Mock Ecfr Assessment (Unofficial)
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The radius is an example of which type of bone?
- A.
Short
- B.
Irregular
- C.
Long
- D.
Flat
Correct Answer
C. LongExplanation
The radius is an example of a long bone because it is one of the long bones found in the appendicular skeleton. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape and consist of a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses). The radius is located in the forearm and is longer than it is wide, making it a prime example of a long bone.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The main function of the femur is to ...
- A.
Provides protection for vital organs
- B.
is for support and movement
- C.
Allows movement in the neck
- D.
Holds the shoulder in place
Correct Answer
B. is for support and movementExplanation
The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. Its main function is to provide support and facilitate movement. It forms the hip joint at its upper end and the knee joint at its lower end, allowing for smooth and coordinated movement of the leg. The femur also plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and transferring forces generated during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?
- A.
Cranium
- B.
Scapular
- C.
Phalanges
- D.
Tibis
Correct Answer
A. CraniumExplanation
The cranium is part of the axial skeleton because it is the bony structure that surrounds and protects the brain. The axial skeleton includes the bones of the head, neck, and trunk, which provide support and protection for the body's vital organs. The scapular is a bone of the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the limbs, and the phalanges are the bones of the fingers and toes. The tibis is also a bone of the appendicular skeleton, specifically the lower limb.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The sternum is a:
- A.
Long bone
- B.
Irregular bone
- C.
Short bone
- D.
Flat bone
Correct Answer
D. Flat boneExplanation
The sternum is a flat bone because it is a broad, thin bone that provides protection for the vital organs in the chest, such as the heart and lungs. Flat bones are generally found in areas where protection is needed, and they also serve as attachment sites for muscles. The sternum fits this description as it is a flat, shield-shaped bone located in the center of the chest, connecting the ribs.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is the main function of flat bones?
- A.
To produce red blood cells
- B.
To produce white blood cells
- C.
To provide a site of attachment for large muscles
- D.
To provide protection for underlying tissues
Correct Answer
D. To provide protection for underlying tissuesExplanation
Flat bones, such as those found in the skull or ribs, are primarily responsible for providing protection to the underlying tissues. Due to their flat and broad shape, they offer a strong and sturdy barrier that shields vital organs and delicate tissues from external forces or trauma. This protective function is crucial in safeguarding the brain, heart, and other vital organs from potential injury or damage.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The anatomical term "medial" refers to...
- A.
Being face down
- B.
On the front of the body or limb
- C.
Nearer the midline of the body
- D.
Above or on top of
Correct Answer
C. Nearer the midline of the bodyExplanation
The term "medial" in anatomy refers to a position that is closer to the midline of the body. This means that it is located towards the center of the body, as opposed to being on the outer side. It is used to describe the relative position of body parts or structures in relation to the midline, helping to provide a clear understanding of their location and orientation.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Choose the correct sentence;
- A.
The shoulder joint is proximal to the neck
- B.
The elbow joint is distal to the shoulder
- C.
The thoracic vertebrae are superior to the cervical vertebrae
- D.
The thumb is on the lateral aspect of the hand
Correct Answer
D. The thumb is on the lateral aspect of the handExplanation
The thumb is located on the side of the hand away from the midline, which is known as the lateral aspect of the hand.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What are the main organs of the Respiratory System?
- A.
Ovaries
- B.
Trachea
- C.
Kidneys
- D.
Vocal Cords
- E.
Lungs
Correct Answer
E. LungsExplanation
The main organs of the respiratory system are the lungs. The respiratory system takes up oxygen from the air we breathe and expels the unwanted carbon dioxide.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What is the Trachea?
- A.
The tube connecting the lungs to the outside of the body
- B.
The Windpipe
- C.
The network of the second-largest air sacs within each lung
- D.
The sencond largest air sacs
- E.
The outermost lining of the lungs
Correct Answer(s)
A. The tube connecting the lungs to the outside of the body
B. The WindpipeExplanation
 Warm air enters the lungs via the trachea, or windpipe. The trachea is a hollow tube bolstered by rings of cartilage to prevent it from collapsing.Rate this question:
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- 10.
How do the Lungs stay inflated?
- A.
Each lung is ribbed with cartilage to prevent collapse on exhalation
- B.
The lungs are tethered to the ribcage with a network of connective tissue.
- C.
The lungs rely on a vacuum within the chest, maintained by the diaphragm.
Correct Answer
C. The lungs rely on a vacuum within the chest, maintained by the diaphragm.Explanation
To stay inflated, the lungs rely on a vacuum within the chest. The diaphragm relaxes and contracts as we breathe. The change in air pressure ‘sucks’ air into the lungs on inhalation, and ‘pushes’ air out during exhalation.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is the name of the rib muscles that contribute to breathing?.
- A.
The intercostal muscles.
- B.
The latissimus dorsi muscles.
- C.
The quadriceps.
Correct Answer
A. The intercostal muscles.Explanation
The intercostal muscles between the ribs help to change the internal air pressure by lifting and relaxing the ribcage in rhythm with the diaphragm.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What are the alveoli?
- A.
The medical name for the vocal cords.
- B.
The finger-like cells that make up the outer lining of each lung.
- C.
The smallest air sacs of the lungs.
Correct Answer
B. The finger-like cells that make up the outer lining of each lung.Explanation
The lungs look like giant sponges, they are filled with thousands of tubes, branching smaller and smaller. Alveoli, or air sacs, are the smallest parts of all.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place?
- A.
At the point where the trachea joins the lungs.
- B.
Within the alveoli.
- C.
Inside the right atrium of the heart.
Correct Answer
B. Within the alveoli.Explanation
Each alveolus has a fine mesh of capillaries where the exchange of oxygen takes place. Blood containing carbon dioxide enters the capillaries lining the alveoli. The gas moves from the blood across a thin film of moisture and into the air sac. The carbon dioxide is then breathed out. On inhalation, oxygen is drawn into the alveoli, where it passes into the blood using the same film of moisture.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is the main part of the circulatory system?
- A.
Lungs
- B.
Veins
- C.
Heart
- D.
Capillaries
Correct Answer
C. HeartExplanation
The main part of the circulatory system is the heart. The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing waste products. It acts as a central organ, ensuring the continuous flow of blood through a network of blood vessels, including the veins, capillaries, and arteries. The heart's rhythmic contractions generate the force needed to propel blood and maintain circulation, making it a vital component of the circulatory system.Rate this question:
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- 15.
How many times per minute does the heart pump blood?
- A.
10 to 20
- B.
100 to 150
- C.
3 to 5
- D.
60 to 100
Correct Answer
D. 60 to 100Explanation
The heart pumps blood at a rate of 60 to 100 times per minute. This is known as the heart rate and can vary depending on factors such as age, physical activity, and overall health. A heart rate within this range is considered normal for adults at rest.Rate this question:
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- 16.
All of the following are parts of the circulatory system except:
- A.
Heart
- B.
Lungs
- C.
Veins
- D.
Eyes
Correct Answer
D. EyesExplanation
The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body. The heart pumps the blood, the lungs oxygenate it, and the veins carry it back to the heart. However, the eyes are not part of the circulatory system. They are part of the sensory system and are responsible for vision.Rate this question:
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- 17.
True or False Smoking makes it hard to breathe.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Smoking causes damage to the lungs and airways, leading to inflammation and narrowing of the air passages. This can result in difficulty in breathing, as the flow of air is restricted. The harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke also reduce the amount of oxygen that can be taken in by the body, further contributing to breathing difficulties. Therefore, it is true that smoking makes it hard to breathe.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What is the circulatory system responsible for? pick the best awnser.
- A.
Transporting materials
- B.
Transporting materials throught your whole body
- C.
Digesting food
- D.
Lets you breath
Correct Answer
B. Transporting materials throught your whole bodyExplanation
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body. This includes the transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which work together to ensure that all cells receive the necessary substances for their proper functioning and remove waste products from the body.Rate this question:
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- 19.
You are on a night out with friends on Broad St when you come across this patient lying on the pavement outside a bar. What do you do?
- A.
Call for an ambulance
- B.
Leave him and carry on with the rest of your night
- C.
Check for any dangers
- D.
Start CPR
- E.
Turn him into the recovery position
Correct Answer
C. Check for any dangersExplanation
You must always check for danger to yourself, the casualty and to any bystanders before you approach the casualty.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The area is safe to approach however when you try and illicit a response there is none. Your friends offer to help you should you require their assistance. You do not suspect any traumatic injuries and you open his airway by tilting his head and lifting his chin. Next you must...
- A.
Check for breathing
- B.
Start CPR
- C.
Call an ambulance
- D.
Attach an AED
- E.
Do abdominal thrusts (Heimlich manoeuvre)
Correct Answer
A. Check for breathingExplanation
After opening the person's airway, the next step is to check for breathing. This is important to determine if the person is breathing on their own or not. Checking for breathing involves observing the person's chest for any rise and fall, listening for any sounds of breathing, and feeling for any airflow. This step is crucial in assessing the person's condition and determining the appropriate next steps for providing assistance or initiating CPR if necessary.Rate this question:
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- 21.
How long must you check for breathing?
- A.
1 minute
- B.
1 second
- C.
10 seconds
- D.
20 seconds
- E.
30 seconds
Correct Answer
C. 10 secondsExplanation
Yes you must look, listen and feel for signs of breathing for 10 seconds.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The patient is not breathing, what is the next step?
- A.
Start CPR
- B.
Call 999/112 for an Ambulance
- C.
Do 2 rescue breaths
- D.
Raise the patient's legs
- E.
Connect an AED
Correct Answer
B. Call 999/112 for an AmbulanceExplanation
Although starting CPR may be appropriate, it is now time to call for an ambulance as you have all the details required to make the call.Rate this question:
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- 23.
You start CPR the first component is...
- A.
2 rescue breaths
- B.
5 rescue breaths
- C.
30 chest compressions
- D.
10 chest compressions
- E.
15 chest compressions
Correct Answer
C. 30 chest compressionsExplanation
In CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), the first component is to perform chest compressions. Chest compressions help to circulate oxygenated blood throughout the body when the heart is not beating effectively. By applying pressure on the chest, the compressions mimic the pumping action of the heart, which is crucial in maintaining blood flow and oxygenation to vital organs. The recommended ratio for chest compressions to rescue breaths is 30:2, meaning 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. Therefore, the correct answer is 30 chest compressions.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Followed by....
- A.
10 rescue breaths
- B.
2 rescue breaths
- C.
5 rescue breaths
- D.
20 rescue breaths
- E.
1 rescue breath
Correct Answer
B. 2 rescue breathsExplanation
The correct answer is 2 rescue breaths. When performing CPR, it is recommended to give 2 rescue breaths after every 30 chest compressions. This helps to provide oxygen to the person's lungs and vital organs. Giving too many rescue breaths may cause overinflation of the lungs, while giving too few may not provide enough oxygen. Therefore, 2 rescue breaths are the most appropriate number to ensure proper oxygenation during CPR.Rate this question:
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- 25.
An AED becomes available, what would you need to consider in terms of safety?
- A.
Moisture/water
- B.
GTN Patches
- C.
Jewellery
- D.
Chest hair
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
In terms of safety, when an AED becomes available, you would need to consider moisture/water, GTN patches, jewellery, and chest hair. Moisture or water can interfere with the proper functioning of the AED and may cause electrical shocks. GTN patches contain nitroglycerin, which is flammable and can cause a fire if exposed to the electrical discharge from the AED. Jewellery and chest hair should be removed or lifted away from the chest to ensure proper electrode contact and prevent interference with the AED's readings. Therefore, all of the above factors need to be considered for safety when using an AED.Rate this question:
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