Answer
C. BiseptolExplanation
Biseptol should be prescribed to the patient with pneumonia who has intolerance to antibiotics. Biseptol is a combined sulfanilamide medicine that contains sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. It is commonly used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia. The combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, allowing the body's immune system to fight off the infection. Biseptol is effective against a wide range of bacteria and is often used as a first-line treatment for respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia.Rate this question:
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- 44.
A 45 years old man was Continious taking of a drug can result in osteoporosis, erosion of stomach mucous membrane, hypokaliemia, retention of sodium and water, reduced content of corticotropin in blood. Name this drug:
- A.
Hydrochlorothiazide
- B.
Prednisolone
- C.
Digoxin
- D.
Indometacin
- E.
Reserpine
Correct Answer
B. PrednisoloneExplanation
Prednisolone is the correct answer because it is a corticosteroid drug that can cause osteoporosis, erosion of the stomach mucous membrane, hypokalemia, retention of sodium and water, and reduced content of corticotropin in the blood. These side effects are commonly associated with long-term use of prednisolone.Rate this question:
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- 45.
A 4 year old child was admitted to the orthopaedic department with shin fracture together with displacement. Bone fragments reposition requires preliminary analgesia. What preparation should be chosen?
- A.
Naloxone
- B.
Panadol
- C.
Morphine hydrochloride
- D.
Analgin
- E.
Promedol
Correct Answer
E. PromedolExplanation
Promedol should be chosen as the preparation for repositioning the bone fragments in a 4-year-old child with shin fracture and displacement. Promedol is a strong analgesic medication that can provide effective pain relief during the procedure. Naloxone is used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose and is not appropriate in this situation. Panadol is a mild analgesic and may not provide sufficient pain relief for this procedure. Morphine hydrochloride is a potent opioid analgesic that may not be suitable for a young child. Analgin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that may not be strong enough to manage the pain during repositioning.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Examination of a patient revealed extremely myotic pupils, sleepiness, infrequent Chain-Stoke's respiration, urinary retention, slowing-down of heart rate, enhancement of spinal reflexes. What substance caused the poisoning?
- A.
Atropine
- B.
Morphine
- C.
Phosphacole
- D.
Caffeine
- E.
Barbital
Correct Answer
B. MorphineExplanation
The symptoms described in the question, such as extremely myotic pupils, sleepiness, infrequent Chain-Stoke's respiration, urinary retention, slowing-down of heart rate, and enhancement of spinal reflexes, are consistent with the effects of morphine poisoning. Atropine, on the other hand, would cause the opposite effects, such as dilated pupils and increased heart rate. Phosphacole, caffeine, and barbital do not typically cause these specific symptoms. Therefore, the substance that most likely caused the poisoning in this case is morphine.Rate this question:
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- 47.
What is the biological and engineering study of the relationship between human beings and machines?
- A.
Biotechnology
- B.
Genetic engineering
- C.
Pharmacopia
- D.
Bioassay
Correct Answer
A. BiotechnologyExplanation
Biotechnology is the correct answer because it refers to the study of the relationship between human beings and machines from both a biological and engineering perspective. It involves the application of biological and engineering principles to develop and improve technologies and products that benefit human health and well-being. This field encompasses a wide range of disciplines, such as genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, and bioassays, which all contribute to the understanding and advancement of the interaction between humans and machines.Rate this question:
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- 48.
What is a drug that has the potential for addiction and abuse?
- A.
Supplement
- B.
Narcotic
- C.
Controlled Substance
- D.
Bioassay
Correct Answer
C. Controlled SubstanceExplanation
A controlled substance is a drug that has the potential for addiction and abuse. These substances are regulated by the government due to their potential harmful effects and the risk of misuse. They are classified into different schedules based on their potential for abuse and accepted medical use. The classification helps to control their distribution and ensure that they are used safely and appropriately. Therefore, a controlled substance is the correct answer to the question as it fulfills the criteria of having the potential for addiction and abuse.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The process of determining the strength and quality of a drug by testing it on an animal or on an isolated organ.
- A.
Pharmacopiea
- B.
Bioassay
- C.
Supplement
- D.
Toxicology
Correct Answer
B. BioassayExplanation
Bioassay refers to the process of determining the strength and quality of a drug by testing it on an animal or on an isolated organ. This method helps to evaluate the biological activity of a substance and its effects on living organisms. It is commonly used in pharmacology and toxicology to assess the potency, efficacy, and safety of drugs. By conducting bioassays, researchers can gather valuable information about the therapeutic potential and potential side effects of a drug before it is tested on humans.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which is a type of drug source?
- A.
Plants
- B.
Animals
- C.
Minerals
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all of the above" because drugs can be derived from various sources including plants, animals, and minerals. Plants like opium poppy and cannabis are used to produce drugs such as morphine and marijuana. Animal sources like snake venom and horse urine are used in the production of certain drugs. Minerals like lithium and iron are used in the manufacturing of medications. Therefore, all three options mentioned - plants, animals, and minerals - are valid sources of drugs.Rate this question:
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