What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Genes, hydrogen bonds, and ribose

Graham DNA Test Review

1.

Which Scientists worked to build a DNA model?
- A.
  
  Watson and Crick
- B.
  
  Watson and Chargaff
- C.
  
  Gregor Mendel
- D.
  
  Chargaff and watson
Correct Answer
A. Watson and Crick

Explanation
Watson and Crick are the scientists who worked together to build a DNA model. They are credited with discovering the structure of DNA, which is a double helix. Their groundbreaking work in 1953 provided a detailed understanding of how DNA is organized and replicated, leading to significant advancements in the field of genetics and molecular biology.

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2.

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
- A.
  
  Adenine, sugar, hydrogen bond
- B.
  
  Sugar, base, and phosphate
- C.
  
  Sugar, phosphate, gene
- D.
  
  Genes, hydrogen bonds, and ribose
Correct Answer
B. Sugar, base, and phosphate

Explanation
The correct answer is "Sugar, base, and phosphate." A nucleotide is composed of three parts: a sugar molecule (either ribose or deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base (such as adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine), and a phosphate group. These three components make up the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA molecules. The sugar provides the backbone structure, the base determines the genetic information, and the phosphate group connects the nucleotides together through phosphodiester bonds.

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3.

The sides of the DNA “ladder” are made of
- A.
  
  Sugars and bases
- B.
  
  Sugars and phosphates
- C.
  
  Hydrogen bonds
- D.
  
  Sugars and hydrogen bonds
Correct Answer
B. Sugars and phosphates

Explanation
The sides of the DNA "ladder" are made of sugars and phosphates. The sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose, and it forms the backbone of the DNA molecule. The phosphate group is attached to the sugar, creating a sugar-phosphate backbone. This backbone provides structural stability to the DNA molecule. The bases, which include adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, are attached to the sugar molecules and form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder through hydrogen bonds. However, the question specifically asks about the sides of the DNA ladder, which are composed of sugars and phosphates.

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4.

The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are
- A.
  
  Sugars
- B.
  
  Ribose
- C.
  
  Pairs of nitrogen bases
- D.
  
  Phosphates
Correct Answer
C. Pairs of nitrogen bases

Explanation
The "rungs" of the DNA ladder refer to the base pairs that hold the two strands of DNA together. These base pairs consist of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). These base pairs are essential for the structure and function of DNA, as they provide the genetic code that determines the traits and characteristics of an organism. Therefore, the correct answer is pairs of nitrogen bases.

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5.

To be copied, a DNA molecule splits
- A.
  
  Down the middle between bases
- B.
  
  Between nucleotides
- C.
  
  Halfway
- D.
  
  Between phosphates
Correct Answer
A. Down the middle between bases

Explanation
When a DNA molecule is copied, it undergoes a process called DNA replication. During replication, the two strands of the DNA molecule separate, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. The splitting of the DNA molecule occurs down the middle between the bases, which are the nitrogenous molecules that make up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder. This splitting allows for the formation of two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

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6.

DNA is made of subunits called what?
- A.
  
  Genes
- B.
  
  Nucleotides
- C.
  
  Alleles
- D.
  
  Chromosomes
Correct Answer
B. Nucleotides

Explanation
DNA is made up of subunits called nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. These nucleotides join together through covalent bonds to form the DNA molecule. Genes, alleles, and chromosomes are all related to DNA but are not the subunits that make up DNA itself. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins, alleles are different versions of a gene, and chromosomes are structures that contain DNA and are found in the nucleus of a cell.

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7.

A planarian is a flatworm that can pull itself apart into two pieces. Each piece will then grow to form identical flatworms. What type of asexual reproduction is this?
- A.
  
  Binary Fission
- B.
  
  Regeneration
- C.
  
  Budding
- D.
  
  Fertilization
Correct Answer
B. Regeneration

Explanation
Regeneration is the correct answer because the process described in the question involves a planarian breaking apart into two pieces and each piece growing to form identical flatworms. This is an example of regeneration, where an organism can regrow lost or damaged body parts and form new individuals.

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8.

Which of the following types of reproduction is most likely to result in a rapid growth in population?
- A.
  
  Asexual
- B.
  
  Sexual
- C.
  
  Both Asexual and Sexual
- D.
  
  Neither Sexual or Asexual
Correct Answer
A. Asexual

Explanation
Asexual reproduction is most likely to result in a rapid growth in population because it does not require the involvement of two individuals for reproduction. In asexual reproduction, a single organism can produce offspring that are genetically identical to itself. This means that each offspring has the potential to reproduce, leading to exponential population growth. In contrast, sexual reproduction requires the fusion of gametes from two individuals, resulting in fewer offspring and a slower population growth rate.

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9.

What type of cell undergoes meiosis?
- A.
  
  Body(Somatic) Cells
- B.
  
  Gametes(sex) Cells
- C.
  
  Both Somatic and Gametes
- D.
  
  Only human cells
Correct Answer
B. Gametes(sex) Cells

Explanation
Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in gametes, which are the sex cells (sperm and egg cells) responsible for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes in the cell is halved, resulting in genetic variation. Body (somatic) cells, on the other hand, undergo mitosis, a type of cell division that produces identical copies of cells for growth and repair. Therefore, the correct answer is Gametes (sex) Cells.

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10.

At the end of Meiosis, there are
- A.
  
  2 diploid cells
- B.
  
  2 haploid cells
- C.
  
  4 haploid cells
- D.
  
  4 diploid cells
Correct Answer
C. 4 haploid cells

Explanation
Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms to produce gametes. During meiosis, the cell undergoes two rounds of division, resulting in the formation of four daughter cells. These daughter cells are haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, the correct answer is 4 haploid cells.

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Graham DNA Test Review

Which Scientists worked to build a DNA model?

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

The sides of the DNA “ladder” are made of

The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are

To be copied, a DNA molecule splits

DNA is made of subunits called what?

A planarian is a flatworm that can pull itself apart into two pieces. Each piece will then grow to form identical flatworms. What type of asexual reproduction is this?

Which of the following types of reproduction is most likely to result in a rapid growth in population?

What type of cell undergoes meiosis?

At the end of Meiosis, there are