Mini End Of Muscloskeletal Module
The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. Test your understanding of this system by tackling the quiz below. Give it a go!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Trapizius is originated from all of the following except
- A.
Ligamentum nichae
- B.
External occipital protuberance
- C.
Outer lip of iliac crest
- D.
Spine of all thorathic vertebra
Correct Answer
C. Outer lip of iliac crestExplanation
The trapezius muscle is a large muscle that extends from the base of the skull to the middle of the back and down to the spine of the thoracic vertebrae. It is responsible for movements of the head, neck, and shoulders. The ligamentum nuchae is a ligament in the neck, the external occipital protuberance is a bony prominence at the back of the skull, and the spine of the thoracic vertebrae is part of the vertebral column. However, the outer lip of the iliac crest is not related to the origin of the trapezius muscle.Rate this question:
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- 2.
All of the following are boundaries of the apex of axilla except
- A.
The clavicle
- B.
Superior border of scapula
- C.
Outer border of first rib
- D.
Upper part of the shaft of the humerus
Correct Answer
D. Upper part of the shaft of the humerusExplanation
The upper part of the shaft of the humerus is not a boundary of the apex of the axilla. The boundaries of the apex of the axilla include the clavicle, superior border of the scapula, and the outer border of the first rib.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Flexor digitorum profundus is supplied by
- A.
Ulnar nerve
- B.
Radial nerve
- C.
Anterior interosseous nerve
- D.
 both a and c
- E.
 both b and c
Correct Answer
D. Â both a and cExplanation
The flexor digitorum profundus muscle is responsible for flexing the fingers. It is supplied by both the ulnar nerve and the anterior interosseous nerve. The ulnar nerve innervates the muscle in the ring and little fingers, while the anterior interosseous nerve innervates the muscle in the index and middle fingers. The radial nerve does not supply the flexor digitorum profundus muscle. Therefore, the correct answer is "both a and c" which refers to the ulnar nerve and the anterior interosseous nerve.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The earliest bone to ossify in body is
- A.
Clavicle
- B.
Humerus
- C.
Radius
- D.
Ulna
Correct Answer
A. ClavicleExplanation
The clavicle is the correct answer because it is the first bone in the body to ossify, or harden, during fetal development. It is also known as the collarbone and plays an important role in connecting the upper limb to the trunk of the body. The ossification process begins around the 6th week of gestation, making the clavicle the earliest bone to form and solidify.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Median nerve reaches the hand by passing deep to the extensor retinaculum
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because the median nerve actually passes superficially to the extensor retinaculum, not deep to it. The extensor retinaculum is a thick band of connective tissue that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel, and the median nerve runs through this tunnel on its way to the hand.Rate this question:
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- 6.
All these information about brachial artery are true except
- A.
Along its course it is relatively superficial
- B.
Related laterally to median nerve
- C.
Terminates opposite to neck of radius
- D.
Related medially to cephalic vein
Correct Answer
D. Related medially to cephalic veinExplanation
The brachial artery is a major blood vessel in the upper arm. It runs along the inner side of the arm and is relatively superficial, meaning it is close to the surface of the skin. It is related laterally to the median nerve, which is a nerve that runs down the arm. The brachial artery terminates opposite to the neck of the radius, which is a bone in the forearm. However, it is not related medially to the cephalic vein, which is a vein that runs along the outer side of the arm.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following supply the base of the thumb
- A.
Radial nerve
- B.
Ulnar nerve
- C.
Musclocutaneous nerve
- D.
Median nerve
Correct Answer
C. Musclocutaneous nerveExplanation
The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the base of the thumb. This nerve arises from the brachial plexus and innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm, including the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles. It also provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm. While the radial nerve supplies the extensor muscles of the forearm and hand, the ulnar nerve supplies the medial aspect of the hand, and the median nerve supplies most of the muscles in the forearm and hand, none of these nerves specifically supply the base of the thumb.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The most common site of fracture of the clavicle is:
- A.
Medial end
- B.
Lateral end
- C.
Junction of the medial two-third & lateral third
- D.
Junction of the lateral two-third & medial third
Correct Answer
C. Junction of the medial two-third & lateral thirdExplanation
The correct answer is the junction of the medial two-thirds and lateral third of the clavicle. This is the most common site of fracture for the clavicle, as it is the area where the bone is weakest due to its shape and the forces applied to it. Fractures in this area are often caused by direct trauma or a fall onto an outstretched hand, and they can result in pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the arm. Treatment typically involves immobilization with a sling or brace, and most fractures heal well with conservative management.Rate this question:
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- 9.
All the following give blood supply for the head & neck of the is femur (except)
- A.
Acetabular artery
- B.
Retinacular supply
- C.
Superior gluteal arteries
- D.
Obturator artery branches
Correct Answer
C. Superior gluteal arteriesExplanation
The superior gluteal arteries do not provide blood supply for the head and neck of the femur. The blood supply to the head and neck of the femur is primarily provided by the acetabular artery, retinacular supply, and branches of the obturator artery. The superior gluteal arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the gluteal muscles.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Flexor digitorum longus is supplied by
- A.
Musclocutaneous nerve
- B.
Tibial nerve
- C.
Anterior tibial nerve
- D.
Posterior tibial nerve
Correct Answer
D. Posterior tibial nerveExplanation
The correct answer is posterior tibial nerve. The flexor digitorum longus muscle is innervated by the posterior tibial nerve. This nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve and supplies the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg, including the flexor digitorum longus. It provides motor innervation to the muscle, allowing it to flex the toes.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In case of injury of common peroneal nerve one of the following will be lost
- A.
Sensation on the lateral side of the foot
- B.
Dorsiflelxion of foot
- C.
Sensation on the medial side of foot
- D.
Plantar flexion of foot
Correct Answer
B. Dorsiflelxion of footExplanation
Injury to the common peroneal nerve will result in the loss of dorsiflexion of the foot. The common peroneal nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles that control dorsiflexion, which is the movement of pulling the foot upwards towards the shin. Loss of this function can lead to a foot drop, where the foot is unable to be lifted properly, causing difficulty in walking and a characteristic dragging of the foot. Sensation on the lateral side of the foot may also be affected, but the main symptom associated with common peroneal nerve injury is the loss of dorsiflexion.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The medial planter nerve supplies the all the following muscles except
- A.
Flexor digitorum brevis
- B.
All interossei
- C.
First lumbrical muscle
- D.
Flexor hallucis
Correct Answer
B. All interosseiExplanation
The medial plantar nerve supplies the flexor digitorum brevis, first lumbrical muscle, and flexor hallucis muscles. However, it does not supply the interossei muscles.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The structure that lies anterior to the knee joint is
- A.
Supra patellar bursa
- B.
Deep infra patellar bursa
- C.
Quadriceps tendon
- D.
Pre patellar bursa*
Correct Answer
D. Pre patellar bursa*Explanation
The pre patellar bursa is the structure that lies anterior to the knee joint. Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues such as tendons and bones. The pre patellar bursa is located in front of the patella (kneecap) and helps to protect it from friction and pressure. It is commonly known as the "housemaid's knee" as it can become inflamed and painful due to repetitive kneeling or pressure on the knee.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Volkmann's canals differ from haversian canals in :
- A.
They are oblique
- B.
Run parallel to the axis of the bone
- C.
Not surrounded by cocentric bone lammellae
- D.
A & c
Correct Answer
D. A & cExplanation
Volkmann's canals differ from haversian canals in two ways: they are oblique and they are not surrounded by concentric bone lamellae. Haversian canals, on the other hand, run parallel to the axis of the bone. This means that Volkmann's canals have a different orientation and lack the concentric layers of bone tissue that surround haversian canals.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Thin myofilaments in smooth muscle fibers is mainly composed of
- A.
Actin , myosin
- B.
Actin , tropomyosin
- C.
Troponin , myosin
- D.
Tropomyosin , troponin
Correct Answer
B. Actin , tropomyosinExplanation
The thin myofilaments in smooth muscle fibers are mainly composed of actin and tropomyosin. Actin is a protein that forms the backbone of the thin filament and is responsible for the contraction of the muscle. Tropomyosin is another protein that wraps around the actin filament and regulates muscle contraction by blocking the myosin binding sites on actin. Together, actin and tropomyosin play a crucial role in the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle fibers.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The bone forming cells are
- A.
Osteoprogenitor cells
- B.
Osteoblast
- C.
Osteoclasts
- D.
Osteocytes
Correct Answer
B. OsteoblastExplanation
Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells responsible for the synthesis and secretion of the organic components of the bone matrix. They play a crucial role in bone development, growth, and repair. Osteoblasts are derived from osteoprogenitor cells and are responsible for the initial formation of bone tissue. Once the bone matrix is formed, some osteoblasts become trapped within it and differentiate into osteocytes, which are involved in maintaining bone health and homeostasis. Osteoclasts, on the other hand, are responsible for bone resorption.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The only structure seen by osmic stain in neurons' sections
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Axon
- C.
Nulei
- D.
Myelin sheath
Correct Answer
D. Myelin sheathExplanation
The correct answer is myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers, including those found in neurons. It is composed of lipids and proteins, and its main function is to insulate and speed up the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. The myelin sheath appears as a dark-stained structure when stained with osmic stain, making it the only structure visible with this staining technique in neurons' sections.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Regarding sodium potassium pump the true choice is
- A.
There is a carrier protein formed of 2 separate globular proteins
- B.
 it's the most important passive mechanism in the body
- C.
It occurs uphill against both concentration and electrochemical gradient
- D.
It transports Na to the interior of the cell along the concentration gradient
- E.
A&c
Correct Answer
E. A&cExplanation
The correct answer is A&c. This is because the sodium-potassium pump is a carrier protein that is formed of 2 separate globular proteins. It transports sodium ions to the interior of the cell against both the concentration and electrochemical gradient. This process requires the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the energy needed to pump sodium ions in and potassium ions out of the cell. Therefore, options A and C are both true statements about the sodium-potassium pump.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Chief ions on inner surface of the membrane are
- A.
Na ,Cl and Hco3
- B.
Na and K
- C.
K and proteins
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. K and proteinsExplanation
The correct answer is "k and proteins." This is because potassium (K+) ions and proteins are commonly found on the inner surface of the membrane. Sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions are not specifically mentioned to be chief ions on the inner surface of the membrane.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Descending limb represents
- A.
Repolarization
- B.
Afterdepolarization
- C.
Depolarization
- D.
Undershoot
Correct Answer
A. RepolarizationExplanation
The descending limb of an action potential represents repolarization. Repolarization is the phase of an action potential where the membrane potential returns to its resting state after depolarization. During repolarization, the cell's ion channels close, allowing potassium ions to exit the cell, which restores the negative charge inside the cell. This process is crucial for the proper functioning of neurons and ensures that they can transmit signals accurately.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Injury of destruction of a motor nerve supplying a skeletal muscle lead to
- A.
Muscle atrophy
- B.
Muscle denervation
- C.
Muscle fatigue
- D.
All of the above
- E.
 a and b
Correct Answer
E. Â a and bExplanation
Injury or destruction of a motor nerve supplying a skeletal muscle can lead to muscle atrophy and muscle denervation. Muscle atrophy refers to the wasting or shrinking of muscle tissue due to lack of use or nerve damage. Muscle denervation, on the other hand, occurs when the nerve supply to a muscle is disrupted, leading to loss of muscle function. Both of these conditions can occur as a result of motor nerve injury or destruction.Rate this question:
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- 22.
In the presence of 02 , glycogen gives ................ followed by oxidation to give co2 and H2o.
- A.
Lactic acid
- B.
Acetic acid
- C.
Glycolic acid
- D.
Pyurvic acid
Correct Answer
D. Pyurvic acidExplanation
In the presence of O2, glycogen undergoes glycolysis to produce pyruvic acid. This pyruvic acid is then further oxidized in the mitochondria to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).Rate this question:
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- 23.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of muscle cells.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hyperplasia refers to the increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. In the context of muscle cells, hyperplasia would mean an increase in the number of muscle cells. Therefore, the statement "Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of muscle cells" is true.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Histamine release causes all of the following except
- A.
Peripheral vasodilatation
- B.
Bronchospasm
- C.
Decrease bronchial and gastric secretions
- D.
Hypotension
Correct Answer
C. Decrease bronchial and gastric secretionsExplanation
Histamine is a chemical released by mast cells and basophils in response to allergens or injury. It is known to cause various physiological effects, including peripheral vasodilatation (widening of blood vessels), bronchospasm (constriction of bronchial smooth muscles), and hypotension (low blood pressure). However, histamine release does not lead to a decrease in bronchial and gastric secretions. In fact, histamine can stimulate the production of gastric acid and increase mucus secretion in the bronchial tubes.Rate this question:
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- 25.
All of the following are from central muscle relaxants except
- A.
Mephenesin congeners
- B.
Dantrolene
- C.
Benzodiazepine
- D.
Baclofam
Correct Answer
B. DantroleneExplanation
Dantrolene is not a central muscle relaxant because it acts directly on the skeletal muscle rather than on the central nervous system. It works by inhibiting calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which prevents muscle contraction. In contrast, Mephenesin congeners, Benzodiazepines, and Baclofen are all central muscle relaxants that work by suppressing the activity of the central nervous system, leading to muscle relaxation.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Dantrolene is used to treat malignant hyperthemia caused by succinyl choline because dantrolene
- A.
Act centrally to reduce fever
- B.
Increases the rate of succinylcholine metabolism
- C.
Blocks ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Induces contraction of skeletal muscle
Correct Answer
C. Blocks ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulumExplanation
Dantrolene is used to treat malignant hyperthermia caused by succinylcholine because it blocks the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Malignant hyperthermia is a potentially life-threatening reaction to certain medications used during general anesthesia, such as succinylcholine. This reaction causes a rapid increase in calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle, leading to muscle rigidity, high fever, and other symptoms. Dantrolene works by inhibiting the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which helps to reverse the symptoms of malignant hyperthermia.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following can be used for the relief of acute muscle spasm
- A.
Botulinium toxin
- B.
Rocuronium
- C.
Chlorozoxane
- D.
Gabapentin
Correct Answer
C. ChlorozoxaneExplanation
Chlorozoxane can be used for the relief of acute muscle spasm.Rate this question:
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- 28.
GABA b receptor agonist is
- A.
Tubocurarine
- B.
Baclofen
- C.
Gentamycin
- D.
Diazepam
Correct Answer
B. BaclofenExplanation
Baclofen is the correct answer because it is a GABA b receptor agonist. GABA b receptors are a type of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor that inhibits neurotransmitter release, leading to a decrease in neuronal activity. Baclofen specifically activates these receptors, making it useful in the treatment of muscle spasticity, as well as certain neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries. Tubocurarine is a neuromuscular blocking agent, Gentamycin is an antibiotic, and Diazepam is a benzodiazepine, none of which are GABA b receptor agonists.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Every third aminoacid in each sequence of tropocollagen is
- A.
Glycine
- B.
Proline
- C.
Hydroxy proline
- D.
Hydroxylysin
Correct Answer
A. GlycineExplanation
Every third amino acid in each sequence of tropocollagen is glycine. This is because glycine is the only amino acid small enough to fit into the tight helical structure of collagen. The repetitive nature of glycine allows for the formation of the unique triple helix structure of collagen, which provides strength and stability to connective tissues in the body. Proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine are also important amino acids in collagen, but they are not found in every third position like glycine.Rate this question:
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- 30.
An action potential rapidly spreads to the central portions of the muscle by the mean of
- A.
Z line
- B.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- C.
H zone
- D.
T tubules
Correct Answer
D. T tubulesExplanation
T tubules, also known as transverse tubules, are invaginations of the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane) that penetrate deep into the muscle fiber. They are responsible for rapidly conducting the action potential from the surface of the muscle fiber to the central portions of the muscle. This allows for synchronous contraction of all the sarcomeres within the muscle fiber, ensuring efficient muscle contraction. The other options, Z line, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and H zone, do not play a direct role in conducting the action potential.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Removal of ...... From bone matrix makes fragile bone ,while removal of ...... From bone matrix makes bone flexible .
- A.
Glycoprotein , collagen
- B.
Collagen , calcium
- C.
Calcium , collagen
- D.
Proteoglycan , calcium
Correct Answer
B. Collagen , calciumExplanation
Collagen is a fibrous protein found in the bone matrix that provides strength and support to bones. Its removal would weaken the bone structure, making it fragile. Calcium, on the other hand, is a mineral that contributes to the hardness and rigidity of bones. If calcium is removed from the bone matrix, it would make the bone more flexible.Rate this question:
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- 32.
A 20-year old male present to the emergency with severe bleeding from his leg , to check that his blood supply of his foot isn't interrupted , we can feel the Pulsation of ......
- A.
Aorta
- B.
Brachial artery
- C.
Femoral artery
- D.
Dorsalis pedis artery
Correct Answer
D. Dorsalis pedis arteryExplanation
To check if the blood supply to the foot is uninterrupted, we can feel the pulsation of the dorsalis pedis artery. The dorsalis pedis artery is located on the top of the foot, just lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon. By feeling for the pulsation of this artery, we can assess the blood flow to the foot and determine if it is normal or compromised.Rate this question:
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