Lesson 11: The Greek Civilization

Explanation
Hellenes is derived from the word Hellas, which is also a place in northwestern Greece. The term "Hellas" refers to the ancient Greek land and is often used to describe Greece as a whole. The word "Hellas" has historical and cultural significance, as it represents the birthplace of Western civilization and the ancient Greek civilization.

Explanation
The Greeks referred to themselves as "Hellenes." This term was used by the ancient Greeks to identify themselves and their culture. It derives from the name of their mythical ancestor, Hellen, and was used to distinguish themselves from other civilizations. The term "Hellenes" is still occasionally used today to refer to the Greek people and their language.

Explanation
Polis refers to a city-state that was autonomous and had its own government. In this type of city-state, the lives of the inhabitants were centered around the city itself. The term "Polis" originated in ancient Greece and was used to describe the unique political and social structure of these independent city-states.

Explanation
The term "Acropolis" refers to the highest point or hill in a city-state. It is typically a fortified area that served as the religious and administrative center of the city-state. The Acropolis was considered the most important and prestigious location within the city-state, housing important temples, monuments, and other significant structures. It was a symbol of power and authority, representing the city-state's cultural and political identity.

Explanation
The correct answer is "helots." In ancient Sparta, helots were a group of enslaved people who worked on the farms. They were considered the property of the state and were obligated to provide labor and resources to the Spartan citizens. The helots played a crucial role in the Spartan economy, as they produced food and goods for the city-state. However, they were also heavily oppressed by the Spartans and had limited rights and freedoms.

Explanation
Oligarchy is a form of government where a small group of people, known as the few, hold the power and make decisions. This group often consists of wealthy individuals or members of a particular social or political elite. In an oligarchy, the few have significant influence and control over the government, while the majority of the population has limited or no say in decision-making. This form of government is characterized by a concentration of power in the hands of a select few, leading to potential issues of inequality and lack of representation.

Explanation
The term "known also as the Government of the many" is a characteristic of democracy. Democracy is a form of government in which power is vested in the hands of the people or the majority. It is often referred to as the government of the many because it allows for widespread participation and decision-making by the citizens. In a democracy, the people have the right to vote, elect representatives, and participate in the decision-making process, making it a government system that is known for its inclusivity and representation of the majority.

Explanation
This system, known as ostracism, was a practice in ancient Athens where citizens could vote to exile or banish officials whom they considered to be a threat to the city-state. It was a way for the people to protect their democracy and prevent individuals from gaining too much power or influence. Ostracism allowed the citizens to maintain control over the government and ensure the safety and stability of Athens.

Explanation
Cyrus the Great invaded Lydia in Asia Minor in 546 B.C.E.

Explanation
Xerxes is the correct answer because he was the son of Darius 1 and known for his conquest of Athens and the burning of the Acropolis. Xerxes was the Persian king who led the second invasion of Greece in 480 BC, during which he successfully captured Athens and ordered the destruction of the Acropolis as an act of revenge for the previous Persian defeat at the Battle of Marathon.

Explanation
Xerxes' army defeated the forces of Sparta as well as the other Greeks at Thermophylae.

Explanation
The Delian League was an alliance formed by several Greek city-states, led by Athens, in order to protect themselves against the Persian Empire. The league's main goal was to unify the city-states and create a federation that would provide mutual defense and security. It was established in 478 BCE and lasted for several decades. The league's headquarters were located on the island of Delos, hence its name. This alliance played a significant role in the defense and expansion of Athens' power and influence in the region.

Explanation
The Peloponnesian War was a conflict between Athens and Sparta, two powerful city-states in ancient Greece. It lasted for over 20 years and resulted in the weakening and division of the Greek city-states. The war had a significant impact on Greek society, politics, and culture, leading to a decline in their power and influence. The conflict highlighted the deep divisions and rivalries among the Greek city-states, ultimately leaving them weak and vulnerable to outside threats.

Explanation
Philip, king of Macedonia, had the plan to unify the city-states of Greece under his leadership. This implies that Philip aimed to bring together the various independent city-states of Greece and establish himself as the leader of a unified Greek state. By doing so, Philip sought to consolidate his power and extend his influence over the region. This ambition was a significant factor in shaping Philip's actions and policies during his reign as king of Macedonia.

Explanation
The correct answer is Alexander the Great because he is the son of Philip, who was a famous leader of Macedonia. Alexander the Great is renowned for his military conquests and for spreading Greek culture throughout the ancient world. He is considered one of the greatest military tacticians and strategists in history.

Explanation
The correct answer is Hellenistic civilization. Hellenistic civilization refers to the period of Greek history and culture that followed the conquests of Alexander the Great. It was characterized by a blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and other Eastern cultures. This period saw the spread of Greek language, art, and philosophy throughout the eastern Mediterranean and beyond. The term "Hellenistic" is derived from the Greek word "Hellēn" which means Greek, and it highlights the influence and impact of Greek civilization during this time.

Explanation
The Hellenic Age refers to the period in ancient Greece when the Greek civilization flourished. It is characterized by significant advancements in various fields such as philosophy, art, literature, and politics. During this time, the city-states of Athens, Sparta, and others reached their peak in terms of cultural and intellectual achievements. The Hellenic Age is often considered the foundation of Western civilization and had a lasting impact on subsequent societies.

Explanation
Sparta is known for its emphasis on raising strong and good soldiers, which aligns with the statement given. This focus on military strength and discipline was a key aspect of their government, which was an oligarchy. In an oligarchy, power is held by a small group of individuals, often military elites, which further supports the connection between Sparta's government and their emphasis on producing strong soldiers.

Explanation
Persia is the correct answer because historically, Persia made several attempts to conquer Greece. The Persian Empire, led by kings such as Darius and Xerxes, launched multiple invasions of Greece in the 5th century BCE. These invasions, including the famous battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis, were part of Persia's expansionist ambitions and their desire to assert control over the Greek city-states. Despite their efforts, Persia was ultimately unsuccessful in their conquest of Greece.

Explanation
Father of Xerxes