1.
Anaesthetic implication in Gaisbock’s syndrome is?
Correct Answer
B. Risk of deep vein thrombosis
Explanation
Gaisbock’s syndrome is polycythemia due to reduction in plasma volume.
Anaesthetic implications include cardiovascular problems and risk of deep vein thrombosis.
2.
Facial nerve exits the skull via?
Correct Answer
B. Stylomastoid foramen
Explanation
After traversing a short distance in the facial canal, facial nerve exits the skull via stylomastoid foramen and subdivides to supply the facial muscles.
3.
Choose the incorrect statement about growth factors or genes in embryogenesis
Correct Answer
C. TGF – formation of intracellular matrix
Explanation
TGF – formation of extracellular matrix
4.
Below image showing “ Nut cracker phenomena” . Identify the artery marked with the red arrow
Correct Answer
A. Superior mesenteric artery
Explanation
The correct answer is the superior mesenteric artery. The image shows a phenomenon known as the "nutcracker phenomenon," which refers to the compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. This compression can result in symptoms such as hematuria, flank pain, and varicocele. Therefore, the artery marked with the red arrow in the image is the superior mesenteric artery.
5.
The enzyme used for the mapping of hypersensitive sites in recombinant DNA research is?
Correct Answer
A. DNase I
Explanation
DNA ligase is used for joining of DNA molecules.
DNA polymerase I is used for synthesis of double stranded cDNA.
Polynucleotide kinase is used for T-32 end labeling of DNA or RNA.
6.
Products from Tryptophan are all except
Correct Answer
D. Melanin
Explanation
Melanin produced from tyrosine
7.
The enzyme catalyzing the production of orotidylic acid is?
Correct Answer
D. Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase
Explanation
In the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, the enzyme aspartyl transcarbamoylase catalyses the combination of carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate.
Dihydro orotase catalyses the production of dihydro orotic acid.
Dihydro orotate dehydrogenase catalyses the production of orotic acid from dihydro orotic acid.
Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase is the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of orotidylic acid (Orotidine 5′-monophosphate).
8.
True about hypermagnesemia are all except?
Correct Answer
D. Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
Explanation
Loss of deep tenson reflexes is the early feature.
9.
Neoplastic dyskeratosis is seen in?
Correct Answer
D. Actinic keratosis
Explanation
Benign dyskeratosis is seen in Darier’s disease, Warty dyskeratoma and Familial benign pemphigus.
Neoplastic dyskeratosis is seen in Bowen’s disease, Squamous cell carcinoma and Actinic keratosis
10.
Choose the incorrect statement
Correct Answer
A. Following skin condition is caused by elemental Molybdenum deficiency
Explanation
Image is showing Acrodermatitis enteropathica caused by elemental ZINC deficiency
11.
Hitzelberger’s sign is?
Correct Answer
B. Hypoesthesia of the posterior meatal wall
Explanation
Hitzelberger’s sign is seen in acoustic neuroma.
It occurs due to involvement of the 7th cranial nerve.
There is early involvement of the sensory fibers which causes hypoesthesia of the posterior meatal wall.
Paraesthesia of face and reduced corneal sensitivity occurs due to involvement of 5th cranial nerve.
12.
Pain in tonsillar fossa and upper neck is characteristic of?
Correct Answer
A. Eagle's syndrome
Explanation
Eagle’s syndrome is characterised by pain in tonsillar fossa and upper neck.
Pain radiates of ipsilateral ear.
There is aggravation of pain on swallowing.
It is caused by calcification of stylohyoid ligament / elongation of styloid process
13.
Danbury tremor is seen in?
Correct Answer
A. Mercury poisoning
Explanation
Danbury tremor is a classical and consistent manifestation of mercury poisoning.
It is a coarse intentional tremor interspersed with jerky movements.
It begins in the hand and progresses to lips, tongue, arms and legs.
14.
‘Paradox gun’ is a?
Correct Answer
A. Shot gun
Explanation
Some shotguns have a small portion of their bore near their muzzle end rifled.
There are called paradox guns.
15.
Choose the incorrect statement
Correct Answer
D. None
Explanation
The given answer is "None" because all the statements provided are correct. The Rose-Waaler test is indeed a hemagglutination test that is performed in Rheumatoid arthritis. The RA factor, which is an autoantibody, can cause the agglutination of red cells that are coated with globulins. Therefore, there is no incorrect statement among the options provided.
16.
Brazilian purpuric fever is caused by?
Correct Answer
B. Hemophilus aegypticus
Explanation
Brazilian purpuric fever is caused by Haemophilus aegyptius.
It is characterised by conjunctivitis which proceeds to fulminant septicemia in infants and children.
There is high fatality.
It was first recognized in Brazil in 1984.
17.
True about Noroviruses are all except?
Correct Answer
C. Reoviridae family
Explanation
Noroviruses are single stranded RNA viruses.
They belong to the Caliciviridae family.
They are responsible for 50% of the gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide.
It usually spread via faecal-oral route.
But aerosols of the virus if inhaled, settle in the pharynx and is later swallowed.
Researchers at the Université Laval, Québec, Canada have found out that the aerosolized virus preserved its infectivity and integrity during in vitro aerosol studies.
18.
Which statement is false about following lesion?
Correct Answer
C. Caused by Borrelia recurrentis
Explanation
Erythema chronicum migrans is a rash often seen in the early stages of Lyme disease.
It is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Lyme disease is a zoonosis which is spread to humans by tick bite
The rash appears a few days after the tick bite
19.
Tumour secreting placental alkaline phosphatase is?
Correct Answer
C. Dysgerminoma
Explanation
Dysgerminoma corresponds to seminoma of the testis.
It is usually seen in young women or children.
It secretes placental alkaline phosphatase.
It does not secrete male of female sex hormones.
20.
What factor influences most the pregnancy rate with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)?
Correct Answer
A. Women's age
Explanation
Women's age is the most influential factor on the pregnancy rate with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This is because a woman's age directly affects her fertility and the quality of her eggs. As women age, the number and quality of their eggs decline, making it more difficult to achieve a successful pregnancy. Therefore, the older a woman is, the lower her chances of getting pregnant through ICSI.
21.
All are features of mullerian agenesis except
Correct Answer
A. Absent ovary
Explanation
Mullerian agenesis, also known as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, is a congenital condition characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the uterus, vagina, cervix, and fallopian tubes. However, the ovaries are typically present and functional in individuals with this syndrome. Therefore, the absence of the ovary is not a feature of Mullerian agenesis, making it the correct answer in this case.
22.
WHO criteria for near miss maternal mortality include all except
Correct Answer
C. Oxygen saturation of < 90% for more than 60 minutes
Explanation
The WHO criteria for near miss maternal mortality include various indicators that suggest severe maternal morbidity. These indicators include the requirement of vasoactive drugs, shock, and acute thrombocytopenia with platelet counts below 1,00,000. However, oxygen saturation of less than 90% for more than 60 minutes is not included in the WHO criteria for near miss maternal mortality. This means that a prolonged period of low oxygen saturation alone does not meet the criteria for near miss maternal mortality according to the WHO.
23.
Following logo represents?
Correct Answer
A. National disaster management authority
Explanation
Headed by Prime minister
24.
Identify the nodules in slit lamp
Correct Answer
B. Koeppe nodules
Explanation
KP at inner margin of iris seen in granulomatous anterior uveitis
25.
Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly seen in a pregnant mother who is on phenytoin therapy for epilepsy?
Correct Answer
C. Folic acid
Explanation
Folic acid absorption is decreased and its excretion is increased in those using phenytoin. Other vitamin deficiencies seen in phenytoin users : Vitamin D, Vitamin K. Hence pregnant woman on phenytoin should take folic acid, cholecalciferol and phytonadione supplements.
26.
All of the following are seen in Favre-Goldmann syndrome except?
Correct Answer
A. Ectopia lentis
Explanation
Favre-Goldmann syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition.
It usually presents in childhood with nyctalopia.
Central and peripheral retinoschisis is present.
There is marked pigmentary changes similar to retinitis pigmentosa.
27.
Following fundus picture is suggestive of?
Correct Answer
B. Coat's disease
Explanation
Coats' disease, is a rare congenital, nonhereditary eye disorder, causing full or partial blindness, characterized by abnormal development of blood vessels behind the retina. Coats' disease can also fall under glaucoma.
28.
Cogan’s syndrome is associated with?
Correct Answer
A. Keratitis
Explanation
Cogan’s syndrome is seen in middle aged adults.
The features include interstitial keratitis, acute tinnitus, vertigo and deafness.
Treatment is by usage of topical and systemic corticosteroids.
Early treatment is necessary to prevent permanent deafness and blindness.
29.
Which ocular condition is this?
Correct Answer
B. Superficial vascularization of cornea
Explanation
ophtha, tough
30.
In case of reimplantation of an amputated digit, which of the following structures is fixed first?
Correct Answer
B. Bone
Explanation
Debride the area and clean the wound
Fixation of bone
Repair of extensor tendons
Repair of flexor tendons
Arterial repair
Nerve repair
Venous repair
Closure of the skin wound
31.
True statement about involucrum and sequestrum:
Correct Answer
C. Sequestrum is surrounded by involucrum
Explanation
The correct answer is that sequestrum is surrounded by involucrum. This means that when there is a piece of dead bone (sequestrum), it is encased or surrounded by a sheath of new bone formation (involucrum). This is a common occurrence in conditions such as osteomyelitis, where the body tries to isolate and contain the dead bone by forming new bone around it.
32.
Identify the fracture in x ray
Correct Answer
B. Jones #
Explanation
# of fifth metatarsal of foot
33.
All are true about separation anxiety disorder except:
Correct Answer
D. Average age of onset is 4 years
Explanation
Separation anxiety disorder is a common childhood anxiety disorder.
It has a prevalence is 3.5% to 5.4%.
It is more common in girls.
The average age of onset is 7.5 years.
Children have unrealistic worries about separation from a major attachment figure.
Comorbidity is common.
Usually present with school refusal and physical complaints related to anxiety.
34.
Which of the following is an X linked disease?
Correct Answer
B. Fabry's disease
Explanation
Friedreich’s ataxia is an autosomal recessive disease.
Osteogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disease.
Cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive.
35.
A 37 year female Sheena Mehra gives birth to a male child at 31 weeks of gestation. Birth weight of the child was 1.8 kg. The baby cried immediately after birth. On giving routine care to the baby it was observed that baby was having 2 umbilical artery and 1 umbilical vein. Baby developed tachypnoe , subcostal retractions, intercostal retractions and moderate metabolic acidosis at 3 hours of life. spO2 was noted to be 84 % on 2 L supplemental Oxygen. The x ray of the baby was done. Suggest the diagnosis with history and x ray
Correct Answer
B. Hyaline membrane disease
Explanation
Diffuse ground glass appearance in x ray and history is suggestive of hyaline membrane disease .
36.
The most common type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is:
Correct Answer
A. Supracardiac
Explanation
pedia , medium
37.
The gene NPHS1 encodes?
Correct Answer
A. Nephrin
Explanation
NPHS1 was the first gene to be identified as the cause for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
This gene encodes the protein Nephrin, which is an important component of the slit diaphragm.
NPHS2 gene encodes the protein Podocin.
38.
The enzyme deficient in Wolman disease is?
Correct Answer
D. Acid lipase
Explanation
patho,easy
39.
Fibers shown in histo pathology slide is commonly seen in?
Correct Answer
B. Pilocytic astrocytoma
Explanation
Rosenthal fibers in pilocytic astrocytoma
40.
The most potent activators of naive T cells?
Correct Answer
D. Mature dendritic cells
Explanation
Activation of T cells need 2 sets of signals:
1] T cell receptor complex (TCR with CD4+ or CD8+) on the T cells should bind with the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) on the Antigen Presenting Cells (APC).
2] Non specific costimulatory signal due to the interaction of the costimulators present on the antigen presenting cells.
Mature dendritic cells have the highest number of costimulators.
Therefore, they are the most potent activators of naive T cells.
41.
Which of the following is the marker for granulocytic sarcoma?
Correct Answer
D. CD 33
Explanation
CD 33 is the marker for granulocytic sarcoma. Granulocytic sarcoma, also known as chloroma or myeloid sarcoma, is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells. CD 33 is a cell surface marker that is typically expressed on myeloid cells, including granulocytes. Therefore, the presence of CD 33 can help identify and diagnose granulocytic sarcoma. CD 10, CD 13, and CD 30 are not specific markers for granulocytic sarcoma.
42.
Pap smear finding is suggestive of?
Correct Answer
B. Actinomycosis
Explanation
Fluffy cotton ball appearance in pap smear is characteristic of actinomycosis
43.
Which of the following is true regarding Maraviroc?
Correct Answer
D. Impairs immune surveillance
Explanation
Maraviroc is a CCR5 receptor inhibitor.
It interferes with the attachment of HIV virus to the host cell.
It has no effect on the strains of HIV which are tropic for CXCR4 receptor.
It is given orally.
Impaired immune surveillance can result due to blocking of human chemokine receptor CCR5.
44.
Most potent fluoroquinolone against Mycobacterium leprae is?
Correct Answer
C. Moxifloxacin
Explanation
Ciprofloxacin has poor activity against Mycobacterium leprae.
Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Moxifloxacin and Sparfloxacin have high level of activity against Mycobacterium leprae.
Among them, Moxifloxacin is the most potent.
45.
Shortest acting non benzodiazepine hypnotic is?
Correct Answer
A. Zaleplon
Explanation
Zaleplon is the shortest acting non benzodiazepine hypnotic.
It has selective action on benzodiazepine receptors containing alpha 1 subunit.
It has rapid hepatic clearance with a half life of one hour.
Morning sedation is absent due to shortness of action.
46.
Amylin analogue is
Correct Answer
D. Pramlintide
Explanation
Amylin (Islet Amyloid Polypeptide) is produced by pancreatic beta cells.
Pramlintide is an amylin analogue.
It is given as subcutaneous injection before meals.
47.
Which is a true statement regarding inhibin?
Correct Answer
D. It is a glycoprotein.
Explanation
Inhibin is secreted by the sertoli cells in males and by the granulosa cells in females.
It inhibits the secretion of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone.
It is a glycoprotein with molecular weight between 10,000 and 30,000.
48.
Regarding somatomedin, which is true?
Correct Answer
B. Increases chondrogenesis
Explanation
Somatomedin increases glucose oxidation in fat.
Activity of somatomedin is reduced by protein deficiency and glucocorticoids.
It has insulin like effect on tissues and causes lipolysis and increased glucose and amino acid transport by muscle.
49.
Most important mechanism which gets triggered in the first few hours after large increase in salt and water intake is?
Correct Answer
C. Activation of low pressure receptor reflexes
Explanation
As sodium intake is increased, sodium output initially lags slightly behind the intake.
This time delay causes small increase in cumulative sodium balance.
This leads to slight increase in extracellular fluid volume.
This increase in extracellular fluid volume triggers various mechanisms in the body to increase sodium excretion.
On intake of large quantities of salt and water, signals from the stretch receptors of the right atrium and the pulmonary blood vessels go to the brain stem.
This will inhibit sympathetic nerve activity to the kidney.
This in turn leads to decrease in tubular sodium reabsorption.
This mechanism is most important in the first few hours after large increase in salt and water intake.
50.
40 year old female came to the OPD with complaints of with depressed mood, insomnia, loss of appetite and lack of interest in surroundings for the past 1 year. These symptoms appeared after loss in a business deal 1 year ago. Which is correct regarding the management?
Correct Answer
B. Antidepressants should be given based on the side effect profile