1.
What is the plural of "Hindu"?
Correct Answer
D. "Hindus."
Explanation
The plural of "Hindu" is "Hindus" because when referring to multiple individuals who practice Hinduism, the letter "s" is added to the end of the word to indicate plurality.
2.
In Hinduism, what is ultimate reality called?
Correct Answer
B. Brahman.
Explanation
Brahman is the ultimate reality in Hinduism. It is the unchanging, eternal, and infinite essence that underlies all existence. Brahman is believed to be the source of everything and is beyond human comprehension. It is the ultimate goal of spiritual realization and the highest state of consciousness. Brahma, on the other hand, is a deity in Hinduism who is responsible for the creation of the universe. Karma and Kama are concepts related to actions and desires, respectively, but they are not considered as ultimate reality in Hinduism.
3.
What is the Sanskrit term for the eternal soul?
Correct Answer
A. Atman.
Explanation
The correct answer is Atman. In Hinduism, Atman refers to the eternal and unchanging soul or self. It is believed to be the innermost essence of an individual and is considered to be divine and immortal. Atman is seen as the true self that transcends the physical body and is connected to the ultimate reality, Brahman. It is through realizing the true nature of Atman that one can attain liberation (moksha) and break free from the cycle of birth and death. Artha, Moksha, and Shudra are not specifically related to the concept of the eternal soul in Sanskrit.
4.
What is the Sanskrit term for the cycle of reincarnation?
Correct Answer
D. Samsara.
Explanation
The Sanskrit term for the cycle of reincarnation is "Samsara." In Hinduism and Buddhism, Samsara refers to the continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. It is believed that individuals are trapped in this cycle until they achieve liberation or enlightenment. This term represents the fundamental concept of the transmigration of the soul and the opportunity for spiritual growth and liberation from worldly suffering. Atman refers to the individual soul, Karma refers to the law of cause and effect, and Moksha refers to liberation from Samsara.
5.
What does the word karma mean literally?
Correct Answer
A. Action.
Explanation
The word "karma" is derived from the Sanskrit language and literally means "action". In Hinduism and Buddhism, karma refers to the concept that every action has consequences, and one's present circumstances are a result of their past actions. This understanding of karma emphasizes the idea that individuals are responsible for their own actions and the outcomes they experience. Therefore, the correct answer is "Action".
6.
In Hinduism, liberation from samsara is called what?
Correct Answer
C. Moksha.
Explanation
In Hinduism, liberation from samsara, the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, is called Moksha. It is the ultimate goal of life and represents freedom from the cycle of suffering and the union with the divine. Moksha is achieved through self-realization, detachment from worldly desires, and the realization of one's true nature as a spiritual being. It is considered the highest state of consciousness and leads to eternal bliss and liberation from the cycle of reincarnation.
7.
What's another term for an outcaste in India?
Correct Answer
B. Dalit.
Explanation
Dalit is another term for an outcaste in India. The term refers to the lowest social group in the caste system, traditionally considered untouchable and subjected to social discrimination and exclusion. The term "Brahmin" refers to the highest priestly caste in Hinduism, "Shudra" refers to the lowest caste in the traditional four-fold division, and "Shakta" refers to a follower of the Shakta tradition, which worships the divine feminine.
8.
What's the highest caste in the traditional Indian caste system?
Correct Answer
A. Brahmin.
Explanation
Brahmin is considered the highest caste in the traditional Indian caste system. The Brahmins are the priestly class and are believed to be the closest to the divine. They are responsible for performing religious rituals and are highly respected for their knowledge and wisdom. Their position in society grants them privileges and authority. This caste system has been deeply ingrained in Indian society for centuries, although efforts have been made to challenge and dismantle it in recent years.
9.
What is the Indian caste of warriors and rulers?
Correct Answer
B. Kshatriya.
Explanation
The Indian caste of warriors and rulers is known as Kshatriya. In the traditional Indian caste system, Kshatriyas were considered the second highest social class, below only the Brahmins. Kshatriyas were expected to protect and govern society, as they were believed to be born with the qualities of bravery, leadership, and a sense of duty. They were traditionally associated with military and administrative roles, and their primary duty was to defend the kingdom and maintain law and order.
10.
Which is the lowest of the four main castes in the traditional Indian caste system?
Correct Answer
C. Shudra.
Explanation
The lowest of the four main castes in the traditional Indian caste system is Shudra. In the caste hierarchy, Shudras were considered to be the laboring class and were often assigned menial and low-status jobs. They were subjected to social and economic discrimination and were excluded from many privileges and opportunities. This hierarchical system was based on birth and determined a person's social status and occupation from birth, with little to no possibility of upward mobility.
11.
The caste one is born into is determined by what?
Correct Answer
B. One's karma.
Explanation
The caste one is born into is determined by one's karma. In Hinduism, karma refers to the actions and deeds performed in one's previous life that determine the circumstances and social status of their next life. The concept of karma suggests that individuals are responsible for their own actions and that their caste is a result of their past actions. This belief system emphasizes the idea of cause and effect, where one's actions in previous lives directly impact their current life, including their caste. Therefore, one's karma is the determining factor for the caste they are born into.
12.
According to the traditional Indian caste system, within a given lifetime, how can one move to a higher caste?
Correct Answer
C. One can't.
Explanation
According to the traditional Indian caste system, it is believed that one cannot move to a higher caste within a given lifetime. The caste system is a hierarchical social structure that is based on birth and is believed to be determined by the actions of previous lives. It is considered that one's caste is fixed and cannot be changed during their lifetime. Therefore, the correct answer is "One can't."
13.
In Hinduism, what does dharma mean?
Correct Answer
B. Ethical duty.
Explanation
Dharma in Hinduism refers to one's ethical duty or moral responsibility. It encompasses the principles and values that guide individuals in leading a righteous and virtuous life. Dharma emphasizes the importance of fulfilling one's obligations towards society, family, and oneself, while adhering to moral and ethical principles. It provides a framework for individuals to make ethical choices and lead a meaningful life, promoting harmony and balance in society.
14.
What is kama?
Correct Answer
B. Pleasure.
Explanation
The correct answer is pleasure. Kama is one of the four goals of human life according to Hinduism, along with dharma (righteousness), artha (wealth and security), and moksha (liberation). Kama refers to the pursuit of pleasure, both physical and emotional, and encompasses desires, love, and enjoyment. It is believed that fulfilling one's desires and experiencing pleasure in a balanced and ethical manner is important for a fulfilling life.
15.
In Hinduism, is it considered appropriate to try to earn lots of money?
Correct Answer
C. Yes, if you do so within the bounds of dharma and know that it's not the only goal in life.
16.
In Hinduism, is it considered acceptable to seek sense pleasures?
Correct Answer
C. Yes, if you do so in accordance with dharma and recognize that this isn't the only goal of life.
Explanation
The correct answer states that it is considered acceptable to seek sense pleasures in Hinduism, but only if it is done in accordance with dharma and with the understanding that this is not the sole purpose of life. This means that indulging in sense pleasures is not condemned in Hinduism, as long as it is done within the moral and ethical guidelines set by dharma, and with the understanding that there are other important goals and purposes in life beyond mere sensory gratification.
17.
In Hinduism, is it considered a good thing not to follow your dharma?
Correct Answer
A. No.
Explanation
In Hinduism, following one's dharma is considered a fundamental principle. Dharma refers to one's duty, righteousness, and moral obligations in life. It is believed that following one's dharma leads to spiritual growth and ultimately liberation from the cycle of birth and death (moksha). Therefore, it is not considered a good thing to not follow one's dharma in Hinduism, regardless of one's caste or social status.
18.
What is artha?
Correct Answer
B. Material success and security.
Explanation
Artha refers to material success and security. It is one of the four goals of life in Hindu philosophy, known as the Purusharthas. The other three goals are Dharma (righteousness), Kama (sensual pleasure), and Moksha (liberation from the cycle of reincarnation). Artha emphasizes the importance of achieving financial stability, wealth, and social status. It recognizes the need for material resources to fulfill one's responsibilities and lead a comfortable life. This goal encourages individuals to work hard, acquire skills, and make practical decisions to ensure their financial well-being and security.
19.
What is a Sanskrit term for a path to moksha?
Correct Answer
A. Marga.
Explanation
The Sanskrit term "Marga" refers to a path or a way. In the context of the question, it is specifically referring to a path to moksha, which is liberation or enlightenment in Hinduism. Moksha is the ultimate goal for individuals seeking spiritual liberation, and there are different paths or margas that one can follow to achieve it. Therefore, Marga is the correct answer as it directly relates to the concept of a path to moksha in Sanskrit.
20.
Bhakti yoga is the path of what?
Correct Answer
C. Devotion.
Explanation
Bhakti yoga is a spiritual path that emphasizes devotion and love towards a higher power. It involves deepening one's connection and surrendering to the divine through prayer, rituals, and worship. This path encourages individuals to cultivate a heartfelt and intense devotion, seeking union with the divine through love and surrender. Therefore, the correct answer is devotion.
21.
In Hinduism, devotion to the Goddess is called what?
Correct Answer
D. Shaktism.
Explanation
Shaktism is the correct answer because it refers to the devotion and worship of the Goddess in Hinduism. Shaktism is a major branch within Hinduism that focuses on the feminine divine energy, known as Shakti or Devi. This form of worship emphasizes the power and energy of the Goddess, and followers of Shaktism believe that she is the ultimate reality and the source of all creation. Therefore, Shaktism is the appropriate term for the devotion to the Goddess in Hinduism.
22.
Devotion to Vishnu is called what?
Correct Answer
C. Vaishnavism.
Explanation
Devotion to Vishnu is called Vaishnavism. Vaishnavism is a major tradition within Hinduism that worships Vishnu as the supreme deity. It emphasizes the importance of devotion, love, and surrender to Vishnu as the path to spiritual liberation. Vaishnavism is characterized by various rituals, practices, and beliefs centered around Vishnu and his avatars, particularly Lord Krishna and Lord Rama. It is one of the largest and most influential sects within Hinduism, with millions of followers worldwide.
23.
Devotion to Rama or Krishna is called what?
Correct Answer
D. Vaishnavism.
Explanation
Devotion to Rama or Krishna is called Vaishnavism. Vaishnavism is a major tradition within Hinduism that focuses on the worship of Vishnu and his avatars, particularly Rama and Krishna. It emphasizes the belief in the divine nature of Vishnu and the importance of devotion, known as bhakti, as a means to attain spiritual liberation. Vaishnavism is characterized by various rituals, prayers, and festivals dedicated to Vishnu and his avatars, and it has a significant following in India and other parts of the world.
24.
Good karma entails performing an action in what way?
Correct Answer
D. Without attachment to the results.
Explanation
Performing an action without attachment to the results means doing something without expecting any specific outcome or reward. Good karma is about acting selflessly and with pure intentions, without being driven by personal gain or desires. It involves focusing on the action itself and doing what is right, regardless of the outcome. This approach allows individuals to let go of any expectations or attachments, leading to a more selfless and compassionate way of living.
25.
The Sanskrit word jñana means what?
Correct Answer
D. Wisdom.
Explanation
The Sanskrit word "jñāna" means wisdom. In Sanskrit, "jñāna" refers to knowledge or understanding that is gained through deep insight and introspection. It is associated with the acquisition of spiritual knowledge and the realization of ultimate truth. This word signifies a higher level of consciousness and enlightenment, rather than mere intellectual knowledge or information.
26.
Which of the following are practices of jñana yoga?
Correct Answer
D. Studying the scriptures and meditating on Brahman.
Explanation
Jñāna yoga is a path of knowledge and wisdom in Hindu philosophy. It involves the study of scriptures and deep contemplation on the nature of Brahman, the ultimate reality. By studying the scriptures and meditating on Brahman, practitioners of jñāna yoga seek to attain self-realization and liberation from the cycle of birth and death. Making offerings to gods, physical postures, and praying to gods are not specific practices of jñāna yoga, but may be associated with other paths of yoga such as bhakti yoga or hatha yoga.