Microbiology Trivia: MCQ Quiz! Exam
(193).jpg "Microbiology Trivia: MCQ Quiz! Exam - Quiz")
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following complement component is the common link in the classical and alternate pathway of the complement system?
- A.
C1
- B.
C2
- C.
C3
- D.
C4
Correct Answer
C. C3Explanation
C3 is the correct answer because it is the common link in both the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system. In the classical pathway, C3 is activated by C1, while in the alternative pathway, C3 is activated by spontaneous hydrolysis. Once activated, C3 plays a central role in the complement cascade by initiating the formation of the membrane attack complex and promoting inflammation and opsonization. Therefore, C3 is the key component that connects both pathways of the complement system.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following cell types are the most potent activators of native T cells?
- A.
B cells
- B.
Follicular dendritic cells
- C.
Mature dendritic cells
- D.
Macrophages
Correct Answer
C. Mature dendritic cellsExplanation
Mature dendritic cells are the most potent activators of native T cells. Dendritic cells are important antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune responses. They can capture, process, and present antigens to T cells, thereby activating them. Mature dendritic cells are particularly effective in this process as they express high levels of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines, which are necessary for T cell activation. B cells, follicular dendritic cells, and macrophages also play important roles in immune responses, but mature dendritic cells are known to be the most potent activators of T cells.Rate this question:
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- 3.
All the following statements about carbohydrates antigens are true except:
- A.
Good memory response
- B.
Poor immunogenecity
- C.
T cell independent immunity
- D.
Polyclonal response
Correct Answer
A. Good memory responseExplanation
The correct answer is "good memory response." This is because carbohydrates antigens typically do not elicit a strong memory response from the immune system. Unlike proteins or peptides, carbohydrates do not possess the necessary structural complexity to stimulate the production of memory B cells, which are responsible for long-term immune memory. Therefore, while the other statements are true (carbohydrates antigens generally have poor immunogenicity, do not induce T cell independent immunity, and can elicit a polyclonal response), the statement about a good memory response is not applicable to carbohydrates antigens.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Ovalbumin was injected into a rabbit. Which of the following classes of antibiotics are likely to be produced initially?
- A.
IgG
- B.
IgM
- C.
IgE
- D.
IgD
Correct Answer
C. IgEExplanation
When ovalbumin is injected into a rabbit, it triggers an immune response. IgE antibodies are typically involved in hypersensitivity reactions and allergic responses. Therefore, it is likely that IgE antibodies would be produced initially in response to the ovalbumin injection.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Peptide-binding site on class I MHC molecules for presenting processed antigens to CD8 T Cells is formed by:
- A.
Proximal domain of alpha subunits
- B.
Distal domain of alpha subunit
- C.
Proximal domains of alpha and beta subunits
- D.
Distal domains of alpha and beta subunits
Correct Answer
B. Distal domain of alpha subunitExplanation
The peptide-binding site on class I MHC molecules for presenting processed antigens to CD8 T cells is formed by the distal domain of the alpha subunit. This domain is responsible for binding to the processed antigen peptide and presenting it to CD8 T cells for immune recognition. The proximal domain of the alpha subunit and the distal domains of the alpha and beta subunits do not play a direct role in forming the peptide-binding site.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following statement regarding disinfectants is not true:
- A.
Hypochlorites are bactericidal and inactivated by organic matter
- B.
Glutaraldehyde is sporicidal and not inactivated by organic matter
- C.
Formaldehyde is bactericidal ,sporicidal and virucidal
- D.
Phenol is bactericidal and readily inactivated by organic matter
Correct Answer
D. Phenol is bactericidal and readily inactivated by organic matterExplanation
Phenol is not readily inactivated by organic matter. Phenol is a potent disinfectant that is effective against a wide range of microorganisms. It is known for its ability to kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Unlike some other disinfectants, phenol is not easily inactivated by organic matter, meaning it remains effective even in the presence of organic substances. This property makes phenol a valuable disinfectant in various settings, including healthcare facilities and laboratories.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Culture media used for diagnosis of EHEC O157: H7 is
- A.
O7 culture
- B.
Sorbitol mac conkey media
- C.
XLD agar
- D.
Deoxychlolate media
Correct Answer
B. Sorbitol mac conkey mediaExplanation
The correct answer is sorbitol mac conkey media. This culture media is used for the diagnosis of EHEC O157: H7 because it contains sorbitol as a carbohydrate source. EHEC O157: H7 is unable to ferment sorbitol, so when it is grown on this media, it appears colorless or pale instead of the typical pink/red colonies seen with other E. coli strains. This allows for the differentiation and identification of EHEC O157: H7 from other E. coli strains.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Primary receptors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is:
- A.
CD4
- B.
CD8
- C.
CD56
- D.
CD3
Correct Answer
A. CD4Explanation
CD4 is the correct answer because it is the primary receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infects and destroys CD4 T cells, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. The virus attaches to the CD4 receptor on the surface of these cells, enters them, and replicates, leading to the progressive weakening of the immune system and the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CD8, CD56, and CD3 are not the primary receptors for HIV.Rate this question:
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- 9.
All of the following are functions of CD4 helper cells except:
- A.
Immunogenic memory
- B.
Produce immunoglobulins
- C.
Activate macrophages
- D.
Activate cytotoxic cells
Correct Answer
B. Produce immunoglobulinsExplanation
CD4 helper cells are a type of immune cell that play a crucial role in coordinating the immune response. They help activate other immune cells, such as macrophages and cytotoxic cells, to fight off infections. Additionally, CD4 helper cells are involved in the development of immunogenic memory, which allows the immune system to remember and respond more effectively to future infections. However, CD4 helper cells themselves do not directly produce immunoglobulins, which are antibodies produced by B cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "produce immunoglobulins."Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is most resistant to antiseptics:
- A.
Spore
- B.
Prion
- C.
Cyst
- D.
Fungus
Correct Answer
B. PrionExplanation
Prions are the most resistant to antiseptics among the given options. Prions are infectious proteins that can cause diseases in animals and humans. They are highly resistant to disinfection methods, including antiseptics and sterilization techniques. This resistance is due to their unique structure and ability to withstand harsh conditions. Prions can survive in the environment for long periods, making them difficult to eliminate and control.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following statements about gram-positive cocci is false:
- A.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes UTI in females
- B.
Micrococci are oxidase positive
- C.
Most enterococci are sensitive to pencillin
- D.
Pneumococci are capsulated
Correct Answer
C. Most enterococci are sensitive to pencillinExplanation
Enterococci are known to have intrinsic resistance to penicillin. They possess a penicillin-binding protein that has low affinity for penicillin, making them less susceptible to its effects. Therefore, the statement that most enterococci are sensitive to penicillin is false.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following statements about prion is true:
- A.
They are infectious proteins
- B.
They are made up of bacteria and virus
- C.
They have rich nuclear material
- D.
They can be cultured in cell free media
Correct Answer
A. They are infectious proteinsExplanation
Prions are infectious proteins that can cause a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and mad cow disease. Unlike bacteria and viruses, prions do not have DNA or RNA, and they are not made up of cells. Prions are misfolded versions of normal cellular proteins, and they can convert normal proteins into the misfolded form, leading to the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain. Prions cannot be cultured in cell-free media, as they require living cells for replication.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A young male patient presented with UTI on urine examination pus cells were found but no organisms. Which method would be best used for culture?
- A.
Mc Coy culture
- B.
Thayer martin medium
- C.
L.J.Medium
- D.
Levinthal Medium
Correct Answer
A. Mc Coy cultureExplanation
The Mc Coy culture would be the best method to use for culture in this case because it is specifically designed for the isolation and cultivation of fastidious organisms, which are difficult to grow using other culture methods. Since the urine examination showed the presence of pus cells but no organisms, it suggests the possibility of a fastidious organism causing the UTI. Therefore, using the Mc Coy culture would provide the optimal conditions for the growth and identification of these organisms.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which one of the following is true:
- A.
Agar has nutrient properties
- B.
Chocolate medium is selective medium
- C.
Addition of selective substances in a solid medium is called enrichment media
- D.
Nutrient broth is a basal medium
Correct Answer
D. Nutrient broth is a basal mediumExplanation
The statement "nutrient broth is a basal medium" is true. A basal medium is a type of culture medium that provides all the essential nutrients necessary for the growth of microorganisms. Nutrient broth is a commonly used basal medium that contains a rich blend of nutrients such as peptone, beef extract, and water. It supports the growth of a wide range of microorganisms and is often used for general cultivation, maintenance, and propagation of bacteria and other microorganisms in laboratory settings.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Component of innate immunity that is active against viral cells includes:
- A.
NK cells
- B.
Cytotoxic T cells
- C.
B cells
- D.
Memory B cells
Correct Answer
A. NK cellsExplanation
NK cells, also known as natural killer cells, are a component of the innate immune system that plays a crucial role in defending against viral infections. These cells are able to recognize and destroy virus-infected cells directly, without the need for prior activation or specific antigen recognition. NK cells release cytotoxic granules that induce apoptosis in the target cells, effectively eliminating the viral infection. This innate immune response is important in the early stages of viral infections before the adaptive immune system, including cytotoxic T cells and B cells, can mount a specific response.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Irradiation can be used to sterIlize A/E.
- A.
Bone graft
- B.
Suture
- C.
Artificial tissue graft
- D.
Bronchoscope
Correct Answer
D. BronchoscopeExplanation
Irradiation can be used to sterilize bone grafts, sutures, and artificial tissue grafts. However, bronchoscopes cannot be sterilized using irradiation. Bronchoscopes are delicate instruments used for examining the airways and lungs, and they cannot withstand the high levels of radiation required for sterilization. Therefore, alternative methods such as chemical disinfection or steam sterilization are used to ensure the cleanliness and safety of bronchoscopes.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Antigen-antibody precipitation is maximally seen in which of the following?
- A.
Excess of antibody
- B.
Excess of antigen
- C.
Equivalance of antibody and antigen
- D.
Antigen hapten interaction
Correct Answer
C. Equivalance of antibody and antigenExplanation
Antigen-antibody precipitation occurs when there is an optimal ratio of antibody and antigen present. This means that the amount of antibody and antigen is equal, resulting in the formation of immune complexes that are large enough to precipitate out of solution. When there is an excess of antibody, the immune complexes may not form and precipitate. Similarly, when there is an excess of antigen, the immune complexes may not form due to limited availability of antibodies. Antigen hapten interaction refers to the binding of a small molecule (hapten) to an antibody, which does not result in precipitation. Therefore, the correct answer is equivalence of antibody and antigen.Rate this question:
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- 18.
All are except regarding Widal test ,except:
- A.
Baseline titres differ depending on the endemicity of the diseases
- B.
High titre value in a single widal test is not confirmative
- C.
O antibody lasts longer and hence is not indicative of recent infection
- D.
H antibody cannot differentiate between types
Correct Answer
C. O antibody lasts longer and hence is not indicative of recent infectionExplanation
The correct answer is "O antibody lasts longer and hence is not indicative of recent infection." This statement is true because O antibody, also known as the agglutinin antibody, is a long-lasting antibody that can persist in the body for a long time even after the infection has resolved. Therefore, the presence of O antibody does not necessarily indicate a recent or active infection. On the other hand, the other statements are false. Baseline titres can differ depending on the endemicity of the disease, a high titre value in a single Widal test can be confirmative of infection, and H antibody can differentiate between different types of infections.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Culture media of leptospirosis:
- A.
Korthof
- B.
Perkin
- C.
Tinsdale
- D.
Bakers
Correct Answer
A. KorthofExplanation
Korthof is a type of culture media that is commonly used for the isolation and growth of Leptospira, the bacteria that causes leptospirosis. It provides the necessary nutrients and conditions for the bacteria to grow and multiply. Other culture media mentioned, such as Perkin, Tinsdale, and Bakers, are not typically used for culturing leptospirosis bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 20.
All of the following statements are true about bacteriophage except:
- A.
It is a virus that infect bacteria
- B.
It helps in transduction of bacteria
- C.
It imparts toxigenicity to bacteria
- D.
It transfer only chromosomal gene
Correct Answer
D. It transfer only chromosomal geneExplanation
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and help in the process of transduction. They can transfer both chromosomal genes and genes located on plasmids. However, they do not impart toxigenicity to bacteria.Rate this question:
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