Human Development Test - Ch 2 & 3
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Human development
- 1.
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- 2.6 factors of resilence
- 3.3 parts of personality
- 4.Pre-conception
- 5.ID1.2.3.EGO1.2.3.SUPER EGO1.
- 6.
- 7.SIDS
- 8.The period of the zygote lasts about ________, beginning with __________.
- A.
2 weeks; implantation
- B.
3 months; implantation
- C.
2 weeks; fertilization
- D.
3 months; fertilization
- 9.The period of the fetus is primarily a time when
- A.
Major organs first begin to function.
- B.
Implantation in the uterus occurs.
- C.
Basic structures are laid down.
- D.
Growth and finishing take place.
- 10.By the end of the period of the embryo, the embryo does NOT
- A.
Respond to touch
- B.
Move strongly enough to be felt by the mother.
- C.
Have a working circulatory system.
- D.
Have arms, legs, fingers, and toes.
- 11.The period of the _____ is the time when serious defects from teratogens are most likely to occur because _________ this time.
- A.
Zygote; implantation occurs during
- B.
Fetus; the prenatal organism is developing most rapidly during
- C.
Embryo; the foundations for all body parts are laid down during
- D.
Fetus; birth takes place soon after
- 12.The likelihood of negative effects due to smoking during pregnancy
- A.
Are reduced only if the mother stops before the period of the embryo.
- B.
Are not reduced if the mother stops smoking, because the damage has likely already been done.
- C.
Are reduced immediately if the mother decides to stop smoking.
- D.
Are not reduced unless the mother stops before the placenta begins carrying food and oxygen to the prenatal organism.
- 13.Max weighed four pounds when he was born six weeks before his due date. Research shows that he is at increased risk of each of the following in adulthood EXCEPT
- A.
Cancer
- B.
Stroke
- C.
Heart disease
- D.
Diabetes
- 14.Prenatal malnutrition is related to each of the following outcomes EXCEPT
- A.
Low intelligence and serious learning problems
- B.
Physical defects, such as cleft palate and pyloric stenosis
- C.
Central nervous system damage
- D.
Pyloric stenosis
- E.
Increased risk of hear disease and diabetes in adulthood
- 15.Infants of teenagers are born with a higher rate of problems because
- A.
Many pregnant teenagers do not have access to medical care or are afraid to seek it
- B.
A teenager's body is not physically strong enough to fully support pregnancy
- C.
The uterus of a teenager is too small to maintain a pregnancy for the full 38 to 40 weeks
- D.
The uterus of a teenager is not developed enough to maintain a pregnancy for the full 38 to 40 weeks
- 16.A serious illness of pregnancy in which the mother's blood pressure increases sharply and her face, hands, and feet swell is called
- A.
Pyloric stenosis
- B.
Ectopic pregnancy
- C.
Rh blood incompatibility
- D.
Toxemia/preclamsia
- 17.Which stage of labor is the longest?
- A.
The first
- B.
The second
- C.
The third
- D.
The fourth
- 18.High levels of stress hormones produced by the infants during childbirth
- A.
Can lead to anoxia, or inadequate oxygen supply, during delivery
- B.
Cause infants' heart rate and activity level to increase to dangerous high levels during childbirth
- C.
Help infants withstand oxygen deprivation during contractions sending a rich supply of blood to the brain and heart
- D.
Lead tot irritability and digestive disturbances in newborns
- 19.The Apgar Scale rates characteristics of a newborn, including the baby's
- A.
Length and weight
- B.
Vision, hearing, and sense of touch
- C.
Heart rate, color, and muscle tone
- D.
Reflexes, state changes, and responsiveness to physical and social stimull
- 20.How did childbirth customs change during the industrial revolution?
- A.
Women began to use delivery mediation and instruments
- B.
More women began to have natural, or prepared, childbrith
- C.
More children were born at home than in hospitals
- D.
Women's knowledge of child birth and family participation declined
- 21.In healthy pregnancies, fetal monitoring
- A.
Does not reduce the rate of infant brain damage
- B.
Reduces the likelihood of cesarean delivery
- C.
Reduces the rate of infant death
- D.
Is necessary to detect hidden problems with the baby
- 22.Cesarean delivery
- A.
Must be used if a mother has had a previous cesarean birth
- B.
Has become less common with invention of fetal monitoring
- C.
Has become increasingly common in the United States, accounting for over one-fifth of all births
- D.
Is much less likely to be used in the United States than in other countries
- 23.
- A.
Ashley and Marissa are equally likely to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage during the first year
- B.
Ashley is more likely than Marissa to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage during the first year
- C.
There is no research evidence that either Ashley or Marissa is more likely to experience serious problems compared to full-term normal-both-weight babies
- D.
Marissa is more likely than Marissa to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage during the first year
- 24.Research into the kinds of care given to preterm infants indicates that
- A.
They are not likely to catch up to full-term infants during development in childhood
- B.
Their appearance and behavior affect the kind of care-giving they receive from parents
- C.
Compared with full-term infants, parents are more likely to cuddle and talk gently to preterm infants
- D.
Physically stimulating these fragile babies could be harmful
- 25.Each of the following has been used successfully in countries that outrank the United States in infant survival EXCEPT
- A.
National paid maternity leave
- B.
Specially trained maternity helpers
- C.
Federally funded child care
- D.
Government-funded prenatal care
- 26.Which of these reflexes has immediate survival value to a newborn baby?
- A.
Moro
- B.
Tonic neck
- C.
Palmar grasp
- D.
Rooting
- 27.Newborn reflexes that persist beyond the point in development when they should normally disappear
- A.
Can signal brain damage
- B.
Suggest that the baby will learn motor skills more quickly than average
- C.
Indicate nothing
- D.
Indicate that the baby is unusually intelligent and persistent
- 28.Which of the following is NOT true concerning infant sleep?
- A.
REM sleep in infants is associated with dreaming
- B.
Fetuses and preterm babies spend more time in REM sleep than do full-term newborns
- C.
REM sleep accounts for half of a newborn's sleep time
- D.
Newborns are believed to have a need for the stimulation of REM sleep
- 29._________ is the most common cause of crying in newborn infants.
- A.
Gas
- B.
Hunger
- C.
Fatigue
- D.
Soiled diaper
- 30.Which of the following sounds do newborn babies prefer?
- A.
A heartbeat
- B.
Classical music
- C.
The human voice
- D.
Breathing sounds
- 31.To measure a baby's ability to recover from the stress of birth using Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), you would most likely look at
- A.
The score achieved several days after birth
- B.
How the score changes over the first week or two of life
- C.
The score within a few minutes after birth
- D.
How the score changes between one and five minutes after birth
- 32.An individual's ________ is the complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics.
- A.
Genotype
- B.
Chromosome
- C.
Zygote
- D.
Gamete
- 33.A human chromosome contains ________ gene(s).
- A.
23
- B.
46
- C.
Many thousands of
- D.
1
- 34.________ sperm and _________ oba/ovum are produced each time meiosis is completed.
- A.
One; four
- B.
Four; one
- C.
Four; four
- D.
One; one
- 35.Which of the following is NOT true concerning the sex cells?
- A.
About 350 to 450 ova will mature during a woman's child bearing years
- B.
A healthy man can father a child for three to four decades
- C.
The female is born with all her ova already present in her ovaries
- D.
The cells form which sperm arise are produced continuously throughout life
- 36.The most common type of multiple birth occurs when
- A.
A zygote separates into two clusters of cells
- B.
Two ova are released from the ovaries and fertilized
- C.
Two different ova are fertilized by two different sperm
- D.
One ovum is fertilized by two different sperm cells
- E.
Both b and c
- 37.Eddie has brown eyes (BB), and EVA has blue eyes (bb). If they have four children, which scenario is most likely?
- A.
Two children will have brown eyes, two children will have blue eyes
- B.
Three children will have brown eyes, one child will have blue eyes
- C.
All four children will have brown eyes
- D.
All four children will have blue eyes
- 38.Carries of the sickle cell gene
- A.
Can be treated if placed on a diet during infancy that is low in phenylalanine
- B.
Develop sickle-shaped red blood cells that clog blood vessels and block the flow of blood
- C.
Do not display symptoms until age 35 or late, often after the person has passed the gene on to his or her children
- D.
Are more resistant to malaria than are individuals with two genes for normal red blood cells
- E.
Both b and d
- 39.Which of the following is true regarding sex differences?
- A.
X-linked disorders are more common among females than among males
- B.
Rates of miscarriage and infant and childhood deaths are greater for females than for males
- C.
Worldwide, more boys are born than girls
- D.
Boys, with an X and a Y chromosome, benefit from a greater variety of genes than do girls, with two X chromosomes
- 40.Most chromosomal defects are the result of
- A.
Mistakes during meiosis
- B.
Recessive disorders
- C.
X-linked disorders
- D.
Mistakes during mitosis
- 41.Down syndrome is most commonly caused by
- A.
Failure of the 23rd pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
- B.
A missing chromosome on the 23rd pair of chromosomes
- C.
Failure of the 21st pair of chromosome to separate during mitosis
- D.
An extra chromosome on the 21st pair of chromosomes
- 42.Genetic counselors use _____ to estimate the likelihood that parents will have a child with a hereditary disorder.
- A.
A pedigree
- B.
Chorinoic villus sampling
- C.
Fetoscopy
- D.
Amniocentesis
- 43.Which of the following is NOT true regarding reproductive technologies?
- A.
Donor ova from younger woman in combination with in viro fertilization have been used to help post-menopausal women become pregnant
- B.
Children conceived through in vitro fertilization may be genetically unrelated to both of their parents
- C.
In the United States, individuals conceived with donated gametes have a legal right to information about their genetic origins.
- D.
Surrogate motherhood is legal in the United States, but is banned in Australia, Canada, and many European countries.
- 44.Each of the following is a major goal of the Human Genome Project EXCEPT
- A.
Deciphering the chemical makeup of human genetic material
- B.
Developing methodologies for cloning human genes
- C.
Examining the legal, ethical, and social implications of new genetic technologies
- D.
Identifying all 50,000 to 100,000 human genes
- E.
None of the above
- 45.According to the ecological systems theory, the behaviors of each family member affect those of others. This represents the concept of ________ influences.
- A.
Bidirectional
- B.
Learned
- C.
Predetermined
- D.
Universal
- 46.The largest proportion of homeless families consists of
- A.
Unemployed women living by themselves
- B.
Men or women earning the minimum wage
- C.
Unemployed fathers with school-age children
- D.
Single women with preschool children
- 47.Neighborhoods have _______ impact on the development of young people in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods compared to those in well-to-do neighborhoods.
- A.
A lesser
- B.
No measurable
- C.
A greater
- D.
A similar
- 48.One important reason that the American people have been reluctant to accept the idea of publicly support child care is that
- A.
Few mothers of very young children work outside the home
- B.
Most grandparents regularly participate in child rearing
- C.
American values emphasize independence and self-reliance
- D.
It is widely believed that daily separation from the mother is harmful to young children
- 49.Among African-Americans, living within an extended family tends to produce
- A.
Higher levels of divorce and teenage pregnancy
- B.
Children with confused attachments to many adults
- C.
Improved childrearing and reduced stress
- D.
More people on welfare and fewer with jobs
- 50.Compared with other nations, how does the United States stand on indicators of child health and well-being?
- A.
Is about the same as other nations
- B.
Lags behind virtually all other nations
- C.
Is ahead of almost all other nations
- D.
Lags behind other industrialized nations
- 51.A ________ measures the extent to which individual differences in complex traits, such as intelligence and personality, are due to genetic factors.
- A.
Heritability estimate
- B.
Kinship rate
- C.
Factor analysis
- D.
Concordance rate
- 52.In the United States, _________ of custodial mothers do not receive the full court-ordered allowance from the child's father.
- A.
10 percent
- B.
Two-thirds
- C.
One-half
- D.
Three-fourths
- 53.Suppose the heritability estimate for a certain trait, such as liking spicy foods, is 1.00. If true, this would mean that all the differences in food tastes between children results from differences in their
- A.
Environmental experiences
- B.
Culture or society
- C.
Genetic makeup
- D.
Family patterns
- 54.The concept of range of reaction explains that children who are exposed to the same environmental conditions
- A.
Will tend to show the same pattern of responses over time
- B.
May respond to them differently because of their genetic makeup
- C.
Tend to overcome their inheritance, so their genes have no effect
- D.
Will become genetically more similar than other children are
- 55.If a behavior is strongly canalized, then
- A.
It is highly responsive to environmental factors
- B.
Only extreme genetic factors can modify it
- C.
It is relatively unaffected by genetic influences
- D.
Only powerful environmental forces can change it
- 56.A friendly, cheerful child will probably receive more social stimulation than a shy, reserved child. This is an example of a(n) _________ genetic-environmental correlation.
- A.
Passive
- B.
Dynamic
- C.
Evocative
- D.
Critical
- 57.Which of the following is NOT true regarding HIV and AIDS?
- A.
HIV has infected an increasing number of women over the past decade
- B.
AIDS progresses more rapidly in infants than in older children and adults
- C.
Women with HIV who become pregnant invariably pass HIV to their babies
- D.
Zidovydine greatly reduces prenatal AIDS transmission
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