History Of Microbiology And Methods In Microbiology

1.

Who was the first to describe cells in Micrographia (1665)?

Explanation
Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells in his book "Micrographia" in 1665. In this book, he observed thin slices of cork under a microscope and noticed small, box-like structures which he called "cells" due to their resemblance to the cells of a monastery. Hooke's discovery of cells was a significant contribution to the field of biology and laid the foundation for the development of the cell theory.

Rate this question:

4
2.

How did Robert Hooke's (1635-1703) compound microscope work?

Explanation
Robert Hooke's compound microscope worked by using multiple lenses to collect light from the sample. These lenses helped to gather and concentrate the light, allowing for better visibility of the specimen. Additionally, the microscope had a separate set of lenses that were used to focus the light into the eyepiece. This allowed the viewer to see a magnified image of the sample.

Rate this question:

4
3.

What did Antonie van Leeuaenhoak (1632-1723) discover?

Explanation
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist, made significant contributions to the field of microbiology. He is credited with discovering all the main groups of microbes. Using his self-designed microscopes, he observed and documented various microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and yeast. His meticulous observations and detailed drawings provided crucial insights into the world of microscopic life, paving the way for further advancements in microbiology and our understanding of the microbial world.

Rate this question:

4
4.

What is another term for Sponatenous Generation?

Explanation
Abiogenesis is another term for spontaneous generation. It refers to the theory that life can arise from non-living matter, without the need for preexisting life. This theory was widely accepted until the 19th century when it was disproven by Louis Pasteur's experiments. Abiogenesis is now considered outdated and replaced by the concept of biogenesis, which states that life only arises from preexisting living organisms.

Rate this question:

4
5.

Who was against the idea of Spontaneous Generation?
- A.
  
  Francesco Redi
- B.
  
  Aristotle
- C.
  
  Louis Pasteur
- D.
  
  John Needham
- E.
  
  Lazzaro Spallazani
Correct Answer(s)
A. Francesco Redi
C. Louis Pasteur
E. Lazzaro Spallazani

Explanation
The correct answer is Francesco Redi, Louis Pasteur, and Lazzaro Spallanzani. Francesco Redi was an Italian physician who conducted experiments in the 17th century to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. He showed that maggots did not spontaneously generate from rotting meat but instead came from fly eggs. Louis Pasteur, a French chemist and microbiologist in the 19th century, further disproved spontaneous generation by conducting experiments with sterilized broth and demonstrating that microorganisms only appeared when exposed to air. Lazzaro Spallanzani, an Italian biologist, also conducted experiments in the 18th century that supported the idea of biogenesis, where living organisms arise from other living organisms.

Rate this question:
6.

What are Koch's Postulates?

Correct Answer(s)
A set of criteria for proving that a specific microorganism causes a specific disease

Explanation
Koch's Postulates are a set of criteria that are used to establish a causal relationship between a specific microorganism and a specific disease. These postulates were developed by the German physician Robert Koch and are considered the gold standard in microbiology. According to Koch's Postulates, in order to prove that a microorganism causes a disease, it must be found in all cases of the disease, isolated and grown in pure culture, and then shown to cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy host. Finally, the microorganism must be re-isolated from the newly infected host. By fulfilling these criteria, scientists can confidently establish a cause-and-effect relationship between a microorganism and a disease.

Rate this question:

4
7.

Which disease causing microorganisms did Robert Koch work with?
- A.
  
  Anthrax
- B.
  
  Smallpox
- C.
  
  TB
- D.
  
  Cholera
- E.
  
  Chlamydia
- F.
  
  Diptheria
Correct Answer(s)
A. Anthrax
C. TB
D. Cholera

Explanation
Robert Koch worked with disease causing microorganisms such as Anthrax, TB, and Cholera. These three diseases were extensively studied by Koch and he made significant contributions to our understanding of their causes and methods of transmission.

Rate this question:
8.

Flemming discovered that Penicillium notatum prevented the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. True or False?
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
Flemming's discovery that Penicillium notatum prevented the growth of Staphylococcus aureus is true. This implies that Penicillium notatum has antibacterial properties and can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium that causes infections in humans.

Rate this question:
9.

Which disease did Jenner create a vaccine for using the pustles of milkmaids?
- A.
  
  Cowpox
- B.
  
  Smallpox
- C.
  
  Chickenpox
Correct Answer
B. Smallpox

Explanation
Jenner created a vaccine for Smallpox using the pustles of milkmaids. Smallpox is a highly contagious and deadly disease caused by the variola virus. Jenner observed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox, a less severe disease, seemed to be immune to smallpox. Based on this observation, he developed a vaccine by inoculating individuals with material from cowpox pustules, which provided protection against smallpox. This groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for modern vaccination and the eventual eradication of smallpox.

Rate this question:
10.

How is the Tree of Life determined?

Correct Answer
Nucleic Acid Sequences
In particular rRNA

Explanation
The Tree of Life is determined by analyzing nucleic acid sequences, specifically rRNA. This is because rRNA is a highly conserved molecule that is present in all living organisms. By comparing the similarities and differences in rRNA sequences among different species, scientists can construct a phylogenetic tree that represents the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The more similar the rRNA sequences, the more closely related the organisms are believed to be on the Tree of Life. Therefore, nucleic acid sequences, especially rRNA, are crucial in determining the Tree of Life.

Rate this question:

4
11.

What are archaea?

Correct Answer
microorganisms which survive in extreme conditions

Explanation
Archaea are microorganisms that are capable of surviving in extreme conditions. They are known for their ability to thrive in environments such as hot springs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, acidic or alkaline waters, and even in highly saline habitats. These organisms have unique biochemical and genetic characteristics that differentiate them from bacteria and eukaryotes. Archaea play a crucial role in various ecological processes and have contributed to our understanding of the limits of life on Earth.

Rate this question:

4
12.

What is the term for reducing the number of microorganisms?

Correct Answer
Disinfection

Explanation
Disinfection is the term used to describe the process of reducing the number of microorganisms. It involves the use of chemical agents or physical methods to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms on surfaces or in the environment. Disinfection is commonly used in healthcare settings, food preparation areas, and water treatment facilities to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Rate this question:

4
13.

What is sterilization?

Correct Answer
Complete obliteration of microoranisms

Explanation
Sterilization refers to the process of completely eliminating or destroying all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It involves the use of various physical or chemical methods to ensure the complete obliteration of these microorganisms. This is important in medical settings, laboratories, and food preparation to prevent the spread of infections and diseases. Sterilization is a critical step in maintaining cleanliness and safety in various industries and is achieved through techniques such as heat, radiation, filtration, or the use of sterilizing agents.

Rate this question:

4

History Of Microbiology And Methods In Microbiology

Who was the first to describe cells in Micrographia (1665)?

How did Robert Hooke's (1635-1703) compound microscope work?

What did Antonie van Leeuaenhoak (1632-1723) discover?

What is another term for Sponatenous Generation?

Who was against the idea of Spontaneous Generation?

What are Koch's Postulates?

Which disease causing microorganisms did Robert Koch work with?

Flemming discovered that Penicillium notatum prevented the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. True or False?

Which disease did Jenner create a vaccine for using the pustles of milkmaids?

How is the Tree of Life determined?

What are archaea?

What is the term for reducing the number of microorganisms?

What is sterilization?