Cancer And Oncology NCLEX Quiz

1.

Mr. Miller has been diagnosed with bone cancer. You know this type of cancer is classified as:
- A.
  
  Sarcoma
- B.
  
  Lymphoma
- C.
  
  Carcinoma
- D.
  
  Melanoma
Correct Answer
A. Sarcoma

Explanation
Sarcoma is the correct classification for bone cancer. Sarcomas are a type of cancer that develop in the connective tissues of the body, including bones, muscles, and cartilage. Bone cancer specifically refers to the abnormal growth of cells in the bones, which is categorized as a sarcoma. Lymphoma, carcinoma, and melanoma are different types of cancers that affect other tissues or organs in the body, not specifically the bones.

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2.

Sarah, a hospice nurse, visits a client dying of ovarian cancer during the visit. The client expresses that “If I can just live long enough to attend my daughter’s graduation. I’ll be ready to die.” Which phase of coping is this client experiencing?
- A.
  
  Anger
- B.
  
  Denial
- C.
  
  Bargaining
- D.
  
  Depression
Correct Answer
C. Bargaining

Explanation
The client's statement about wanting to live long enough to attend her daughter's graduation indicates that she is in the bargaining phase of coping. This phase often involves making deals or promises in an attempt to gain more time or control over the situation. In this case, the client is bargaining with the idea that if she can just live long enough for this important event, she will be ready to accept her impending death.

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3.

Nurse Farah is caring for a client following a mastectomy. Which assessment finding indicates that the client is experiencing a complication related to the surgery?
- A.
  
  Pain at the incisional site
- B.
  
  Arm edema on the operative side
- C.
  
  Sanguineous drainage in the Jackson-Pratt drain
- D.
  
  Complaints of decreased sensation near the operative site
Correct Answer
B. Arm edema on the operative side

Explanation
Arm edema on the operative side is an abnormal finding following a mastectomy and indicates a complication related to the surgery. Edema can be a sign of lymphedema, which occurs when there is a blockage or damage to the lymphatic system. In this case, the lymphatic drainage from the arm is impaired due to the surgery, leading to fluid accumulation and swelling. This complication can cause discomfort, limited range of motion, and increased risk of infection. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to assess and address this finding promptly.

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4.

The nurse is admitting a male client with laryngeal cancer to the nursing unit, which is the most common risk factor the nurse assesses for this type of cancer.
- A.
  
  Alcohol abuse
- B.
  
  Cigarette smoking
- C.
  
  Use of chewing tobacco
- D.
  
  Exposure to air pollutants
Correct Answer
B. Cigarette smoking

Explanation
Cigarette smoking is the most common risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Smoking cigarettes exposes the larynx to harmful chemicals and substances, increasing the risk of developing cancer in this area. It is important for the nurse to assess the client's smoking history and provide education and support for smoking cessation to reduce the risk of further complications.

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5.

The female client who has been receiving radiation therapy for bladder cancer tells the nurse that it feels as if she is voiding through the vagina. The nurse interprets that the client may be experiencing:
- A.
  
  Rupture of the bladder
- B.
  
  The development of a vesicovaginal fistula
- C.
  
  Extreme stress caused by the diagnosis of cancer
- D.
  
  Altered perineal sensation as a side effect of radiation therapy
Correct Answer
B. The development of a vesicovaginal fistula

Explanation
The client's statement about feeling as if she is voiding through the vagina suggests the development of a vesicovaginal fistula. A vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the bladder and the vagina, causing urine to pass from the bladder into the vagina. This can occur as a complication of radiation therapy for bladder cancer. Rupture of the bladder would present with severe pain and other symptoms, which are not mentioned in the scenario. Extreme stress caused by the diagnosis of cancer would not cause the specific symptom described by the client. Altered perineal sensation as a side effect of radiation therapy would not explain the feeling of voiding through the vagina.

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6.

The client with leukemia is receiving busulfan (Myleran) and allopurinol (Zyloprim). The nurse tells the client that the purpose of the allopurinol is to prevent:
- A.
  
  Nausea
- B.
  
  Alopecia
- C.
  
  Vomiting
- D.
  
  Hyperuricemia
Correct Answer
D. Hyperuricemia

Explanation
Allopurinol is a medication commonly used to prevent and treat hyperuricemia, which is an elevated level of uric acid in the blood. Hyperuricemia can occur as a side effect of chemotherapy drugs like busulfan, which is used in the treatment of leukemia. By inhibiting the production of uric acid, allopurinol helps to prevent the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints and kidneys, which can cause painful conditions like gout and kidney stones. Therefore, in this case, allopurinol is being used to prevent hyperuricemia in the client with leukemia who is receiving busulfan.

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7.

A 25-year-old patient is inquiring about the methods or ways to detect cancer earlier. The nurse least likely to identify this method by stating:
- A.
  
  Annual chest x-ray.
- B.
  
  Annual Pap smear for sexually active women only.
- C.
  
  Annual digital rectal examination for persons over age 40.
- D.
  
  Yearly physical and blood examination
Correct Answer
A. Annual chest x-ray.

Explanation
The nurse is least likely to identify annual chest x-ray as a method to detect cancer earlier because chest x-rays are not typically used as a screening tool for cancer. Chest x-rays are more commonly used to diagnose specific conditions or evaluate symptoms related to the chest area, such as lung infections or heart problems. Other methods mentioned, such as Pap smear, digital rectal examination, and yearly physical and blood examination, are more commonly used for cancer screening or early detection.

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8.

The removal of the entire breast. Pectoralis major and minor muscles and neck lymph nodes which are followed by skin grafting, is a procedure called:
- A.
  
  Simple mastectomy
- B.
  
  Modified radical mastectomy
- C.
  
  Radiation therapy
- D.
  
  Radical mastectomy
Correct Answer
D. Radical mastectomy

Explanation
Radical mastectomy is the correct answer because it involves the removal of the entire breast, along with the pectoralis major and minor muscles and neck lymph nodes. This procedure is typically followed by skin grafting. Simple mastectomy involves the removal of the breast tissue only, while modified radical mastectomy involves the removal of the breast tissue and some lymph nodes. Radiation therapy is a different treatment approach that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.

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9.

Chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic modalities for cancer. This treatment is contraindicated to which of the following conditions?
- A.
  
  Recent surgery
- B.
  
  Pregnancy
- C.
  
  Bone marrow depression
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
Chemotherapy is contraindicated in all of the given conditions. Recent surgery can interfere with the body's ability to handle the chemotherapy drugs and may increase the risk of complications. Pregnancy is contraindicated because chemotherapy drugs can harm the developing fetus. Bone marrow depression, which is a decrease in the production of blood cells, can be worsened by chemotherapy as these drugs can further suppress the bone marrow function. Therefore, all of these conditions are contraindications for chemotherapy.

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10.

The nurse is preparing Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Safe handling of the drug should be implemented to protect the nurse from injury. Which of the following action by the nurse should be corrected?
- A.
  
  The nurse should wear a mask and gloves.
- B.
  
  Air bubbles should be expelled on wet cotton.
- C.
  
  Label the hanging IV bottle with the “ANTINEOPLASTIC CHEMOTHERAPY” sign.
- D.
  
  Vent vials after mixing.
Correct Answer
A. The nurse should wear a mask and gloves.

Explanation
The nurse should wear a mask and gloves while preparing Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) to protect themselves from potential exposure to the drug. This is important because Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug that can be harmful if it comes into contact with the nurse's skin or is inhaled. Wearing a mask and gloves helps to minimize the risk of exposure and protects the nurse from potential injury.

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Cancer And Oncology NCLEX Quiz

Mr. Miller has been diagnosed with bone cancer. You know this type of cancer is classified as:

Sarah, a hospice nurse, visits a client dying of ovarian cancer during the visit. The client expresses that “If I can just live long enough to attend my daughter’s graduation. I’ll be ready to die.” Which phase of coping is this client experiencing?

Nurse Farah is caring for a client following a mastectomy. Which assessment finding indicates that the client is experiencing a complication related to the surgery?

The nurse is admitting a male client with laryngeal cancer to the nursing unit, which is the most common risk factor the nurse assesses for this type of cancer.

The female client who has been receiving radiation therapy for bladder cancer tells the nurse that it feels as if she is voiding through the vagina. The nurse interprets that the client may be experiencing:

The client with leukemia is receiving busulfan (Myleran) and allopurinol (Zyloprim). The nurse tells the client that the purpose of the allopurinol is to prevent:

A 25-year-old patient is inquiring about the methods or ways to detect cancer earlier. The nurse least likely to identify this method by stating:

The removal of the entire breast. Pectoralis major and minor muscles and neck lymph nodes which are followed by skin grafting, is a procedure called:

Chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic modalities for cancer. This treatment is contraindicated to which of the following conditions?

The nurse is preparing Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Safe handling of the drug should be implemented to protect the nurse from injury. Which of the following action by the nurse should be corrected?