The History Of Histology Ppt (Exam 1)
This Quiz is created by a student of HLAB 1401 at HCCS Coleman. It reviews the Histotechnology student's understanding of the history and development of histotech procedures. This Quiz is helpful for HLAB 1401 Exam #1.
- 1.
This simple hand-held microscope was invented by a man known as the "Father of Microscopy" who studied bacteria yeast protozoans and RBCs with it. What is his name?
- A.
Robert Hooke
- B.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- C.
Friedrich Henle
- D.
Johannes Muller
Correct Answer
B. Anton van LeeuwenhoekExplanation
Anton van Leeuwenhoek is the correct answer because he is known as the "Father of Microscopy" and is credited with inventing the simple hand-held microscope. He used this microscope to study various microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, protozoans, and red blood cells.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Why is Robert Hooke known as the "British father of microscopy"?
- A.
He extensively revised the first simple microscope and supported Leeuwenhoek's findings.
- B.
He invented the first simple microscope, which helped Galileo develop the telescope.
- C.
He improved the magnification of the microscope to x1250.
- D.
He revised the first simple microscope which used electron beams as his light source.
Correct Answer
A. He extensively revised the first simple microscope and supported Leeuwenhoek's findings.Explanation
Robert Hooke is known as the "British father of microscopy" because he extensively revised the first simple microscope and supported Leeuwenhoek's findings. Hooke made significant improvements to the design of the microscope, increasing its magnification power and making it more practical for scientific use. He also collaborated with Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist, by examining and confirming his discoveries using the microscope. Hooke's contributions to the field of microscopy played a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the microscopic world and establishing the foundation for future developments in this field.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Who invented the electron microscope?
- A.
Knott and Ruska
- B.
Mayer
- C.
Scleiden and Scwhann
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Knott and RuskaExplanation
Knott and Ruska invented the electron microscope. This revolutionary invention allowed scientists to observe objects at a much higher resolution than was possible with traditional light microscopes. The electron microscope uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify the specimen, providing greater detail and clarity. Knott and Ruska's invention paved the way for significant advancements in various scientific fields, including biology, chemistry, and materials science.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The Electron microscope used electron beams as its light source, giving it the ability to:
- A.
See protein structures of organelles and membranes
- B.
Distinguish objects that are 10 angstroms apart from one another
- C.
Distinguish objects that are 10^(-10) meters apart from one another
- D.
All of the above.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above.Explanation
The electron microscope uses electron beams instead of light, which allows it to have a higher resolution than a light microscope. This high resolution enables it to see protein structures of organelles and membranes, as well as distinguish objects that are 10 angstroms apart from one another. Since 1 angstrom is equal to 10^(-10) meters, the electron microscope can also distinguish objects that are 10^(-10) meters apart from one another. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."Rate this question:
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- 5.
What word did Mayer coin that also meant "web"?
- A.
"heme"
- B.
"microtome"
- C.
"histos"
- D.
"angstrom"
Correct Answer
C. "histos"Explanation
Mayer coined the word "histos" which also meant "web".Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which is not one of the three mentioned Simple Fixatives?
- A.
Alcohol
- B.
Potassium dichromate
- C.
Formalin
- D.
Chromic acid
Correct Answer
C. FormalinExplanation
Formalin is a compound fixative.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A fixative preserves tissue. Who accidentally discovered the fixative properties of formalin when parts of his hands became stiff?
- A.
Blum
- B.
Clark
- C.
Hooke
- D.
None of the bove.
Correct Answer
A. BlumExplanation
Blum accidentally discovered the fixative properties of formalin when parts of his hands became stiff.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What did Clark find that the compound fixative - alcohol and acetic acid - was good at?
- A.
Fixing details of the nucleus.
- B.
Fixing details of collagen.
- C.
Fixing muscle tissue.
- D.
I give up!
Correct Answer
A. Fixing details of the nucleus.Explanation
Clark found that the compound fixative - alcohol and acetic acid - was good at fixing details of the nucleus. This means that the compound was effective in preserving and maintaining the structural integrity of the nucleus, allowing for clear and detailed observation and analysis of its components.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What was Bouin's fixative - Picric acid, Formaldehyde, and Acetic acid - good for?
- A.
Decalcification of bone.
- B.
Defferentiation of muscle and collagen stains.
- C.
Enhancing nuclear details.
- D.
Nothing.
Correct Answer
B. Defferentiation of muscle and collagen stains.Explanation
Bouin's fixative, which is a mixture of picric acid, formaldehyde, and acetic acid, is known for its ability to differentiate muscle and collagen stains. This fixative helps in preserving the tissue structure and preventing the loss of cellular components during the staining process. It enhances the staining of muscle fibers and collagen, allowing for better visualization and differentiation of these structures under a microscope.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Each scientist is paired with his contribution to histotech procedures. Which is false?
- A.
Stilling developed frozen tissue sectioning.
- B.
Quekett developed decalcification of fixed bone with HCl.
- C.
Born and Stickler developed paraffin(routine today) for tissue embedding.
- D.
Duval developed celloidin for excellent processing of brain tissues.
- E.
None of the Above.
Correct Answer
E. None of the Above.Explanation
None of the options listed is false. Each scientist is correctly paired with their contribution to histotech procedures.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The manufacturers Technicon, Sakura and Miles Co, McKormic Ind., and Feather Industrires all contributed to histotech procedures. Who did what?
- A.
Technicon invented the first automated OPEN tissue processor.
- B.
McKormic Ind. invented "Tissue Tek" embedding units.
- C.
Sakura and Miles Co. invented the first CLOSED tissue processor with computer programming.
- D.
Feather Industries invented the first modern day disposable blades, replacing tweazers and steel blades.
- E.
A, B, C, and D.
Correct Answer
E. A, B, C, and D.Explanation
Technicon invented the first automated OPEN tissue processor. McKormic Ind. invented "Tissue Tek" embedding units. Sakura and Miles Co. invented the first CLOSED tissue processor with computer programming. Feather Industries invented the first modern day disposable blades, replacing tweezers and steel blades. All of these manufacturers, Technicon, McKormic Ind., Sakura and Miles Co., and Feather Industries, contributed to histotech procedures.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Who invented the first microtome in order to study timber?
- A.
John Hill
- B.
Nachet
- C.
Spencer Lens Co.
- D.
What's a microtome?
Correct Answer
A. John HillExplanation
John Hill is credited with inventing the first microtome, a device used to study timber. A microtome is a tool that allows for the cutting of thin slices of material, such as wood, for microscopic examination. John Hill's invention of the microtome revolutionized the study of timber, as it enabled researchers to analyze the internal structure of wood in greater detail.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which answer(s) is(are) false?*Hint: find out who developed the first cryostat (a microtome inside a freezer).
- A.
Nachet developed a small handheld microtome.
- B.
Spencer Lens Co. developed a CO2 canister attachment to freeze tissues right on the microtome.
- C.
Linderstrom-Lang a small handheld microtome.
- D.
Baush & Lomb developed the sliding microtome.
- E.
All of the above.
Correct Answer
C. Linderstrom-Lang a small handheld microtome.Explanation
The correct answer is "Linderstrom-Lang developed a small handheld microtome." This statement is false because Linderstrom-Lang did not develop a small handheld microtome.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is special about Bausch & Lomb's Sliding microtome and what is special about Bausch & Lomb's Rotary microtome?
- A.
The Sliding microtome sections whole organs and bones, while the Rotary microtome moves tissue closer to the blade with a rotating wheel.
- B.
The Rotary microtome sections whole organs and bone, while the Sliding microtome moves tissue closer to the blade with a rotating wheel.
- C.
Umm.. ?
Correct Answer
A. The Sliding microtome sections whole organs and bones, while the Rotary microtome moves tissue closer to the blade with a rotating wheel.Explanation
The special feature of Bausch & Lomb's Sliding microtome is its ability to section whole organs and bones. On the other hand, the special feature of Bausch & Lomb's Rotary microtome is its mechanism of moving tissue closer to the blade with a rotating wheel.Rate this question:
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- 15.
There are 5 microtome images in the powerpoint. Identify their names in the sequence given.1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
- A.
1: Cambridge Instrument Co.large sledge microtome, 2: Sledge chain driven microtome by Leitz, 3: Spencer Freezing Microtome, 4: Zimmerman Rotary Microtome, 5: Cambridge “Rocking” Microtome
- B.
1: Cambridge “Rocking” Microtome, 2: Zimmerman Rotary Microtome, 3: Spencer Freezing Microtome, 4: Sledge chain driven microtome by Leitz, 5: Cambridge Instrument Co.large sledge microtome
- C.
They all look the same!
Correct Answer
A. 1: Cambridge Instrument Co.large sledge microtome, 2: Sledge chain driven microtome by Leitz, 3: Spencer Freezing Microtome, 4: Zimmerman Rotary Microtome, 5: Cambridge “Rocking” Microtome -
- 16.
Which Natural Dye(s) is(are) not matched with its(their) correct source of origin and color?
- A.
Hematoxylin: insect (blue)
- B.
Carmine: logwood tree (red)
- C.
Saffron: plant (yellow)
- D.
A and B
- E.
B and C
Correct Answer
D. A and BExplanation
The source of origin for answers A and B are switched: Hematoxylin comes from logwood trees and stains blue, & Carmine comes from insects and stains red.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which is not true about Perkins?
- A.
Perkins was a chemist in the textile industry.
- B.
Perkins synthesized the first aniline-based dyes.
- C.
The two dyes Perkins developed are Analine blue and Alcian blue
- D.
The synthetic dyes Perkins developed are widely used in histology.
Correct Answer
C. The two dyes Perkins developed are Analine blue and Alcian blueExplanation
The two dyes Perkins developed are Analine blue and Methylene blue. Alcian blue, on the other hand, was developed by Steedman a century after Perkins.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is not a synthetic dye?
- A.
Aniline blue
- B.
Hematoxylin
- C.
Methylene blue
Correct Answer
B. HematoxylinExplanation
Hematoxylin is a natural dye that comes from logwood trees.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In order to destinguish between the cell's nucleus and cytoplasm, two dyes are used - one stains the nucleus blue, while the other stains the cytoplasm pink. What are these two dyes called?
- A.
Hematoxylin & Eosin
- B.
Methylene Blue & Eosin
- C.
Hematoxylin & Congo Red
- D.
I'm confused..
Correct Answer
A. Hematoxylin & EosinExplanation
Hematoxylin is a dye that stains the nucleus blue, while Eosin is a dye that stains the cytoplasm pink. These two dyes are commonly used in histology and pathology to differentiate between the cellular components of a tissue sample.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The Ziehl Neelsen carbol fuschin stain & the Bacterial Gram stain are both used to detect infectious microbes. Tissues with acid-fast organisms, TB, leprosy, and Gram - /negative bacteria stain differently from Gram + /positive bacteria. What color should the first group stain and what color should Gram + /positive stain?
- A.
Apple green for the big group vs. red apple for Gram + /positive
- B.
Blue for the big group vs. Red for Gram + /positive
- C.
Red for the big group vs. Blue for Gram + /positive
Correct Answer
C. Red for the big group vs. Blue for Gram + /positiveExplanation
The Ziehl Neelsen carbol fuschin stain is used to detect acid-fast organisms such as TB and leprosy, which stain red. On the other hand, the Bacterial Gram stain is used to differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria stain blue, while Gram-negative bacteria stain red. Therefore, the first group (acid-fast organisms) should stain red, and Gram-positive bacteria should stain blue.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The MacManus PAS stains red in the diagnosis of two different diseases. What are the two diseases?
- A.
Abnormal fibrillar deposits & Mucin secreting tumors.
- B.
Pneumonia & Amyloidosis
- C.
Glycogen storage disease & Disease of kidney glomeruli.
Correct Answer
C. Glycogen storage disease & Disease of kidney glomeruli.Explanation
Abnormal fibrillar deposists is the same thing as Amyloidosis and this disease is detected by Congo Red. Mucin secreting tumors is detect by Alcian blue. Lastly, Pneumonia can be screened with Grocott methenamine silver stain for fungi.Rate this question:
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- 22.
There are many Silver impregnation techniques (stains black) that serve different purposes. Which two Silver impregnation techniques are mispaired with their primary puposes?
- A.
Fromman: nerve axons Maresc: reticulin fibers of liver and spleen
- B.
Gossett and Masson: carcinoid tumors of bowel and colon Gomori methenamine silver: carbohydrates
- C.
Gomori methenamine silver: fungus Grocott methenamine silver: carbohydrates
Correct Answer
C. Gomori methenamine silver: fungus Grocott methenamine silver: carbohydratesExplanation
The correct answer is Gomori methenamine silver: fungus and Grocott methenamine silver: carbohydrates. Gomori methenamine silver is actually used to stain carbohydrates, not fungus. On the other hand, Grocott methenamine silver is commonly used to stain fungus, not carbohydrates.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In muscle tissue, enzyme histochemistry is utilized. Why should you snap freeze muscle tissue with liquid nitrogen? And why should you treat muscle tissue with alkaline phosphate like Takamtsu and Gomori did?
- A.
Snap freezing preserves enzyme activity. Alkaline phosphate helps release ATP energy in muscle.
- B.
Snap freezing increases enzyme activity. Alkaline phosphate
- C.
Snap freezig produces aerobic energy (sugar breakdown in the mitochondria). Alkaline phosphate produces anaerobic energy (glycogen breakdown/glycolysis).
- D.
Both diagnose enzyme storage difficiencies.
Correct Answer
A. Snap freezing preserves enzyme activity. Alkaline phosphate helps release ATP energy in muscle.Explanation
Observing aerobic activity/sugar breakdown or anaerobic activity/glycolysis is actually used to diagnose different types of muscle.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In immunohistochemistry, tagged antibodies are used to localize specific tissue antigens. Coons, Creech, and Jones used a flourochrome for use with a floursecent microscope, while Nakane and Pierce used an enzyme for use with a light microscope. True or Flase?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In immunohistochemistry, tagged antibodies are used to localize specific tissue antigens. Coons, Creech, and Jones used a fluorochrome, which is a type of fluorescent dye, for use with a fluorescent microscope. On the other hand, Nakane and Pierce used an enzyme, such as horseradish peroxidase, for use with a light microscope. Therefore, the statement that Coons, Creech, and Jones used a fluorochrome for use with a fluorescent microscope is true.Rate this question:
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