Helpmetology Lecture Exam 2
SAFE ANSWERS ONLY
- 1.
Select all frog families
- A.
Ascaphidae
- B.
Leiopelmatidae
- C.
Bombinatoridae
- D.
Alytidae
- E.
Pipidae
- F.
Rhinophrynidae
- G.
Scaphiopodidae
- H.
Pelodytidae
- I.
Pelobatidae
- J.
Megophryidae
- K.
Heleophrynidae
- L.
Sooglossidae
- M.
Nasikabatrachidae
- N.
Myobatrachidae
- O.
Calyptocephalellidae
- P.
Eleutherodactylidae
- Q.
Ceuthomantidae
- R.
Brachycephalidae
- S.
Craugastoridae
- T.
Centrolenidae
- U.
Allophrynidae
- V.
Telmatobiidae
- W.
Rhinodermatidae
- X.
Odontophrynidae
- Y.
Leptodactylidae
- Z.
Hylodidae
- .
Hylidae
- .
Hemiphractidae
- .
Dendrobatidae
- .
Cycloramphidae
- .
Ceratobatrachidae
- .
Bufonidae
- .
Hyperoliidae
- .
Arthroleptidae
- .
Hemisotidae
- .
Brevicipitidae
- .
Microhylidae
- .
Rhacophoridae
- .
Mantellidae
- .
Ranidae
- .
Ranixalidae
- .
Nyctibatrachidae
- .
Micrixalidae
- .
Pyxicephalidae
- .
Dicroglossidae
- .
Conrauidae
- .
Ceratophryidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ascaphidae
B. Leiopelmatidae
C. Bombinatoridae
D. Alytidae
E. Pipidae
F. Rhinophrynidae
G. Scaphiopodidae
H. Pelodytidae
I. Pelobatidae
J. Megophryidae
K. Heleophrynidae
L. Sooglossidae
M. Nasikabatrachidae
N. Myobatrachidae
O. Calyptocephalellidae
P. Eleutherodactylidae
Q. Ceuthomantidae
R. Brachycephalidae
S. Craugastoridae
T. Centrolenidae
U. Allophrynidae
V. Telmatobiidae
W. Rhinodermatidae
X. Odontophrynidae
Y. Leptodactylidae
Z. Hylodidae
. Hylidae
. Hemiphractidae
. Dendrobatidae
. Cycloramphidae
. Ceratobatrachidae
. Bufonidae
. Hyperoliidae
. Arthroleptidae
. Hemisotidae
. Brevicipitidae
. Microhylidae
. Rhacophoridae
. Mantellidae
. Ranidae
. Ranixalidae
. Nyctibatrachidae
. Micrixalidae
. Pyxicephalidae
. Dicroglossidae
. Conrauidae
. CeratophryidaeExplanation
The correct answer includes all the frog families listed in the given options. These families represent a wide range of frog species found in various parts of the world. Some of the well-known families included in the answer are Pipidae (aquatic frogs), Hylidae (tree frogs), and Bufonidae (true toads). The answer encompasses a comprehensive list of frog families, covering both common and lesser-known species.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Families found in Madagascar
- A.
Hyperoliidae
- B.
Rhacophoridae
- C.
Mantellidae
- D.
Nasikabatrachidae
- E.
Ranixalidae
- F.
Nyctibatrachidae
- G.
Micrixalidae
- H.
Sooglossidae
- I.
Leiopelmatidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hyperoliidae
B. Rhacophoridae
C. MantellidaeExplanation
These are all families of frogs found in Madagascar. Hyperoliidae, Rhacophoridae, and Mantellidae are all tree frog families, known for their ability to climb and jump. Madagascar is known for its high biodiversity, and these families are just a few examples of the unique and diverse frog species found on the island.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Families found in Western Ghats of India
- A.
Nasikabatrachidae
- B.
Ranixalidae
- C.
Nyctibatrachidae
- D.
Micrixalidae
- E.
Hyperoliidae
- F.
Rhacophoridae
- G.
Mantellidae
- H.
Sooglossidae
- I.
Hyperoliidae
- J.
Leiopelmatidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Nasikabatrachidae
B. Ranixalidae
C. Nyctibatrachidae
D. Micrixalidae -
- 4.
Families found in Seychelles Islands
- A.
Sooglossidae
- B.
Hyperoliidae
- C.
Rhacophoridae
- D.
Mantellidae
- E.
Nasikabatrachidae
- F.
Ranixalidae
- G.
Nyctibatrachidae
- H.
Micrixalidae
- I.
Leiopelmatidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sooglossidae
B. HyperoliidaeExplanation
The correct answer includes the families Sooglossidae and Hyperoliidae. These two families are found in the Seychelles Islands.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Families found in North Island of New Zealand
- A.
Leiopelmatidae
- B.
Hyperoliidae
- C.
Rhacophoridae
- D.
Mantellidae
- E.
Nasikabatrachidae
- F.
Ranixalidae
- G.
Nyctibatrachidae
- H.
Micrixalidae
- I.
Sooglossidae
Correct Answer
A. LeiopelmatidaeExplanation
The correct answer is Leiopelmatidae. This is the only family listed that is found in the North Island of New Zealand.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Families found in Australia
- A.
Myobatrachidae
- B.
Hylidae
- C.
Microhylidae
- D.
Ranidae
- E.
Bufonidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Myobatrachidae
B. Hylidae
C. Microhylidae
D. RanidaeExplanation
The given answer lists four families of frogs found in Australia: Myobatrachidae, Hylidae, Microhylidae, and Ranidae. These families are known to have species that are native to Australia. Myobatrachidae is a family of frogs commonly known as "Australasian ground frogs" and includes species like the Australian green tree frog. Hylidae is a family of tree frogs, some of which are found in Australia. Microhylidae is a family of small frogs, and some species can be found in Australia. Ranidae is a family of true frogs, and some species are native to Australia. Bufonidae, which is not included in the answer, is a family of toads and is also found in Australia.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Family with the highest amount of species (969)
- A.
Hylidae
- B.
Craugastoridae
- C.
Bufonidae
- D.
Microhylidae
Correct Answer
A. HylidaeExplanation
Hylidae is the correct answer because it is the family with the highest amount of species, specifically 969. The other options, Craugastoridae, Bufonidae, and Microhylidae, do not have as many species as Hylidae.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Families with 1 species
- A.
Rhinophrynidae
- B.
Nasikabatrachidae
- C.
Ascaphidae
- D.
Allophrynidae
- E.
Rhinodermatidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rhinophrynidae
B. NasikabatrachidaeExplanation
The correct answer is Rhinophrynidae and Nasikabatrachidae. These two families are the only ones listed that have only one species each. The other families listed have more than one species.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Families with diverse habitats
- A.
Craugastoridae
- B.
Microhylidae
- C.
Dicroglossidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Craugastoridae
B. Microhylidae
C. DicroglossidaeExplanation
The answer lists three families: Craugastoridae, Microhylidae, and Dicroglossidae. These families are known for having diverse habitats. This means that they can be found in a wide range of different environments, such as forests, grasslands, or wetlands. The diversity of their habitats suggests that these families have adapted to various ecological niches and have evolved to thrive in different conditions.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Families found EXCLUSIVELY in North America (and not past Mexico)
- A.
Ascaphidae
- B.
Rhinophrynidae
- C.
Scaphiopodidae
- D.
Eleutherodactylidae
- E.
Craugastoridae
- F.
Hylidae
- G.
Bufonidae
- H.
Microhylidae
- I.
Ranidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ascaphidae
C. ScaphiopodidaeExplanation
The families Ascaphidae and Scaphiopodidae are the correct answers because they are the only families in the given list that are found exclusively in North America and not past Mexico. The other families listed may also be found in other regions outside of North America.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Families found EXCLUSIVELY in South America (not including Central America)
- A.
Pipidae
- B.
Calyptocephalellidae
- C.
Eleutherodactylidae
- D.
Ceuthomantidae
- E.
Brachycephalidae
- F.
Craugastoridae
- G.
Centrolenidae
- H.
Allophrynidae
- I.
Telmatobiidae
- J.
Rhinodermatidae
- K.
Odontophrynidae
- L.
Leptodactylidae
- M.
Hylodidae
- N.
Hylidae
- O.
Hemiphractidae
- P.
Dendrobatidae
- Q.
Cycloramphidae
- R.
Bufonidae
- S.
Microhylidae
- T.
Ranidae
- U.
Ceratophryidae
Correct Answer(s)
B. Calyptocephalellidae
D. Ceuthomantidae
E. Brachycephalidae
H. Allophrynidae
I. Telmatobiidae
J. Rhinodermatidae
K. Odontophrynidae
M. Hylodidae
Q. Cycloramphidae
U. CeratophryidaeExplanation
The families Calyptocephalellidae, Ceuthomantidae, Brachycephalidae, Allophrynidae, Telmatobiidae, Rhinodermatidae, Odontophrynidae, Hylodidae, Cycloramphidae, and Ceratophryidae are exclusively found in South America, excluding Central America. These families represent a diverse range of amphibians, including frogs and toads, which have adapted to the unique ecosystems and habitats found in South America.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Families found EXCLUSIVELY in (mainland) Africa
- A.
Alytidae
- B.
Pipidae
- C.
Pelobatidae
- D.
Heleophrynidae
- E.
Hylidae
- F.
Bufonidae
- G.
Hyperoliidae
- H.
Arthroleptidae
- I.
Hemisotidae
- J.
Brevicipitidae
- K.
Microhylidae
- L.
Rhacophoridae
- M.
Ranidae
- N.
Pyxicephalidae
- O.
Dicroglossidae
- P.
Conrauidae
Correct Answer(s)
D. Heleophrynidae
H. Arthroleptidae
I. Hemisotidae
J. Brevicipitidae
N. Pyxicephalidae
P. Conrauidae -
- 13.
Families found in Europe
- A.
Bombinatoridae
- B.
Alytidae
- C.
Pelodytidae
- D.
Pelobatidae
- E.
Hylidae
- F.
Bufonidae
- G.
Ranidae
- H.
Microhylidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Bombinatoridae
B. Alytidae
C. Pelodytidae
D. Pelobatidae
E. Hylidae
F. Bufonidae
G. RanidaeExplanation
The given answer lists different families of amphibians found in Europe. These families include Bombinatoridae, Alytidae, Pelodytidae, Pelobatidae, Hylidae, Bufonidae, Ranidae, and Microhylidae. However, Microhylidae is not included in the given answer, so it is not part of the families found in Europe.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Families found EXCLUSIVELY in Asia
- A.
Microhylidae
- B.
Rhacophoridae
- C.
Ranidae
- D.
Ranixalidae
- E.
Nyctibatrachidae
- F.
Micrixalidae
- G.
Dicroglossidae
- H.
Bombinatoridae
- I.
Megophryidae
- J.
Nasikabatrachidae
- K.
Hylidae
- L.
Ceratobatrachidae
- M.
Bufonidae
Correct Answer(s)
D. Ranixalidae
E. Nyctibatrachidae
F. Micrixalidae
I. Megophryidae
J. NasikabatrachidaeExplanation
The families Megophryidae, Nasikabatrachidae, Ranixalidae, Nyctibatrachidae, and Micrixalidae are exclusively found in Asia. These families are all part of the order Anura, which includes frogs and toads. Each of these families has members that are endemic to various regions in Asia, and they have adapted to the diverse habitats found in this continent. This exclusivity to Asia highlights the rich biodiversity and unique evolutionary history of amphibians in this region.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Families with EXCLUSIVELY fossorial members
- A.
Rhinophrynidae
- B.
Scaphiopodidae
- C.
Nasikabatrachidae
- D.
Myobatrachidae
- E.
Hylidae
- F.
Hemisotidae
- G.
Brevicipitidae
- H.
Microhylidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rhinophrynidae
B. Scaphiopodidae
C. Nasikabatrachidae
F. Hemisotidae
G. BrevicipitidaeExplanation
The given answer includes families that have exclusively fossorial members. Fossorial animals are adapted for living underground and have specialized features such as strong limbs for digging, reduced eyes, and a streamlined body shape. Rhinophrynidae, Scaphiopodidae, Nasikabatrachidae, Hemisotidae, and Brevicipitidae are all families of amphibians that have species with fossorial adaptations. These animals spend most of their lives underground and are well-suited for burrowing through the soil.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Families with MOSTLY arboreal members
- A.
Hylidae
- B.
Ceratobatrachidae
- C.
Bufonidae
- D.
Hyperoliidae
- E.
Microhylidae
- F.
Rhacophoridae
- G.
Mantellidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hylidae
D. Hyperoliidae
F. RhacophoridaeExplanation
The correct answer includes the families Hylidae, Hyperoliidae, and Rhacophoridae. These families are known to have mostly arboreal members, meaning that the majority of the species within these families are adapted for living in trees or other elevated habitats. This adaptation allows them to climb and jump between branches, as well as to camouflage themselves among foliage. These families often have specialized toe pads or other adaptations that help them grip onto surfaces and navigate their arboreal habitats effectively.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Families with EXCLUSIVELY terrestrial members
- A.
Alytidae
- B.
Myobatrachidae
- C.
Hemiphractidae
- D.
Cycloramphidae
- E.
Ceratobatrachidae
- F.
Bufonidae
- G.
Mantellidae
- H.
Ceratophryidae
Correct Answer
C. HemiphractidaeExplanation
The correct answer is Hemiphractidae. This is because the question asks for families with exclusively terrestrial members, meaning that all members of the family must live exclusively on land. Hemiphractidae fits this criteria as it is a family of frogs that are known as marsupial frogs and are primarily terrestrial, living in tropical forests and grasslands.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Families with EXCLUSIVELY aquatic members
- A.
Ascaphidae
- B.
Leiopelmatidae
- C.
Bombinatoridae
- D.
Pipidae
- E.
Megophrynidae
- F.
Heleophrynidae
- G.
Telmatobiidae
- H.
Leptodactylidae
- I.
Hylidae
- J.
Bufonidae
- K.
Mantellidae
- L.
Dicroglossidae
- M.
Ceratophryidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ascaphidae
B. Leiopelmatidae
C. Bombinatoridae
D. Pipidae
F. Heleophrynidae
G. TelmatobiidaeExplanation
The given answer includes families that have exclusively aquatic members. These families are Ascaphidae, Leiopelmatidae, Bombinatoridae, Pipidae, Heleophrynidae, and Telmatobiidae. Members of these families are adapted to living in water and have various aquatic characteristics such as webbed feet, streamlined bodies, and specialized respiratory systems. They rely on water for their survival and reproduction, and cannot survive for extended periods outside of water.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Inguinal amplexus
- A.
Male grasps female around abdomen
- B.
Originally thought ancestral and found in basal lineages
- C.
Evolved in other derived lineages
- D.
Male grasps female behind forelegs
- E.
Found in most neobatrachids
- F.
Male grasps female by head
- G.
Found in only dendrobatids and mantellids
Correct Answer(s)
A. Male grasps female around abdomen
B. Originally thought ancestral and found in basal lineages
C. Evolved in other derived lineagesExplanation
This answer suggests that the behavior of male grasping the female around the abdomen was originally believed to be ancestral and found in basal lineages. However, it has also evolved in other derived lineages. This behavior is found in most neobatrachids, which are a group of frogs.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Axillary amplexus
- A.
Male grasps female around abdomen
- B.
Originally thought ancestral and found in basal lineages
- C.
Evolved in other derived lineages
- D.
Male grasps female behind forelegs
- E.
Found in most neobatrachids
- F.
Male grasps female by head
- G.
Found in only dendrobatids and mantellids
Correct Answer(s)
D. Male grasps female behind forelegs
E. Found in most neobatrachidsExplanation
The correct answer is "Male grasps female behind forelegs, found in most neobatrachids." This explanation states that in most neobatrachids, the male frog grasps the female frog behind her forelegs during mating. This behavior is specific to this group of frogs and is not found in other lineages.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Cephalic amplexus
- A.
Male grasps female around abdomen
- B.
Originally thought ancestral and found in basal lineages
- C.
Evolved in other derived lineages
- D.
Male grasps female behind forelegs
- E.
Found in most neobatrachids
- F.
Male grasps female by head
- G.
Found in only dendrobatids and mantellids
Correct Answer(s)
F. Male grasps female by head
G. Found in only dendrobatids and mantellids -
- 22.
Which of the following are true of larval anurans?
- A.
Most are herbivores
- B.
Most are detritivores
- C.
Most are filter feeders
- D.
Some are carnivorous
- E.
Some are cannibalistic
- F.
Have true teeth
- G.
Have more metamorphic changes than other lissamphibians
Correct Answer(s)
A. Most are herbivores
B. Most are detritivores
D. Some are carnivorous
E. Some are cannibalistic
G. Have more metamorphic changes than other lissamphibiansExplanation
Larval anurans, or tadpoles, have a diverse diet. Most are herbivores, feeding on plant matter, while others are detritivores, consuming decaying organic material. Additionally, some tadpoles are carnivorous, preying on small invertebrates, and even cannibalistic, consuming other tadpoles. They undergo more metamorphic changes compared to other lissamphibians, as they transform from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults. However, it is not mentioned whether larval anurans have true teeth or if most are filter feeders.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Evolution of jumping specializations in axial skeleton
- A.
Reduction in number of presacral vertebrae
- B.
9 or fewer presacral vertebrae
- C.
Lengthening of vertebral column
- D.
More rigid connections via large zygapophyses
- E.
Shortening of ilia
- F.
Fusion of caudal vertebrae forms urostyle
Correct Answer(s)
A. Reduction in number of presacral vertebrae
B. 9 or fewer presacral vertebrae
D. More rigid connections via large zygapophyses
F. Fusion of caudal vertebrae forms urostyleExplanation
The evolution of jumping specializations in the axial skeleton involves several changes. One of these changes is the reduction in the number of presacral vertebrae, specifically having 9 or fewer presacral vertebrae. This reduction allows for a shorter and more rigid vertebral column, which is beneficial for generating powerful jumps. Additionally, the large zygapophyses (joint processes) create more rigid connections between the vertebrae, further enhancing the stability of the axial skeleton during jumping. Lastly, the fusion of the caudal vertebrae forms the urostyle, a specialized structure that provides additional support and strength during jumping.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Evolution of jumping specializations in appendicular skeleton
- A.
Fusion of bones provides more flexible limb skeleton
- B.
Fusion of bones provides more effective transmission of muscle forces during jumping
- C.
Elongation of tarsal bones
- D.
Elongation of astragalus and calcaneum adds another limb segment for jumping
- E.
Elongation of distal foot bones (toes)
- F.
Elongation of toes lengthens foot for longer out-lever during jumping
Correct Answer(s)
B. Fusion of bones provides more effective transmission of muscle forces during jumping
C. Elongation of tarsal bones
D. Elongation of astragalus and calcaneum adds another limb segment for jumping
E. Elongation of distal foot bones (toes)
F. Elongation of toes lengthens foot for longer out-lever during jumpingExplanation
The fusion of bones provides more effective transmission of muscle forces during jumping, as the fused bones create a more rigid structure that allows for better force transfer. The elongation of tarsal bones, specifically the astragalus and calcaneum, adds another limb segment for jumping, increasing the overall length and leverage of the limb. Additionally, the elongation of the distal foot bones, or toes, lengthens the foot, providing a longer out-lever during jumping, which enhances the jumping ability.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Families in cold turbulent/torrential streams
- A.
Ascaphidae
- B.
Leiopelmatidae
- C.
Bombinatoridae
- D.
Pipidae
- E.
Heleophrynidae
- F.
Telmatobiidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ascaphidae
B. Leiopelmatidae
C. Bombinatoridae
E. Heleophrynidae -
- 26.
Families EXCLUSIVELY in high altitude habitats
- A.
Bombinatoridae
- B.
Ceuthomantidae
- C.
Telmatobiidae
Correct Answer(s)
B. Ceuthomantidae
C. TelmatobiidaeExplanation
Ceuthomantidae and Telmatobiidae are the correct answers because both families are exclusively found in high altitude habitats. This means that these families are specifically adapted to survive and thrive in environments with high altitudes, such as mountainous regions. They have likely developed physiological and behavioral adaptations to cope with the challenges of living at high altitudes, such as lower oxygen levels and colder temperatures.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Neurotoxin
- A.
Lipid-soluble
- B.
Some irreversibly block ion channels
- C.
Toxins sequester from prey
- D.
Aposematic colors and patterns correspond with toxicity
- E.
Evolved once in anurans
Correct Answer(s)
A. Lipid-soluble
B. Some irreversibly block ion channels
C. Toxins sequester from prey
D. Aposematic colors and patterns correspond with toxicity -
- 28.
Which of the following is true of Anura?
- A.
"Anura" is the clade including all extant frogs
- B.
"Salientia" includes extinct lineages closer to Anura than other Lissamphibians
- C.
"Salientia" is the clade including all extant frogs
- D.
54 families
- E.
10 families in USA
- F.
448 genera
- G.
7,043 species
Correct Answer(s)
A. "Anura" is the clade including all extant frogs
B. "Salientia" includes extinct lineages closer to Anura than other Lissamphibians
D. 54 families
E. 10 families in USA
F. 448 genera
G. 7,043 speciesExplanation
The correct answer is "Anura" is the clade including all extant frogs. This means that Anura is a group that includes all living species of frogs. "Salientia" includes extinct lineages closer to Anura than other Lissamphibians, which means that Salientia is a group that includes extinct frog species that are more closely related to Anura than other types of amphibians. The information about the number of families, genera, and species is not relevant to the question.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following is true of anuran anatomy?
- A.
Reduction and fusion of skull elements
- B.
Presence of teeth on mandible
- C.
No tail in adult
- D.
Tongue attached at front of mouth and flips forward
- E.
Fused caudal vertebrae make urostyle
- F.
Powerful muscles attach to urostyle for saltation
- G.
5-9 presacral vertebrae
- H.
Less vertebrae in basal lineages
- I.
Larval gills are contained in gill chambers
Correct Answer(s)
A. Reduction and fusion of skull elements
C. No tail in adult
D. Tongue attached at front of mouth and flips forward
E. Fused caudal vertebrae make urostyle
F. Powerful muscles attach to urostyle for saltation
G. 5-9 presacral vertebrae
I. Larval gills are contained in gill chambersExplanation
Anurans, or frogs and toads, have several unique anatomical features. The reduction and fusion of skull elements is true in anuran anatomy, meaning that certain bones in the skull have become smaller and fused together. Anurans also lack a tail in their adult form, which sets them apart from other amphibians. The tongue of anurans is attached at the front of the mouth and flips forward to catch prey. Fused caudal vertebrae make up the urostyle, a specialized bone that provides support for powerful muscles used in jumping, or saltation. Anurans typically have 5-9 presacral vertebrae, and larval gills are contained in gill chambers.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following is true of anuran distribution?
- A.
Occur on all continents except Antarctica
- B.
Occur on all continents except Antarctica and Australia
- C.
Most diverse in tropics
- D.
In arid regions more than salamanders
- E.
On islands more than salamanders
Correct Answer(s)
A. Occur on all continents except Antarctica
C. Most diverse in tropics
D. In arid regions more than salamanders
E. On islands more than salamandersExplanation
Anurans, which are a group of amphibians that includes frogs and toads, are found on all continents except Antarctica. They have a higher diversity in the tropics, where the warm and humid climate provides favorable conditions for their survival and reproduction. In arid regions, anurans are more abundant compared to salamanders, as they are better adapted to tolerate drier conditions. Additionally, anurans are more commonly found on islands compared to salamanders, possibly due to their ability to disperse and colonize new habitats.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Triadobatrachus massinoti traits
- A.
>200 mya
- B.
Jurassic
- C.
Less specialized for jumping than extant forms
- D.
Had a tail
- E.
Had a reduced skull
- F.
Had more skull bones
- G.
Partially fused distal tibia and fibula
- H.
Had more vertebrae (14)
- I.
Elongated ilia
- J.
Elongated tarsal and distal foot bones
- K.
Outgroup to determine character polarity
Correct Answer(s)
A. >200 mya
B. Jurassic
C. Less specialized for jumping than extant forms
D. Had a tail
E. Had a reduced skull
G. Partially fused distal tibia and fibula
H. Had more vertebrae (14)
K. Outgroup to determine character polarityExplanation
This answer provides a list of traits that describe Triadobatrachus massinoti. It states that Triadobatrachus massinoti lived over 200 million years ago during the Jurassic period. It also mentions that Triadobatrachus massinoti was less specialized for jumping compared to current frog species, had a tail, had a reduced skull, partially fused distal tibia and fibula, had more vertebrae (14), and was considered an outgroup to determine character polarity.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Bird poop mimics
- A.
Megophryidae
- B.
Hemiphractidae
- C.
Mantellidae
- D.
Ceratophryidae
- E.
Hyperoliidae
- F.
Brachycephalidae
- G.
Craugastoridae
- H.
Rhacophoridae
- I.
Microhylidae
Correct Answer(s)
E. Hyperoliidae
F. Brachycephalidae
G. Craugastoridae
H. Rhacophoridae
I. Microhylidae -
- 33.
Leaf mimics
- A.
Megophryidae
- B.
Hemiphractidae
- C.
Mantellidae
- D.
Ceratophryidae
- E.
Hyperoliidae
- F.
Brachycephalidae
- G.
Craugastoridae
- H.
Rhacophoridae
- I.
Microhylidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Megophryidae
B. Hemiphractidae
C. Mantellidae
D. Ceratophryidae -
- 34.
Families with tadpoles EXCLUSIVELY with suctorial mouths
- A.
Ascaphidae
- B.
Heleophrynidae
- C.
Nasikabatrachidae
- D.
Calyptocephalellidae
- E.
Cycloramphidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ascaphidae
B. Heleophrynidae
C. NasikabatrachidaeExplanation
The correct answer is Ascaphidae, Heleophrynidae, and Nasikabatrachidae. These three families have tadpoles exclusively with suctorial mouths. This means that their tadpoles have specialized mouths adapted for suction feeding, allowing them to attach to surfaces and feed on small particles or organisms. The other two families, Calyptocephalellidae and Cycloramphidae, do not have tadpoles with suctorial mouths.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Families with no tongue
- A.
Pipidae
- B.
Ceratophryidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pipidae
B. CeratophryidaeExplanation
Pipidae and Ceratophryidae are both families of amphibians. The question is asking for the correct answer, which is a list of these two families. Therefore, the answer is Pipidae, Ceratophryidae.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Families with toe discs
- A.
Heleophrynidae
- B.
Centrolenidae
- C.
Hylidae
- D.
Ceratobatrachidae
- E.
Hyperoliidae
- F.
Microhylidae
- G.
Rhacophoridae
- H.
Ranidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Heleophrynidae
B. Centrolenidae
C. Hylidae
D. Ceratobatrachidae
E. Hyperoliidae
F. Microhylidae
G. Rhacophoridae -
- 37.
Families with webbed feet
- A.
Heleophrynidae
- B.
Centrolenidae
- C.
Hylidae
- D.
Ceratobatrachidae
- E.
Hyperoliidae
- F.
Microhylidae
- G.
Rhacophoridae
- H.
Ranidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Heleophrynidae
C. Hylidae
G. Rhacophoridae
H. RanidaeExplanation
The correct answer includes the families Heleophrynidae, Hylidae, Rhacophoridae, and Ranidae. These families are known for having webbed feet. Webbed feet are a common adaptation in amphibians that allows them to swim more efficiently. The webbing between their toes increases the surface area of their feet, providing better propulsion in water. Heleophrynidae is a family of frogs found in southern Africa, Hylidae is a diverse family of tree frogs found worldwide, Rhacophoridae is a family of tree frogs found in Asia and Africa, and Ranidae is a family of true frogs found worldwide. All of these families have species that are adapted to an aquatic or semi-aquatic lifestyle, hence the presence of webbed feet.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Families EXCLUSIVELY with direct development
- A.
Sooglossidae
- B.
Brachycephalidae
- C.
Craugastoridae
- D.
Ceratobatrachidae
- E.
Bufonidae
- F.
Microhylidae
- G.
Mantellidae
Correct Answer(s)
B. Brachycephalidae
C. Craugastoridae
D. CeratobatrachidaeExplanation
The families Brachycephalidae, Craugastoridae, and Ceratobatrachidae are exclusively associated with direct development. This means that the species within these families do not undergo a larval stage and instead develop directly into miniature versions of the adults. This is in contrast to other amphibians that typically have an aquatic larval stage, such as tadpoles. By exclusively utilizing direct development, these families have adapted to bypass the need for a water environment for their young, allowing them to thrive in a wider range of habitats.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Families EXCLUSIVELY with explosive breeding
- A.
Rhinophrynidae
- B.
Scaphiopodidae
- C.
Nasikabatrachidae
- D.
Brevicipitidae
- E.
Microhylidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rhinophrynidae
B. Scaphiopodidae
C. Nasikabatrachidae
D. BrevicipitidaeExplanation
These families, Rhinophrynidae, Scaphiopodidae, Nasikabatrachidae, and Brevicipitidae, are known for their explosive breeding behavior. Explosive breeding refers to a reproductive strategy where large numbers of individuals gather at breeding sites for a short period of time to mate and lay eggs. This behavior is often triggered by specific environmental cues, such as rainfall or temperature changes. It allows for a synchronized and efficient breeding event, maximizing the chances of successful reproduction. The family Microhylidae is not known for this specific breeding behavior.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Families that carry eggs on back
- A.
Leiopelmatidae
- B.
Alytidae
- C.
Pipidae
- D.
Sooglossidae
- E.
Hemiphractidae
- F.
Dendrobatidae
- G.
Myobatrachidae
- H.
Rhinodermatidae
Correct Answer(s)
B. Alytidae
C. PipidaeExplanation
The correct answer is Alytidae and Pipidae because these families are known to have species that carry their eggs on their backs. Alytidae, also known as midwife toads, are a family of frogs that exhibit parental care by the male carrying eggs on its back until they hatch. Pipidae, also known as tongueless frogs, have species that carry their eggs on their backs as well. This behavior is an adaptation to protect the eggs and provide them with oxygen until they are ready to hatch.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Families that carry tadpoles on back
- A.
Leiopelmatidae
- B.
Alytidae
- C.
Pipidae
- D.
Sooglossidae
- E.
Hemiphractidae
- F.
Dendrobatidae
- G.
Myobatrachidae
- H.
Rhinodermatidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Leiopelmatidae
D. Sooglossidae
E. Hemiphractidae
F. DendrobatidaeExplanation
The correct answer includes the families Leiopelmatidae, Sooglossidae, Hemiphractidae, and Dendrobatidae. These families are known for carrying tadpoles on their back.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Families that carry tadpoles in gastric cavity
- A.
Leiopelmatidae
- B.
Alytidae
- C.
Pipidae
- D.
Sooglossidae
- E.
Hemiphractidae
- F.
Dendrobatidae
- G.
Myobatrachidae
- H.
Rhinodermatidae
Correct Answer
G. MyobatrachidaeExplanation
Myobatrachidae is the correct answer because it is a family of frogs that includes species known to carry their tadpoles in their gastric cavity. This behavior is called gastric brooding and it is a unique reproductive strategy where the female swallows her eggs after fertilization and keeps them in her stomach until they hatch into tadpoles. This adaptation allows the tadpoles to develop in a safe and protected environment until they are ready to be released into the water.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Families that carry tadpoles in vocal sac
- A.
Leiopelmatidae
- B.
Alytidae
- C.
Pipidae
- D.
Sooglossidae
- E.
Hemiphractidae
- F.
Dendrobatidae
- G.
Myobatrachidae
- H.
Rhinodermatidae
Correct Answer
H. RhinodermatidaeExplanation
Rhinodermatidae is the correct answer because they are the only family among the given options that carry tadpoles in vocal sacs. Vocal sacs are specialized structures found in male frogs that are used to amplify their mating calls. In the case of Rhinodermatidae, the males carry the tadpoles in their vocal sacs until they are ready to be released into water, providing them with protection and nourishment. This unique behavior sets Rhinodermatidae apart from the other families listed.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Families EXCLUSIVELY with internal fertilization
- A.
Ascaphidae
- B.
Leiopelmatidae
- C.
Eleutherodactylidae
- D.
Bufonidae
- E.
Mantellidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ascaphidae
B. LeiopelmatidaeExplanation
Ascaphidae and Leiopelmatidae are the correct answers because they are families that exclusively reproduce through internal fertilization. Internal fertilization is a method of reproduction in which the sperm is deposited inside the female's body, where fertilization occurs. This is in contrast to external fertilization, where the eggs and sperm are released into the environment and fertilization occurs outside the body. The other families listed, Eleutherodactylidae, Bufonidae, and Mantellidae, may also reproduce through internal fertilization, but they are not exclusively limited to this method.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Families endemic to sub-Saharan Africa
- A.
Arthroleptidae
- B.
Hemisotidae
- C.
Brevicipitidae
- D.
Hyperoliidae
- E.
Hylodidae
- F.
Brachycephalidae
- G.
Cycloramphidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Arthroleptidae
B. Hemisotidae
C. BrevicipitidaeExplanation
The correct answer includes the families Arthroleptidae, Hemisotidae, and Brevicipitidae. These families are all endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, meaning they are found exclusively in this region. This suggests that they have evolved and adapted to the specific environmental conditions and ecosystems present in sub-Saharan Africa.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Families endemic to Brazilian Atlantic rainforests
- A.
Arthroleptidae
- B.
Hemisotidae
- C.
Brevicipitidae
- D.
Hyperoliidae
- E.
Hylodidae
- F.
Brachycephalidae
- G.
Cycloramphidae
Correct Answer(s)
E. Hylodidae
F. Brachycephalidae
G. CycloramphidaeExplanation
The correct answer is Hylodidae, Brachycephalidae, and Cycloramphidae. These three families, Hylodidae, Brachycephalidae, and Cycloramphidae, are all endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic rainforests. Endemic species are those that are found exclusively in a specific geographic area and are not naturally found anywhere else. In this case, these families of amphibians are unique to the Brazilian Atlantic rainforests and cannot be found in any other rainforest or region in the world.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Families that occur South of Wallace's Line
- A.
Hylidae
- B.
Ceratobatrachidae
- C.
Microhylidae
- D.
Rhacophoridae
- E.
Ranidae
- F.
Myobatrachidae
- G.
Bufonidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hylidae
B. Ceratobatrachidae
C. Microhylidae
D. Rhacophoridae
E. Ranidae
F. Myobatrachidae -
- 48.
Families that occur South of Webber's Line
- A.
Hylidae
- B.
Ceratobatrachidae
- C.
Microhylidae
- D.
Rhacophoridae
- E.
Ranidae
- F.
Myobatrachidae
- G.
Bufonidae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hylidae
B. Ceratobatrachidae
C. Microhylidae
E. Ranidae
F. MyobatrachidaeExplanation
The given answer includes the families Hylidae, Ceratobatrachidae, Microhylidae, Ranidae, and Myobatrachidae. These families are all groups of frogs that are found south of Webber's Line. This line is a biogeographic boundary that separates the Asian and Australian regions. Therefore, these families are specific to the Australian region and are not found north of Webber's Line.Rate this question:
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