Quiz 1 Fluoro

Question 1

Which unit of measure is the International System of Units (SI) term for dose equivalent?

Accepted Answer

sievert (Sv)

Answer

becquerel (Bq)

Answer

Roentgen (R)

Answer

Curie (Ci)

Question 2

According to the article, effective dose is probably the most useful way to express and compare the dose delivered by different imaging procedures because it:

Accepted Answer

takes into account the distribution of dose to the radiosensitive organs in the body.

Answer

is expressed in both becquerel and curie.

Answer

measures the accumulated dose from multiple exposures.

Answer

describes the ionization of atoms in air.

Question 3

Which of the following conditions is an example of a stochastic radiation effect?

Accepted Answer

leukemia

Answer

erythema from radiation therapy

Answer

epilation

Answer

fibrosis

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the three fundamental principles of radiation protection?

Accepted Answer

15% rule

Answer

time

Answer

shielding

Answer

distance

Question 5

X-rays are subject to the inverse square law. What implication does this law have for radiation protection?

Accepted Answer

The amount of radiation a person receives depends on the distance he or she is from the source.

Answer

The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is directly proportional to the time of exposure.

Answer

The thickness of a shielding material must be one-tenth the value of its absorbing capacity.

Answer

The amount of scatter radiation is inversely related to the incident angle of the x-ray tube.

Question 6

The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) requires certain workers to be monitored for occupational radiation exposure. Which of the following people are included in this requirement? 

1. A person who potentially could receive 10% of the maximum annual dose limit. 
2. Operators of mobile x-ray equipment. 
3. Any person who occasionally works in a building with a designated &ldquo;high radiation area.&rdquo;

Accepted Answer

1 and 2

Answer

1 and 3

Answer

2 and 3

Answer

1, 2, and 3

Question 7

According to NRCP Report No. 116, the annual effective dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is _____ mSv ( _____ rem).

Accepted Answer

50 (5)

Answer

70 (7)

Answer

150 (15)

Answer

200 (2)

Question 8

Which of the following fluoroscopy techniques are consistent with the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle in lowering radiation doses to patients? 

1. using magnification mode. 
2. using the last image-hold feature. 
3. using intermittent fluoroscopy.

Accepted Answer

2 and 3

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

1 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Question 9

According to the article, in a court of law, &ldquo;care not documented is care not done.&rdquo; Which of the following items should be documented to maintain legal standards of care? 

1. radiation dose 
2. contrast media and IV medication administration 
3. fluoroscopy time

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

1 and 3

Answer

2 and 3

Question 10

What is the most commonly used shielding material found in x-ray rooms?

Accepted Answer

lead

Answer

brick

Answer

wood

Answer

concrete

Question 11

What is the half-value layer?

Accepted Answer

a term that describes the efficiency of a radiation-absorbing material

Answer

the number of coatings used in optically clear lead glasses

Answer

the length of a wraparound lead apron

Answer

a measurement of the source-to-table top distance

Question 12

In addition to reducing patient dose, what is another benefit of collimators?

Accepted Answer

decreased image noise from scatter radiation

Answer

larger field sizes

Answer

faster imaging times

Answer

the need for less room shielding

Question 13

Tube current (mA) controls the quantity of the x-rays produced per unit of time. If the mA is doubled, then dose to the patient and staff is _____ .

Accepted Answer

doubled

Answer

tripled

Answer

reduced by one-tenth

Answer

reduced by one-half

Question 14

Which of the following is the most commonly used beam-limiting device?

Accepted Answer

collimator

Answer

interlock

Answer

grid

Answer

filter

Question 15

Which of the following radiation protection methods limits unnecessary exposure by reducing the number of photons in the x-ray beam?

Accepted Answer

filtration

Answer

screening

Answer

shielding

Answer

separation

Question 16

Although lead aprons do not prevent all x-rays from reaching the wearer, they reduce radiation exposure by_____ %

Accepted Answer

80

Answer

75

Answer

50

Answer

45

Question 17

Which of the following positioning methods may reduce patient radiation dose? 

1. Rotate the patient so the gonads are away from the primary beam. 
2. Place the patient on the table, slightly off center. 
3. Position the patient so that radiosensitive areas receive the exit dose.

Accepted Answer

1 and 3

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

2 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Question 18

During fluoroscopy, the tableside operator receives the highest occupational radiation dose, with the highest levels directed at the waist.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 19

The Joint Commission requires a medical physicist to establish patient doses for commonly performed examinations by each radiographic unit. The dose delivered during fluoroscopy should be limited to _____ Gy ( _____ rad) per minute under normal circumstances.

Accepted Answer

0.1 (10)

Answer

1.5 (150)

Answer

1.0 (100)

Answer

0.5 (50)

Question 20

In fluoroscopy, high kilovolt peak (kVp) and low mA technical factors are preferred techniques to lower patient and radiology staff dose. The 15% rule states that increasing the kVp by 15% decreases the mAs by _____ %.

Accepted Answer

50

Answer

25

Answer

33

Answer

66

Question 21

The rapidly dividing cells of an embryo or fetus are highly sensitive to radiation, particularly in the first _____weeks of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

20

Answer

22

Answer

24

Answer

26

Question 22

Which of the following strategies are recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to reduce patient dose? 

1. defining rigorous referral criteria 
2. regularly assessing repeat rates 
3. choosing projections to minimize dose

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

1 and 3

Answer

2 and 3

Question 23

Where are the most common locations of fluoroscopy-associated radiation dermatitis following cardiac procedures?

1. scapular and subscapular areas

2. left lateral trunk below the axilla

3. right anterolateral chest

Accepted Answer

B) 1 and 3

Answer

A) 1 and 2

Answer

C) 2 and 3

Answer

D) 1, 2 and 3

Question 24

Which factors does the generator alter to maintain the appropriate entrance exposure at the image receptor that minimize patient entrance dose?

1. kVp

2. mA

3. pulse width

Accepted Answer

D) 1, 2 and 3

Answer

A) 1 and 2

Answer

B) 1 and 3

Answer

C) 2 and 3

Question 25

Spectral beam filters reduce dose by decreasing low-energy radiation. A 2.0-mm copper filter reduces the dose by _____ %.

Accepted Answer

C) 70

Answer

A) 60

Answer

B) 65

Answer

D) 75

Quiz 1 Fluoro

Which unit of measure is the International System of Units (SI) term for dose equivalent?

According to the article, effective dose is probably the most useful way to express and compare the dose delivered by different imaging procedures because it:

Which of the following conditions is an example of a stochastic radiation effect?

Which of the following is not one of the three fundamental principles of radiation protection?

X-rays are subject to the inverse square law. What implication does this law have for radiation protection?

According to NRCP Report No. 116, the annual effective dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is _____ mSv ( _____ rem).

Which of the following fluoroscopy techniques are consistent with the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle in lowering radiation doses to patients? 1. using magnification mode. 2. using the last image-hold feature. 3. using intermittent fluoroscopy.

According to the article, in a court of law, “care not documented is care not done.” Which of the following items should be documented to maintain legal standards of care? 1. radiation dose 2. contrast media and IV medication administration 3. fluoroscopy time

What is the most commonly used shielding material found in x-ray rooms?

What is the half-value layer?

In addition to reducing patient dose, what is another benefit of collimators?

Tube current (mA) controls the quantity of the x-rays produced per unit of time. If the mA is doubled, then dose to the patient and staff is _____ .

Which of the following is the most commonly used beam-limiting device?

Which of the following radiation protection methods limits unnecessary exposure by reducing the number of photons in the x-ray beam?

Although lead aprons do not prevent all x-rays from reaching the wearer, they reduce radiation exposure by_____ %

Which of the following positioning methods may reduce patient radiation dose? 1. Rotate the patient so the gonads are away from the primary beam. 2. Place the patient on the table, slightly off center. 3. Position the patient so that radiosensitive areas receive the exit dose.

During fluoroscopy, the tableside operator receives the highest occupational radiation dose, with the highest levels directed at the waist.

The Joint Commission requires a medical physicist to establish patient doses for commonly performed examinations by each radiographic unit. The dose delivered during fluoroscopy should be limited to _____ Gy ( _____ rad) per minute under normal circumstances.

In fluoroscopy, high kilovolt peak (kVp) and low mA technical factors are preferred techniques to lower patient and radiology staff dose. The 15% rule states that increasing the kVp by 15% decreases the mAs by _____ %.

The rapidly dividing cells of an embryo or fetus are highly sensitive to radiation, particularly in the first _____weeks of pregnancy.

Which of the following strategies are recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to reduce patient dose? 1. defining rigorous referral criteria 2. regularly assessing repeat rates 3. choosing projections to minimize dose

Where are the most common locations of fluoroscopy-associated radiation dermatitis following cardiac procedures? 1. scapular and subscapular areas 2. left lateral trunk below the axilla 3. right anterolateral chest

Which factors does the generator alter to maintain the appropriate entrance exposure at the image receptor that minimize patient entrance dose? 1. kVp 2. mA 3. pulse width

Spectral beam filters reduce dose by decreasing low-energy radiation. A 2.0-mm copper filter reduces the dose by _____ %.

Three to five magnification modes usually are available on most image intensifiers, and dose typically _____ with greater magnification.

Fluoroscopy operators should use the acquisition, or cine, mode sparingly because about _____ times more radiation per frame is needed to obtain diagnostic quality images than the fluoroscopy mode.

Which of the following are advantages of flat-panel detector fluoroscopy systems? 1. They are less expensive than image intensifier systems. 2. They offer less image distortion. 3. They allow more space for practitioners to maneuver.

Image processing techniques available with digital fluoroscopy to enhance image quality include: 1. last-image hold. 2. gray-scale processing. 3. temporal frame averaging.

The most common radiography/fluoroscopy (R/F) system configuration contains a(an):

Using the pulsed mode to reduce dose only works if the radiation exposure is set:

During fluoroscopy, the image intensifier should be as close to the patient as possible to: 1. reduce patient dose. 2. improve image quality. 3. increase magnification.

Which of the following steps usually occurs first in digital subtraction angiography?

To reduce motion blur, the pulse width should be no greater than _____ milliseconds in infants and children.

Although it has no formal enforcement power, which organization has published 2 reports that serve as the basis for radiation regulations in the United States, Canada and other countries?

The annual effective dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals set by the ICRP is _____ mSv.

The National Academy of Science, National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation issues documents known as BEIR reports. What is the focus of the most recent report, BEIR VII?

Which of the following features does the NIH require vendors to include on the imaging equipment the NIH Clinical Center purchases?

The Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 contains regulations pertaining to all of the following items except:

The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981 mandates the federal government to set minimum standards for:

The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981 cannot be enforced because:

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends documenting any skin dose of _____ Gy ( _____ rad) and noting the location on the skin with a diagram, annotated photograph or narrative description.

The use of _____ decreases patient dose during a fluoroscopic examination.

According to a survey conducted by the National Cancer Institute, what percentage of the population surveyed thought radiation was a significant cause of cancer in the United States; in reality, radiation exposure is responsible for only about 2% of all cancer deaths.

What is Image Gently?

Which of the following is not a typical component of the mobile fluoroscopic assembly?

Using proper collimation improves: 1. radiation protection. 2. field-of-view size. 3. visualization.

As photoelectrons strike the output phosphor of the image intensifier they are converted into _______ .

Which of the following are advantages of CCDs over a video tube camera system for mobile fluoroscopy? 1. CCDs eliminate lag. 2. CCDs are more sensitive than video tubes. 3. CCDs have higher operating voltages.

According to NRCP Report No. 116, the annual effective dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is _ mSv ( _ rem).

The Joint Commission requires a medical physicist to establish patient doses for commonly performed examinations by each radiographic unit. The dose delivered during fluoroscopy should be limited to _ Gy ( _ rad) per minute under normal circumstances.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends documenting any skin dose of _ Gy ( _ rad) and noting the location on the skin with a diagram, annotated photograph or narrative description.