Unit 1 Test Review - Organization Part 1
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The body of a living organism is one complex structure, which is made up of different parts organized into different parts and groups. Below, we look deeper into this classification of parts and structure in the body from the smallest and simplest parts. Brace yourself as unit 1 test review - organization part 1 is not as easy as it seems.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What does eukaryote mean? What does prokaryote mean?
- 2.
List the four bases found in DNA.
- 3.
Describe two ways DNA and RNA are different.
- 4.
Which structure is not part of a prokaryotic cell?
- A.
Chloroplast
- B.
Mitochondrion
- C.
Ribosome
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
D. NucleusExplanation
The nucleus is not part of a prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells are simple cells that lack a distinct nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Instead, their genetic material is located in the cytoplasm in a region called the nucleoid. In contrast, eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells, have a nucleus that houses the genetic material. Chloroplasts, mitochondria, and ribosomes, on the other hand, can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, mitochondria are involved in energy production, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Diagram A shows a cell. Which of the following statements is true about this cell?
- A.
It has mitochondria, making it a plant cell.
- B.
It has chloroplasts, making it an animal cell.
- C.
It does not have a vacuole, making it a plant cell.
- D.
It does not have a cell wall, making it an animal cell.
Correct Answer
D. It does not have a cell wall, making it an animal cell.Explanation
The diagram shows a cell without a cell wall. Cell walls are a distinguishing feature of plant cells, which provide structural support and protection. Animal cells do not have cell walls, so the absence of a cell wall in the diagram indicates that it is an animal cell.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Diagram B must be a ___________________ because it has _____________________.
- A.
Animal cell; ribosomes
- B.
Animal cell; a nucleus
- C.
Plant cell; a cell wall
- D.
Plant cell; mitochondria
Correct Answer
C. Plant cell; a cell wallExplanation
Diagram B must be a plant cell because it has a cell wall. Plant cells are characterized by the presence of a cell wall, which provides structural support and protection to the cell. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, but they do have ribosomes and a nucleus. Therefore, the presence of a cell wall in Diagram B indicates that it is a plant cell.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which describes the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
- A.
It helps during reproduction.
- B.
It helps regulate water content.
- C.
It plays a key role in photosynthesis.
- D.
It plays a key role in cellular respiration.
Correct Answer
B. It helps regulate water content.Explanation
The vacuole in plant cells helps regulate water content. Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores water and other substances. This vacuole helps maintain turgor pressure, which is important for the structural support of the plant. It also helps regulate the concentration of solutes within the cell, which affects osmosis and water movement. Additionally, the vacuole can store waste products and toxins, helping to protect the cell from damage. Therefore, the function of the vacuole in plant cells is to regulate water content and maintain cellular homeostasis.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The nucleus acts very similarly to a:
- A.
Secretary
- B.
Power plant
- C.
Supervisor
- D.
Factory floor
Correct Answer
C. SupervisorExplanation
The correct answer is supervisor because, like a supervisor, the nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell. It contains the genetic material and coordinates the cell's functions, similar to how a supervisor oversees and manages the work of employees in a workplace.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What organelle is shown and what is its primary function?
- A.
Chloroplast; capturing light energy
- B.
Mitochondrion; directing cell processes
- C.
Nucleus; releasing energy
- D.
Ribosome; making proteins
Correct Answer
B. Mitochondrion; directing cell processesExplanation
The correct answer is mitochondrion; directing cell processes. Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They play a crucial role in directing various cell processes by providing the necessary energy for cellular activities such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A ______________________ is the smallest unit of life.
Correct Answer
cellExplanation
A cell is the smallest unit of life because it is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Cells are capable of carrying out all the necessary processes for life, such as metabolism, reproduction, and response to stimuli. They contain genetic material, which allows them to pass on traits to the next generation. Cells also have specialized structures and organelles that perform specific functions, enabling them to carry out complex tasks. Therefore, a cell is considered the fundamental building block of life.Rate this question:
- 11.
Which of the following are building blocks of proteins?
- A.
Amino acids
- B.
Monosaccharides
- C.
Nucleotides
- D.
Fatty acids
Correct Answer
A. Amino acidsExplanation
Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), along with a side chain that is unique to each amino acid. These amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold and interact to form functional proteins. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbohydrates, nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acids.Rate this question:
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- 12.
How does RNA and DNA differ?
- A.
Type of sugar they contain
- B.
How many strands they contain
- C.
By the bases they contain
- D.
By their function
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
RNA and DNA differ in multiple ways. Firstly, they differ in the type of sugar they contain. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar. Secondly, they differ in the number of strands they contain. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded. Thirdly, they differ by the bases they contain. DNA contains adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine bases, while RNA contains adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine bases. Lastly, they differ by their function. DNA carries genetic information and is involved in the replication and transmission of genetic material, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis. Therefore, all of the above statements accurately describe the differences between RNA and DNA.Rate this question:
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- 13.
About how many typical amino acids are found in proteins?
- A.
4
- B.
16
- C.
20
- D.
64
Correct Answer
C. 20Explanation
Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group. There are 20 different types of amino acids that are commonly found in proteins. Each amino acid has a unique side chain, which gives it specific properties. These amino acids can be arranged in various combinations to create different proteins with different structures and functions. Therefore, the correct answer is 20.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Ribose, the sugar found in RNA, contains 5 carbons, and is thus considered a(n):
- A.
Disaccharide
- B.
Pentose
- C.
Hexose
- D.
Amino acid
Correct Answer
B. PentoseExplanation
Ribose, the sugar found in RNA, contains 5 carbons, making it a pentose. A pentose is a type of monosaccharide that consists of five carbon atoms. Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides, hexose refers to sugars with six carbon atoms, and amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not sugars.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is NOT a carbohydrate?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Sucrose
- C.
Glycine
- D.
Cellulose
Correct Answer
C. GlycineExplanation
Glycine is not a carbohydrate because it is an amino acid, not a sugar or a starch. Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they serve as a major source of energy for living organisms. Glucose and sucrose are both types of sugars, while cellulose is a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants. However, glycine is an amino acid that is a building block of proteins, not a carbohydrate.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The primary structure of a protein involves:
- A.
Disulfide linkages
- B.
Peptide bonds
- C.
Hydrogen bonds
- D.
Hydrophobic forces
Correct Answer
B. Peptide bondsExplanation
The primary structure of a protein involves peptide bonds. Peptide bonds are formed between the amino acids in a protein chain through a condensation reaction, resulting in the formation of a polypeptide chain. This primary structure determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein, which is crucial for its overall structure and function. Disulfide linkages, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic forces are involved in higher levels of protein structure, such as secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.Rate this question:
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- 17.
When disaccharides are changed to monosaccharides, the common chemical process involved is:
- A.
Hydration
- B.
Hydrolysis
- C.
Digestion
- D.
Dehydration
Correct Answer
B. HydrolysisExplanation
When disaccharides are changed into monosaccharides, the common chemical process involved is hydrolysis. In hydrolysis, a water molecule is used to break the chemical bond between the two sugar molecules in the disaccharide. This results in the formation of two separate monosaccharide molecules. Hydration refers to the addition of water molecules to a substance, and while water is involved in hydrolysis, the process itself is specifically the breaking of chemical bonds. Digestion is a broader term that refers to the breakdown of food molecules in the body, which can include hydrolysis. Dehydration, on the other hand, involves the removal of water molecules from a substance, which is the opposite of what occurs in the conversion of disaccharides to monosaccharides.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Saturated fats:
- A.
Have many double bonds
- B.
Have no double bonds
- C.
Tend to be oily
- D.
Are associated with heart disease
Correct Answer
B. Have no double bondsExplanation
Saturated fats are characterized by having no double bonds in their chemical structure. Unlike unsaturated fats, which have one or more double bonds, saturated fats have all of their carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. This lack of double bonds gives saturated fats a more solid consistency at room temperature. Consuming excessive amounts of saturated fats has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Nucleic acids are chains of 5-carbon sugars linked by ____________________ bonds with an organic base protruding from each sugar.
- A.
Amino
- B.
Phosphodiester
- C.
Carboxyl
- D.
Phosphate
Correct Answer
D. PhosphateExplanation
Nucleic acids are composed of chains of 5-carbon sugars, specifically deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. These sugars are linked together by phosphodiester bonds, which connect the 3' carbon of one sugar to the 5' carbon of the next sugar. Each sugar in the chain also has an organic base, either adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G) in DNA, or adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), or guanine (G) in RNA, protruding from it. The phosphate group is not part of the sugar but is involved in forming the phosphodiester bond between the sugars.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Glucose is a
- A.
Protein
- B.
Disaccharide
- C.
Monosaccharide
- D.
Starch
Correct Answer
C. MonosaccharideExplanation
Glucose is a monosaccharide because it is a simple sugar that cannot be broken down into smaller units. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbohydrates and are the simplest form of sugar. They are composed of a single sugar unit and are easily absorbed by the body for energy. Glucose is an essential source of energy for the body's cells and is commonly found in foods like fruits, honey, and corn syrup.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Double helix describes the structure of a molecule of
- A.
Protein
- B.
Disaccharide
- C.
Monosaccharide
- D.
DNA
Correct Answer
D. DNAExplanation
The correct answer is DNA because the structure of DNA is famously known as a double helix. DNA is made up of two strands that are twisted around each other in a spiral shape, resembling a twisted ladder or a spiral staircase. This double helix structure allows DNA to store and transmit genetic information.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The general term for a large molecule made up of many similar subunits is
- A.
Polymer
- B.
Peptide
- C.
Helix
- D.
Pectin
Correct Answer
A. PolymerExplanation
A polymer is a large molecule composed of many repeating subunits called monomers. It is a general term that encompasses various types of macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and synthetic polymers. Peptide refers specifically to a polymer made up of amino acids, while helix and pectin are not general terms for large molecules made up of similar subunits. Therefore, the correct answer is polymer.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Sucrose is a carbohydrate.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Sucrose is a carbohydrate because it is a type of sugar that is composed of glucose and fructose. Carbohydrates are organic compounds that provide energy to the body and are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Sucrose is commonly found in plants and is a major source of energy for many organisms, including humans. Therefore, the statement "Sucrose is a carbohydrate" is true.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The carbohydrate that provides support in plants is called ___________.
Correct Answer
celluloseExplanation
Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate that provides structural support in plants. It is a complex polysaccharide made up of glucose molecules linked together, forming long chains. These chains are arranged in a way that gives cellulose its strength and rigidity, making it an important component of plant cell walls. Cellulose provides support to plant cells, allowing them to maintain their shape and withstand mechanical stress.Rate this question:
- 25.
Check the elements that make up a carbohydrate.
- A.
Hydrogen
- B.
Calcium
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Carbon
- E.
Potassium
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. CarbonExplanation
Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. These elements are the building blocks of carbohydrates, with the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen being 2:1, just like in water. Calcium and potassium are not elements typically found in carbohydrates. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.Rate this question:
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- 26.
A steroid has four basic...
- A.
Carbon rings
- B.
Hydroxide groups
- C.
Triple bonds
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Carbon ringsExplanation
Steroids are organic compounds that have a characteristic structure consisting of four interconnected carbon rings. These rings are fused together and form the backbone of the steroid molecule. Steroids can have various functional groups attached to this carbon ring structure, but the presence of the carbon rings is a defining feature of steroids. Therefore, the correct answer is carbon rings.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Cell membrane structure is described as the...
- A.
Linoleic acid layer
- B.
Glycerol monolayer
- C.
Lipid bilayer
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Lipid bilayerExplanation
The cell membrane structure is described as a lipid bilayer. This means that it is composed of two layers of lipid molecules. The lipid molecules have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail. The hydrophilic heads face outwards, interacting with the watery environment both inside and outside the cell, while the hydrophobic tails face inwards, creating a barrier that prevents water-soluble molecules from freely passing through the membrane. This lipid bilayer structure is essential for maintaining the integrity and functionality of the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Who was the first person to see cells under the microscope and give them a name?
- A.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- B.
Robert Hooke
- C.
Theodor Schwann
- D.
Matthias Schleiden
Correct Answer
B. Robert HookeExplanation
Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells under the microscope and give them a name. In 1665, he published his book "Micrographia" where he described his observations of cork cells, which he called "cells" because they reminded him of the small rooms in a monastery. Hooke's discovery and naming of cells laid the foundation for the field of cell biology and revolutionized our understanding of the structure and function of living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 29.
He discovered that all plants were made of cells, which contributed to the development of the cell theory:
- A.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- B.
Robert Hooke
- C.
Theodor Schwann
- D.
Matthias Schleiden
Correct Answer
D. Matthias SchleidenExplanation
Matthias Schleiden is the correct answer because he discovered that all plants were made of cells. This discovery was significant because it contributed to the development of the cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells. Schleiden's work helped establish the foundation for our understanding of cells and their importance in biological processes.Rate this question:
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- 30.
He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells:
- A.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- B.
Rudolph Virchow
- C.
Theodor Schwann
- D.
Robert Hooke
Correct Answer
B. Rudolph VirchowExplanation
Rudolph Virchow advanced the cell theory by concluding that cells could only come from other cells. This concept, known as biogenesis, opposed the previously accepted idea of spontaneous generation. Virchow's conclusion was based on his observations of cell division and his understanding of cellular pathology. His contribution to the cell theory further solidified the understanding that cells are the basic units of life and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.Rate this question:
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- 31.
This structure serves as the outer boundary of the eukaryotic cell:
- A.
Lysosome
- B.
Cytoplasm
- C.
Cell membrane
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
C. Cell membraneExplanation
The cell membrane is the correct answer because it serves as the outer boundary of the eukaryotic cell. It is a selectively permeable membrane that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis. It also provides structural support and protection to the cell, allowing it to maintain its shape and integrity.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have:
- A.
DNA
- B.
Cytoplasm
- C.
Cell walls
- D.
A membrane bound nucleus
Correct Answer
D. A membrane bound nucleusExplanation
Prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is not enclosed within a separate compartment called the nucleus, as it is in eukaryotic cells. Instead, the DNA is found in a region called the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a membrane. This is one of the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes still have DNA, cytoplasm, and cell walls, but the absence of a membrane-bound nucleus is a characteristic feature of prokaryotes.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following is NOT one of the main components of the cell theory?
- A.
Cells must contain DNA
- B.
All living things are made of cells
- C.
Cells can only come from other cells
- D.
Cells are the basic unit of life
Correct Answer
A. Cells must contain DNAExplanation
The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells can only come from other cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. However, it does not state that cells must contain DNA. While DNA is a fundamental component of most cells, there are exceptions such as red blood cells, which do not contain a nucleus or DNA. Therefore, the statement "cells must contain DNA" is not one of the main components of the cell theory.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Tiny structures that carry out cell functions are collectively called:
- A.
Animalcules
- B.
Organelles
- C.
Tissues
- D.
Ribosomes
Correct Answer
B. OrganellesExplanation
Organelles are tiny structures within a cell that carry out specific functions. They are like small organs that perform various tasks necessary for the cell's survival and functioning. Examples of organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Animalcules refer to microscopic organisms, tissues are groups of cells working together, and ribosomes are small structures within cells involved in protein synthesis. Therefore, organelles are the correct answer as they best describe the tiny structures that carry out cell functions.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which technology was essential for the development of the cell theory?
- A.
Telescopes
- B.
Antiseptics
- C.
Microwaves
- D.
Microscopes
Correct Answer
D. MicroscopesExplanation
Microscopes were essential for the development of the cell theory because they allowed scientists to observe and study cells at a microscopic level. Before the invention of microscopes, cells were not known to exist, and the concept of a cell as the basic unit of life was not understood. Microscopes enabled scientists like Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek to discover and describe cells, leading to the development of the cell theory.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Jada wants to eat a meal that will sustain her energy during a long run. Which of these food items is the best source of long-term energy?
- A.
Grape juice
- B.
Sugar cookie
- C.
Baked potato
- D.
Strawberries
Correct Answer
C. Baked potatoExplanation
A baked potato is the best source of long-term energy because it is a complex carbohydrate that provides a slow and steady release of glucose into the bloodstream. This helps to sustain energy levels over a longer period of time compared to the other options. Grape juice and strawberries are high in natural sugars, which provide a quick burst of energy but may lead to a crash later on. A sugar cookie is high in refined sugars, which also provide a quick burst of energy but are not as beneficial for sustained energy levels.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which microscope did Anton van Leeuwenhoek use to observe single-celled organisms?
- A.
Simple microscope
- B.
Compound light microscope
- C.
Electron microscope
- D.
Tunneling microscope
Correct Answer
A. Simple microscopeExplanation
Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a simple microscope to observe single-celled organisms. A simple microscope consists of a single lens and is capable of magnifying objects up to 300 times. This type of microscope was commonly used during Leeuwenhoek's time and allowed him to make significant discoveries in the field of microbiology, including the observation of bacteria and protozoa.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which statement best describes the molecular structure of protein, along with one of the functions of proteins?
- A.
It is a straight chain hydrocarbon that can help fight disease.
- B.
It is a complex, folded chain that helps regulate cell processes.
- C.
It is a simple carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecule that creates movement.
- D.
It is a chain of nucleotides, and forms muscle, bone, and ligaments.
Correct Answer
B. It is a complex, folded chain that helps regulate cell processes.Explanation
Proteins are complex molecules made up of amino acids that are folded into a specific three-dimensional structure. This folded structure allows proteins to perform a wide range of functions in the cell, including regulating cell processes. This is because the specific shape of the protein determines its function and how it interacts with other molecules in the cell. Therefore, the statement "It is a complex, folded chain that helps regulate cell processes" best describes the molecular structure of protein and one of its functions.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which two microscopes generate three-dimensional images?
- A.
Scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscope
- B.
Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope
- C.
Scanning tunneling microscope and transmission electron microscope
- D.
Compound light microscope and scanning electron microscope
Correct Answer
A. Scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscopeExplanation
The scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscope both generate three-dimensional images. The scanning electron microscope uses a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of a sample and create an image, while the scanning tunneling microscope uses a sharp probe to scan the surface and measures the flow of electrons, creating a three-dimensional image. These microscopes are commonly used in scientific research and allow for detailed imaging and analysis of materials at the nanoscale.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which statement about vacuoles is true?
- A.
Only plant cells contain vacuoles.
- B.
Only animal cells contain vacuoles.
- C.
Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells.
- D.
Vacuoles are larger in animal cells than in plant cells.
Correct Answer
C. Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells.Explanation
Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in both plant and animal cells. However, plant cells typically have larger vacuoles compared to animal cells. Vacuoles in plant cells play a crucial role in maintaining cell turgor pressure, storing water, nutrients, and waste products, and regulating cell growth and development. In contrast, animal cell vacuoles are smaller and mainly involved in storing water, ions, and waste materials. Therefore, the statement "Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells" is true.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which describes the basic structure of a fatty acid?
- A.
A long carbon and hydrogen chain and a phosphate group
- B.
A long carbon and hydrogen chain and a glycerol
- C.
A long carbon and hydrogen chain and a carboxyl group
- D.
A long carbon and hydrogen chain and an alcohol
Correct Answer
C. A long carbon and hydrogen chain and a carboxyl groupExplanation
A fatty acid is a type of organic molecule that consists of a long chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms, known as the hydrocarbon chain, and a functional group called a carboxyl group (-COOH). The carboxyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). This structure is important because it determines the properties and functions of fatty acids, such as their ability to store energy and participate in chemical reactions in the body.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet?
- A.
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.
- B.
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would decrease.
- C.
The person's bad cholesterol would decrease.
- D.
The person's good cholesterol would increase.
Correct Answer
A. The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.Explanation
If a person increased the amount of saturated fat in their diet, their risk of cardiovascular disease would likely increase. Saturated fat is known to raise levels of LDL cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, in the blood. High levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Therefore, increasing saturated fat intake would have a negative impact on cardiovascular health.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which organelle is labeled G?
- A.
Cytoplasm
- B.
Cell wall
- C.
Cell membrane
- D.
Vacuole
Correct Answer
C. Cell membraneExplanation
The organelle labeled G is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and separates the cytoplasm from the external environment. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, allowing nutrients to enter and waste products to exit. The cell membrane also plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's shape and providing protection.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which is a function of the cell membrane?
- A.
Performs photosynthesis
- B.
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
- C.
Protects the external structures of the cell
- D.
Provides energy to the cell
Correct Answer
B. Controls what enters and leaves the cellExplanation
The cell membrane is responsible for controlling what enters and leaves the cell. It acts as a barrier, allowing only certain substances to pass through while blocking others. This selective permeability is essential for maintaining the internal environment of the cell and regulating the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and other molecules with the surrounding environment.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which microscope is often used to view metal surfaces?
- A.
Scanning electron microscope
- B.
Scanning tunneling microscope
- C.
Transmission electron microscope
- D.
Compound light microscope
Correct Answer
B. Scanning tunneling microscopeExplanation
The scanning tunneling microscope is often used to view metal surfaces because it can provide high-resolution images of the surface. It uses a probe that scans the surface and measures the tunneling current between the probe and the surface. This allows for the visualization of individual atoms on the metal surface, making it an ideal tool for studying metal structures and properties at the atomic level. The other microscopes listed may be used for different purposes, but they are not specifically designed for viewing metal surfaces.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Where does a peptide bond form?
- A.
Between the five-carbon sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide
- B.
Between the R group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid
- C.
Between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid
- D.
Between the nitrogenous base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide
Correct Answer
C. Between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acidExplanation
A peptide bond forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid. This bond is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction, where the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another amino acid, resulting in the formation of a peptide bond and the release of a water molecule. This process repeats to form a polypeptide chain, which is the basis of protein structure. The other options mentioned in the question are not correct as they describe different types of bonds involved in nucleotide structure, not peptide bonds.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which organelle is labeled I?
- A.
Nucleus
- B.
Mitochondrion
- C.
Ribosome
- D.
Chloroplast
Correct Answer
D. ChloroplastExplanation
The organelle labeled I is the chloroplast. This is because the chloroplast is the site where photosynthesis occurs in plant cells. It contains chlorophyll, which is responsible for capturing sunlight and converting it into energy. The other options, such as the nucleus, mitochondrion, and ribosome, do not have the same function as the chloroplast and are not involved in photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The endosymbiotic theory states that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved as a result of
- A.
A prokaryotic cell engulfing a bacterial cell
- B.
A eukaryotic cell engulfing a bacterial cell
- C.
A bacterial cell engulfing a prokaryotic cell
- D.
A bacterial cell engulfing a eukaryotic cell
Correct Answer
A. A prokaryotic cell engulfing a bacterial cellExplanation
The correct answer is a prokaryotic cell engulfing a bacterial cell. The endosymbiotic theory proposes that chloroplasts and mitochondria were once free-living bacteria that were engulfed by a larger prokaryotic cell. Over time, the engulfed bacteria formed a symbiotic relationship with the host cell, eventually evolving into the chloroplasts and mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells today. This theory is supported by various pieces of evidence, including the presence of DNA in both chloroplasts and mitochondria, similar to that of bacteria, and the ability of these organelles to divide independently of the host cell.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The study of which structure was instrumental in the formulation of the modern cell theory?
- A.
Plant cell
- B.
Animal cell
- C.
Cell membrane
- D.
DNA molecule
Correct Answer
D. DNA moleculeExplanation
The study of DNA molecule was instrumental in the formulation of the modern cell theory because it provided crucial insights into the genetic material and inheritance mechanisms within cells. DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic information in all living organisms, and understanding its structure and function helped scientists recognize the fundamental role of cells in the transmission and expression of genetic information. This knowledge led to the development of the modern cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells and that cells are the basic units of life.Rate this question:
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- 50.
What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet?
- A.
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.
- B.
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would decrease.
- C.
The person's bad cholesterol would decrease.
- D.
The person's good cholesterol would increase.
Correct Answer
A. The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.Explanation
Increasing the amount of saturated fat in one's diet is known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Saturated fats can raise the levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) in the blood, which can lead to the accumulation of plaque in the arteries and increase the risk of heart disease. Therefore, it is likely that if a person increases their intake of saturated fat, their risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.Rate this question:
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