S3 - Weekend Formative Quiz By : Kms
This quiz made by : KMS Team Mohammed hussien ----Ahmed H. Zainy----Ruqaya Ali----Srag Hayder----Hiba saeed -----Hussain Ahmed -----Murtadha Nadhom-------For more information contact us : KUFAMEDST@gmail. Com ----© 2023 by KUFA MED. ST----- M. H. H 17-12-2
Questions and Answers
- 1.
In subsartorial canal this muscle separate the femoral artery from deep profound artery
- A.
Pectineus
- B.
Adductor longus
- C.
Adductor brevis
- D.
Psoas major
Correct Answer
B. Adductor longusExplanation
The adductor longus muscle is located in the subsartorial canal and separates the femoral artery from the deep profound artery.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The principle action of gracilis muscle ——————— of Thigh at hip joint
- A.
Ateral rotation
- B.
Medial rotation
- C.
Abduction
- D.
Adduction
Correct Answer
D. AdductionExplanation
The gracilis muscle is responsible for adduction of the thigh at the hip joint. Adduction refers to the movement of bringing the thigh towards the midline of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is adduction.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Branches of femoral nerve extend to the lower leg
- A.
Motor nerve to the Vastus lateralis
- B.
Obturator nerve
- C.
Saphenous nerve
- D.
All of them
Correct Answer
C. Saphenous nerveExplanation
The branches of the femoral nerve extend to various muscles in the thigh, including the Vastus lateralis. However, the saphenous nerve is the specific branch that innervates the lower leg. Therefore, the correct answer is the saphenous nerve.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In preparing to isolate the proximal portion of the femoral artery, the vascular surgeon gently separated it from surrounding tissues. Posterior to the femoral sheath, what muscle forms the lateral portion of the floor of the femoral triangle?
- A.
Adductor longus
- B.
Iliopsoas
- C.
Sartorius
- D.
Pectineus
Correct Answer
B. IliopsoasExplanation
The correct answer is Iliopsoas. The question asks for the muscle that forms the lateral portion of the floor of the femoral triangle. The femoral triangle is a region in the upper thigh, and its floor is formed by several muscles. The iliopsoas muscle is located on the lateral side of the femoral triangle and is responsible for flexing the hip joint. Therefore, it is the muscle that forms the lateral portion of the floor of the femoral triangle.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A 25-year-old man, an intravenous drug abuser, had been injecting himself with temazepam (a powerful intermediate acting drug in the same group as diazepam (Valium) and heroin for 5 years, leaving much residual scar tissue over points of vascular access. The patient is admitted to the emergency department for a detoxification program requiring an intravenous infusion. The femoral veins in his groin are the only accessible and patent veins for intravenous use. Which of the following landmarks is the most reliable to identify the femoral veins?
- A.
The femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery.
- B.
The femoral vein lies within the femoral canal.
- C.
The femoral vein lies lateral to the femoral artery.
- D.
The femoral vein lies directly medial to the femoral nerve.
Correct Answer
A. The femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery.Explanation
The femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery. This means that the femoral vein is located closer to the midline of the body than the femoral artery. In the case of the 25-year-old man, this information is important because it helps identify the correct location for intravenous access. By locating the femoral artery first, healthcare professionals can then identify the femoral vein, which is located medially to it. This knowledge is crucial in ensuring successful intravenous infusion for the patient.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Regarding SMN protein:-
- A.
It's responsible for maintaining of sensory neurons
- B.
It's responsible for maintaining of motor neurons
- C.
Found in higher levels in muscles
- D.
Its loss in Spinal muscular atrophy is an autoimmune disease
Correct Answer
B. It's responsible for maintaining of motor neuronsExplanation
The correct answer is that the SMN protein is responsible for maintaining motor neurons. This means that it plays a crucial role in the health and function of these neurons, which are responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the muscles. The SMN protein is particularly important for the survival and proper development of motor neurons, and its loss or dysfunction can lead to conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In psoriasis, the epidermis of the skin is going through:-
- A.
Hypertrophy
- B.
Hypoplasia
- C.
Metaplasia
- D.
None of them
Correct Answer
D. None of themExplanation
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the skin. It is characterized by the rapid turnover of skin cells, resulting in the accumulation of thick, scaly patches on the surface of the skin. This process is known as hyperproliferation, not hypertrophy, hypoplasia, or metaplasia. Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of cells, tissues, or organs, which is not observed in psoriasis. Hypoplasia refers to underdevelopment or incomplete development of cells or tissues, which is also not seen in psoriasis. Metaplasia refers to the transformation of one type of tissue into another, which is not a feature of psoriasis either. Therefore, the correct answer is none of them.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A mature age student exercises little and eats mainly pizza and several serves of french fries daily. Which tisue change is most likely to occur?
- A.
Fat embolism
- B.
Fatty degeneration of myocardium
- C.
Hyperplasia of adipocytes
- D.
Hypertrophy of adipocytes
Correct Answer
D. Hypertrophy of adipocytesExplanation
A mature age student who exercises little and consumes a diet mainly consisting of pizza and french fries is likely to experience an increase in the size of their adipocytes, known as hypertrophy. This is because the excess calories from the unhealthy diet are stored as fat in the adipose tissue, causing the adipocytes to enlarge. This can lead to weight gain and an increased risk of obesity-related health issues.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Reduction in kidneys size due to incomplete development
- A.
Horseshoe kidney
- B.
Metaplasia
- C.
Renal hypoplasia
- D.
Atrophy
Correct Answer
C. Renal hypoplasiaExplanation
Renal hypoplasia refers to the incomplete development and reduced size of the kidneys. This condition occurs when the kidneys do not grow to their normal size during fetal development. It can lead to various complications and impair the kidney's ability to function properly. In contrast, horseshoe kidney is a congenital condition where the kidneys are fused together at the lower end, while metaplasia refers to the transformation of one type of tissue into another. Atrophy, on the other hand, refers to the shrinkage or wasting away of an organ or tissue.Rate this question:
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- 10.
One of following isn’t principle response of adaptation
- A.
Atrophy
- B.
Aplasia
- C.
Hypertrophy
- D.
Metaplasia
Correct Answer
B. AplasiaExplanation
Aplasia is not a principle response of adaptation because it refers to the failure of an organ or tissue to develop normally, rather than a response to a change in the environment or a stressor. Atrophy, hypertrophy, and metaplasia, on the other hand, are all adaptive responses to various stimuli. Atrophy is the shrinkage of an organ or tissue due to a decrease in workload or blood supply. Hypertrophy is the increase in size of an organ or tissue in response to increased workload. Metaplasia is the transformation of one type of tissue into another type in response to chronic irritation or inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 11.
All of following are causes of atrophy except
- A.
Endocrine stimulation
- B.
Ageing
- C.
Marasmus
- D.
Bed rest
Correct Answer
A. Endocrine stimulationExplanation
Atrophy refers to the shrinking or wasting away of a body tissue or organ. Endocrine stimulation, which involves the release of hormones by the endocrine system, can actually promote growth and development rather than causing atrophy. Ageing, marasmus (a severe form of malnutrition), and bed rest are all known causes of atrophy as they can lead to muscle wasting and loss of tissue mass.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Change in phenotype of a differentiated cell is
- A.
Atrophy
- B.
Hypoplasia
- C.
Metaplasia
- D.
Dysplasia
Correct Answer
C. MetaplasiaExplanation
Metaplasia refers to the reversible change in which one mature cell type is replaced by another mature cell type. This change occurs due to the reprogramming of stem cells or undifferentiated cells in response to chronic irritation or inflammation. It is a protective mechanism by the body to adapt to the altered environment. Unlike atrophy, hypoplasia, or dysplasia, metaplasia does not involve a decrease in cell size or number, abnormal development, or disordered growth. Therefore, metaplasia is the correct answer as it best describes the change in phenotype of a differentiated cell.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
- A.
Prophase
- B.
S Prophase
- C.
G0 phase
- D.
G1 phase
Correct Answer
D. G1 phaseExplanation
The correct answer is G1 phase. In the cell cycle, the G1 phase is the first phase of interphase, which occurs before DNA synthesis begins. During this phase, the cell grows in size, synthesizes RNA and proteins, and prepares for DNA replication. It is a critical checkpoint where the cell decides whether to continue with the cell cycle or enter a non-dividing state called G0 phase. Therefore, G1 phase is the correct answer as it accurately describes the growth phase of the cell cycle before DNA synthesis starts.Rate this question:
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- 14.
All of following don’t have characteristics of permanent tissues in capacity for regeneration except
- A.
Glial cells
- B.
Epidermis
- C.
Kidneys
- D.
Myocardium
Correct Answer
D. MyocardiumExplanation
The myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart, and it does not have the capacity for regeneration. Unlike other tissues in the body, such as the epidermis (skin), kidneys, and glial cells (supporting cells in the nervous system), the myocardium cannot regenerate or repair itself effectively after injury or damage. This is due to the limited regenerative capacity of the cardiac muscle cells, known as cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the correct answer is Myocardium.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Lidocaine act to :
- A.
Voltage gated Na+ channels in open state only
- B.
Voltage gated Na+ channels in open and inactive state
- C.
Blcok K channels only
- D.
Beta blocker
Correct Answer
B. Voltage gated Na+ channels in open and inactive stateExplanation
Lidocaine acts on voltage-gated Na+ channels in both the open and inactive states. This means that it can block the flow of sodium ions through these channels when they are open, as well as prevent them from transitioning into the active state. By blocking these channels, lidocaine can inhibit the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, providing local anesthesia and antiarrhythmic effects.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Amiodarone act to :
- A.
Prolong phase 1
- B.
Block voltage gated Na+ channels
- C.
K channels
- D.
None of them
Correct Answer
C. K channelsExplanation
Amiodarone acts on K channels.Rate this question:
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- 17.
One of the following isn't a treatment for hypertension :
- A.
ACE-inhibitors
- B.
β-blockers
- C.
α1-adrenoceptor antagonists
- D.
α1-adrenoceptor agonists
Correct Answer
D. α1-adrenoceptor agonistsExplanation
ACE-inhibitors, β-blockers, and α1-adrenoceptor antagonists are all commonly used treatments for hypertension. However, α1-adrenoceptor agonists are not a recommended treatment for hypertension. These medications work by stimulating α1-adrenoceptors, which can cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure. Therefore, using α1-adrenoceptor agonists would not be beneficial in treating hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Adenosine Enhances K+ conductance by acting on A1 receptor
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Adenosine enhances K+ conductance by acting on A1 receptors. This means that when adenosine binds to A1 receptors, it increases the flow of potassium ions (K+) across the cell membrane, leading to an increase in K+ conductance. This can have various effects on cellular processes, such as hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, which can regulate neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. Therefore, the statement "Adenosine enhances K+ conductance by acting on A1 receptors" is true.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Digoxin act to block :
- A.
Na+/K+ ATPase
- B.
Voltage gated Na+ channels in open state
- C.
β-blockers
- D.
Blcok K channels only
Correct Answer
A. Na+/K+ ATPaseExplanation
Digoxin acts to block Na+/K+ ATPase. This enzyme is responsible for maintaining the balance of sodium and potassium ions inside and outside of cells. By inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase, digoxin increases the concentration of intracellular sodium, which indirectly affects calcium levels and leads to increased contractility of the heart muscle. This mechanism of action makes digoxin useful in the treatment of heart failure and certain arrhythmias.Rate this question:
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