Eye, Ear, Taste, Smell Exam, Dr Mohammed Abdel Gawad
12 MCQs
13 min
- 1.
which of the following has the highest refractive power:
- A.
A- Cornea
- B.
B- Aqueous
- C.
C- Lens removed from eye to air
- D.
D- Vitreous humor
Correct Answer
C. C- Lens removed from eye to airExplanation
The lens removed from the eye to air has the highest refractive power because when the lens is in the eye, it helps to focus light onto the retina for clear vision. However, when the lens is removed from the eye and placed in air, the refractive power increases because there is a larger difference in refractive indices between the lens and air compared to the other options. This increased refractive power allows the lens to bend light more effectively, resulting in a stronger focusing ability.Rate this question:
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- 2.
contraction of ciliary muscle is responsible for which part of near response:
- A.
A- Accommodation
- B.
B- Miosis
- C.
C- Convergence
- D.
D- All of the above
Correct Answer
A. A- AccommodationExplanation
The contraction of the ciliary muscle is responsible for the part of the near response known as accommodation. Accommodation refers to the ability of the eye to adjust its focus on near objects by changing the shape of the lens. When the ciliary muscle contracts, it causes the lens to become more rounded, increasing its refractive power and allowing for clear vision of nearby objects. Miosis refers to the constriction of the pupil, which is not directly controlled by the ciliary muscle. Convergence, on the other hand, refers to the inward movement of the eyes when focusing on a nearby object, which is also not directly controlled by the ciliary muscle. Therefore, the correct answer is a- Accommodation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
which of the following part of accommodation pathway is responsible for convergence:
- A.
A- Edinger westphal nucleus
- B.
B- Sphincter papillae muscle
- C.
C- Frontal eye filed
- D.
D- None of the above
Correct Answer
A. A- Edinger westphal nucleusExplanation
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus is responsible for convergence. Convergence is the ability of the eyes to move medially towards each other in order to focus on a near object. The Edinger-Westphal nucleus is a part of the oculomotor nerve pathway and controls the movement of the muscles that cause convergence.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Argyl Robertson pupil is due to lesion of:
- A.
A- Tectonuclear tract
- B.
B- Corticonuclear tract
- C.
C- Optic radition
- D.
D- None of the above
Correct Answer
A. A- Tectonuclear tractExplanation
The Argyl Robertson pupil is a condition characterized by abnormal pupillary response to light, where the pupil constricts when focusing on near objects but does not react to light. This condition is typically seen in patients with neurosyphilis or other neurologic diseases. The tectonuclear tract is responsible for coordinating the movement of the eyes in response to visual stimuli. Therefore, a lesion in the tectonuclear tract would disrupt the normal pupillary response, leading to the Argyl Robertson pupil.Rate this question:
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- 5.
which of the following has the highest sensitivity to light:
- A.
A- Fovea centralis
- B.
B- Macula lata
- C.
C- Retinal peripheries
- D.
D- None of the above
Correct Answer
C. C- Retinal peripheriesExplanation
The retinal peripheries have the highest sensitivity to light because they contain a higher concentration of rod cells, which are responsible for low-light and peripheral vision. The fovea centralis, on the other hand, contains a higher concentration of cone cells, which are responsible for color and detailed vision but have lower sensitivity to light. The macula lata refers to a broader area of the retina and does not specifically indicate a higher sensitivity to light. Therefore, the correct answer is c- Retinal peripheries.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Night blindness is due to:
- A.
A- Increase in level of vit A
- B.
B- Cones hypersensitivity to light
- C.
C- Decreased retinal level in eye
- D.
D- Normal pigmented layer
Correct Answer
C. C- Decreased retinal level in eyeExplanation
Night blindness is a condition characterized by difficulty seeing in low light or darkness. The correct answer, c- Decreased retinal level in eye, suggests that night blindness is caused by a decreased level of retinal in the eye. Retinal is a molecule that is essential for the functioning of the photoreceptor cells in the retina, which are responsible for detecting light. When the level of retinal is decreased, the photoreceptor cells are unable to properly respond to light, resulting in impaired vision in low light conditions.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following is true regarding rods:
- A.
A- Na channels of outer segment are closed at the same time of increase level of active transducin
- B.
B- Depolarization occurs at the same time of the activity of phosphodiesterase enzyme
- C.
C- The receptor is active at depolarized -40mv
- D.
D- None of the above
Correct Answer
A. A- Na channels of outer segment are closed at the same time of increase level of active transducinExplanation
The correct answer is a- Na channels of outer segment are closed at the same time of increase level of active transducin. This means that when the level of active transducin increases, the sodium channels in the outer segment of the rod cells are closed. This is an important step in the process of phototransduction, where light signals are converted into electrical signals in the retina. The closure of the sodium channels helps to maintain the resting potential of the rod cell and allows for the transmission of the electrical signal to the bipolar cells and eventually to the optic nerve.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Active rhodopsin is:
- A.
A- Scotopsin
- B.
B- 11 cis retial
- C.
C- Metarhodopsin II
- D.
D- None of the above
Correct Answer
C. C- Metarhodopsin IIExplanation
Metarhodopsin II is the correct answer because it is the active form of rhodopsin. Rhodopsin is a pigment found in the rods of the retina that is responsible for vision in low light conditions. When rhodopsin absorbs light, it undergoes a series of chemical reactions, ultimately leading to the formation of metarhodopsin II. Metarhodopsin II is the activated form of rhodopsin that triggers a signal cascade, leading to the transmission of visual information to the brain. Scotopsin and 11 cis retinal are not the active forms of rhodopsin.Rate this question:
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- 9.
which of the following is true regarding pitch analysis by inner ear:
- A.
A- High pitched sounds generate waves that reach maximum height near apex of the cochlea
- B.
B- Low pitched sounds generate waves that reach maximum height near base of the cochlea
- C.
C- High pitched sounds generates more impulses through afferent nerve
- D.
D- Low pitched sounds stimulates the tall thin fibers of the basilar membrane
Correct Answer
D. D- Low pitched sounds stimulates the tall thin fibers of the basilar membraneExplanation
Low pitched sounds stimulate the tall thin fibers of the basilar membrane. This is because the basilar membrane in the cochlea is tonotopically organized, meaning that different frequencies of sound activate different parts of the membrane. Low frequencies, which are associated with low pitched sounds, cause vibrations in the basilar membrane near its base, where the fibers are thinner and less stiff. This allows for the detection and analysis of low pitched sounds by the inner ear.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Regarding sound wave transduction, which of the following is true:
- A.
A- Depolarization of the nerve occurs with medial displacement of tectorial membrane
- B.
B- Depolarization of the nerve occurs with downwardl displacement of basilar membrane
- C.
C- Lateral movement of stereocilia and kinocilium causes opening of Na channels and depolarization
- D.
D- None of the above
Correct Answer
D. D- None of the above -
- 11.
Regarding taste sensation, which is true:
- A.
A- Taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of the tinge transmitted by glossopharyngeal nerve
- B.
B- Taste sensation from posterior 1/3 of the tinge transmitted by vagus nerve
- C.
C- Taste perception is characterized by high degree of specificity
- D.
D- None of the above
Correct Answer
D. D- None of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is d- None of the above. The question is asking for a true statement regarding taste sensation, but none of the options provided are correct. The taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is actually transmitted by the facial nerve, not the glossopharyngeal nerve. The taste sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is transmitted by the glossopharyngeal nerve, not the vagus nerve. Taste perception is not characterized by a high degree of specificity, as taste sensations can often be subjective and vary between individuals. Therefore, none of the given options are true.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Regarding smell sensation, which is true:
- A.
A- Olfactory transduction is due to depolarization secondary to potassium influx in the bipolar olfactory receptors
- B.
B- Thalamus relay is mandatory during the course of all branches of olfactory tracts
- C.
C- Olfactory glomerulus is the site of synapse between olfactory nerve axons with mitral & tufted cell bodies’ dendrites
- D.
D- None of the above
Correct Answer
C. C- Olfactory glomerulus is the site of synapse between olfactory nerve axons with mitral & tufted cell bodies’ dendritesExplanation
The olfactory glomerulus is indeed the site of synapse between olfactory nerve axons and mitral and tufted cell bodies' dendrites. This is where the information from the olfactory receptors is transmitted to the higher brain centers for processing and perception of smell. Olfactory transduction, on the other hand, is not due to depolarization secondary to potassium influx in the bipolar olfactory receptors. Thalamus relay is also not mandatory during the course of all branches of olfactory tracts. Therefore, option c is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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