Human Development Test - Ch 2 & 3

2 weeks; implantation

3 months; implantation

2 weeks; fertilization

3 months; fertilization

Major organs first begin to function.

Implantation in the uterus occurs.

Basic structures are laid down.

Growth and finishing take place.

Respond to touch

Move strongly enough to be felt by the mother.

Have a working circulatory system.

Have arms, legs, fingers, and toes.

Zygote; implantation occurs during

Fetus; the prenatal organism is developing most rapidly during

Embryo; the foundations for all body parts are laid down during

Fetus; birth takes place soon after

Are reduced only if the mother stops before the period of the embryo.

Are not reduced if the mother stops smoking, because the damage has likely already been done.

Are reduced immediately if the mother decides to stop smoking.

Are not reduced unless the mother stops before the placenta begins carrying food and oxygen to the prenatal organism.

Cancer

Stroke

Heart disease

Diabetes

Low intelligence and serious learning problems

Physical defects, such as cleft palate and pyloric stenosis

Central nervous system damage

Pyloric stenosis

Increased risk of hear disease and diabetes in adulthood

Many pregnant teenagers do not have access to medical care or are afraid to seek it

A teenager's body is not physically strong enough to fully support pregnancy

The uterus of a teenager is too small to maintain a pregnancy for the full 38 to 40 weeks

The uterus of a teenager is not developed enough to maintain a pregnancy for the full 38 to 40 weeks

Pyloric stenosis

Ectopic pregnancy

Rh blood incompatibility

Toxemia/preclamsia

The first

The second

The third

The fourth

Can lead to anoxia, or inadequate oxygen supply, during delivery

Cause infants' heart rate and activity level to increase to dangerous high levels during childbirth

Help infants withstand oxygen deprivation during contractions sending a rich supply of blood to the brain and heart

Lead tot irritability and digestive disturbances in newborns

Length and weight

Vision, hearing, and sense of touch

Heart rate, color, and muscle tone

Reflexes, state changes, and responsiveness to physical and social stimull

Women began to use delivery mediation and instruments

More women began to have natural, or prepared, childbrith

More children were born at home than in hospitals

Women's knowledge of child birth and family participation declined

Does not reduce the rate of infant brain damage

Reduces the likelihood of cesarean delivery

Reduces the rate of infant death

Is necessary to detect hidden problems with the baby

Must be used if a mother has had a previous cesarean birth

Has become less common with invention of fetal monitoring

Has become increasingly common in the United States, accounting for over one-fifth of all births

Is much less likely to be used in the United States than in other countries

Ashley and Marissa are equally likely to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage during the first year

Ashley is more likely than Marissa to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage during the first year

There is no research evidence that either Ashley or Marissa is more likely to experience serious problems compared to full-term normal-both-weight babies

Marissa is more likely than Marissa to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage during the first year

They are not likely to catch up to full-term infants during development in childhood

Their appearance and behavior affect the kind of care-giving they receive from parents

Compared with full-term infants, parents are more likely to cuddle and talk gently to preterm infants

Physically stimulating these fragile babies could be harmful

National paid maternity leave

Specially trained maternity helpers

Federally funded child care

Government-funded prenatal care