George Long Ant Pretest
ANT pretest for George Long
UCF
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the relationship between organisms and the environment?
- A.
Behavior
- B.
Adaptation
- C.
Ecological
- D.
Morphology
Correct Answer
C. EcologicalExplanation
The relationship between organisms and the environment is ecological. This means that organisms interact with and are influenced by their surroundings, including other organisms and physical factors such as climate and habitat. Ecological relationships involve concepts such as competition, predation, and symbiosis, and understanding these relationships is crucial for studying and managing ecosystems.Rate this question:
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- 2.
_________ is not necessarily the results of conscious decision making and may or may not be deliberate.
- A.
Behavior
- B.
Adaptation
- C.
Social Learning Theory
- D.
Predation
Correct Answer
A. BehaviorExplanation
Behavior refers to the actions, reactions, or conduct of individuals or organisms. It encompasses a wide range of actions, including those that are intentional and those that are not. Behavior can be influenced by various factors such as instincts, emotions, and external stimuli. It can be both conscious and unconscious, meaning that it may or may not be the result of deliberate decision making. Therefore, behavior is not necessarily the result of conscious decision making and may or may not be deliberate.Rate this question:
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- 3.
____________ is one of the major topics in primate research.
- A.
Senses and the brain
- B.
Miocene era
- C.
Primate social structure
- D.
Sexual dimorphism
Correct Answer
C. Primate social structureExplanation
Primate social structure is one of the major topics in primate research because it plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior and interactions of primates. Studying social structure helps researchers understand how primates form social groups, establish hierarchies, and engage in social behaviors such as cooperation, competition, and communication. By examining the social structure of primates, researchers can gain insights into the evolutionary and ecological factors that shape primate societies, as well as the social dynamics within and between different primate species.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Check all the factors that influence a social structure of a primate.
- A.
Body size
- B.
Predation
- C.
Sex
- D.
Distribution of resources
Correct Answer(s)
A. Body size
B. Predation
D. Distribution of resourcesExplanation
The factors that influence the social structure of a primate include body size, predation, and distribution of resources. Body size can determine dominance and access to resources within a social group. Predation can affect the social structure by influencing group size and cohesion, as well as the need for cooperative behaviors. The distribution of resources, such as food and shelter, can impact social interactions and the formation of social groups. These factors play a significant role in shaping the social dynamics and organization of primate societies.Rate this question:
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- 5.
True or false:Primates solve major adaptive problems in a "social context"
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Primates, including humans, are highly social animals. They live in complex social groups and rely on social interactions to solve adaptive problems such as finding food, avoiding predators, and reproducing. Social context plays a crucial role in their survival and success. Therefore, it is true that primates solve major adaptive problems in a social context.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A gorilla slapping its chest and tearing vegetation is best an example of what?
- A.
Aggression against intruders
- B.
Displays
- C.
Dominance
- D.
Predation
Correct Answer
B. DisplaysExplanation
A gorilla slapping its chest and tearing vegetation is best an example of displays. This behavior is commonly observed in gorillas during territorial disputes or to establish dominance within their social group. It serves as a visual and auditory signal to communicate strength and intimidate potential rivals or intruders. By displaying their physical power and aggression, gorillas assert their dominance and assert their territory.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What are behaviors that benefit another, while posing risk to oneself? (common in primate species)An example is adoption of orphans.
Correct Answer
Explanation
Behaviors that benefit another while posing risk to oneself, such as the adoption of orphans, are common in primate species. In the case of adoption, an individual primate may take on the responsibility of caring for and raising an orphaned primate, even though this may put them at a greater risk of predation or competition for resources. This behavior demonstrates a selfless act of altruism, where the individual prioritizes the well-being of another over their own safety and survival.Rate this question:
- 8.
True or false:In most primate societies, sexual behavior is tied to the female's reproductive cycle.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In most primate societies, sexual behavior is tied to the female's reproductive cycle. This means that female primates are more likely to engage in sexual behavior when they are fertile and able to conceive. This is because the primary purpose of sexual behavior in these societies is reproduction. By synchronizing sexual behavior with the female's reproductive cycle, males increase their chances of successfully fertilizing the female's eggs. This behavior is observed in many primate species, including humans, where females experience changes in their sexual behavior and attractiveness during ovulation.Rate this question:
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- 9.
________ is long-term, and increases the frequency of traits that lead to a greater success in acquiring mates.
- A.
Altruism
- B.
Bonding
- C.
Dimorphism
- D.
Grooming
Correct Answer
B. BondingExplanation
Bonding is a long-term behavior that increases the frequency of traits that lead to a greater success in acquiring mates. Bonding refers to the formation of strong social connections between individuals, which can enhance their chances of finding and attracting a mate. By forming bonds, individuals can demonstrate their loyalty, reliability, and commitment, traits that are often attractive to potential partners. This behavior allows individuals to establish long-term relationships and increase their reproductive success.Rate this question:
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- 10.
True or false:Primate experiments proved that they actually learned rules of social behavior when isolated for long periods of time.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because primate experiments have shown that when isolated for long periods of time, primates do not learn the rules of social behavior. In fact, isolation can have negative effects on their social development and ability to interact with others. Primates are highly social animals that rely on social interactions for their well-being, and isolation can lead to various behavioral and psychological issues. Therefore, the statement that primate experiments proved they learn social behavior when isolated is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Is primate cultural behavior learned or biological?
- A.
Learned
- B.
Biological
Correct Answer
A. LearnedExplanation
Primate cultural behavior is considered to be learned rather than biological. This is because primates, like humans, acquire their behavior through observation, imitation, and social learning from their group members. They learn various skills, traditions, and behaviors from their social environment, which can vary among different primate groups. This ability to learn and adapt to their surroundings suggests that primate cultural behavior is not innate or determined solely by biology, but rather influenced by social and environmental factors.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Out of all the primates, which have adapted to use and make tools?
- A.
Gorillas
- B.
Orangutans
- C.
Bonobos
- D.
Chimpanzees
Correct Answer
D. ChimpanzeesExplanation
Chimpanzees have adapted to use and make tools. They are known for their tool-making abilities, using sticks to extract termites from mounds or using stones to crack open nuts. This behavior demonstrates their intelligence and problem-solving skills, making them one of the few primates that have developed this adaptation. Gorillas, orangutans, and bonobos, on the other hand, do not exhibit the same level of tool use and tool-making behavior as chimpanzees.Rate this question:
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- 13.
True or false:Vervet monkeys have a unified alarm call for predators.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Vervet monkeys do not have a unified alarm call for predators. Instead, they have different alarm calls for different types of predators. They have distinct calls for leopards, eagles, and snakes, allowing them to communicate the specific type of threat to their group members. This helps the monkeys to respond appropriately and take necessary actions to avoid danger.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is the name of the infant chimpanzee that was taught ASL?
- A.
Loulis
- B.
Washoe
- C.
Koko
- D.
Sara
Correct Answer
B. WashoeExplanation
Washoe is the correct answer because she was an infant chimpanzee who was taught American Sign Language (ASL). She was raised in a human environment and was able to learn and communicate using ASL. Washoe's ability to use sign language had a significant impact on our understanding of chimpanzee communication and their cognitive abilities.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Who was Washoe's "student"?
- A.
Sara
- B.
Koko
- C.
Cedric
- D.
Loulis
Correct Answer
D. LoulisExplanation
Washoe's "student" was Loulis. This implies that Washoe, who was most likely a chimpanzee, had a student named Loulis.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which primate experiment used plastic chips recognized as symbols for various objects?
- A.
Sara
- B.
Chantek
- C.
Sherman and Austin
- D.
Washoe
Correct Answer
A. SaraExplanation
Sara is the correct answer because she was a chimpanzee who was trained to use plastic chips as symbols for various objects in an experiment. This experiment aimed to test the primate's ability to understand and communicate using symbols.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Who was the gorilla that learned over 500 ASL signs?
- A.
Koko
- B.
Chantek
- C.
Washoe
- D.
Lana
Correct Answer
A. KokoExplanation
Koko is the correct answer because she was a famous gorilla who learned over 500 ASL (American Sign Language) signs. Koko was known for her ability to communicate with humans through sign language, and her extensive vocabulary made her one of the most proficient signing gorillas.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What was the name of the primate who learned to use a computer keyboard?
Correct Answer
Lana
chimpanzee
chimpExplanation
Lana, chimpanzee, and chimp are all possible names for the primate who learned to use a computer keyboard. It is likely that the question is asking for any of these names as the correct answer.Rate this question:
- 19.
Claimed to have began "spontaneously" acquiring and using symbols? (Experiment was a bonobo)
- A.
Lana
- B.
Chantek
- C.
Sara
- D.
Kanzi
Correct Answer
D. KanziExplanation
Kanzi is the correct answer because he is a bonobo who has been claimed to have spontaneously acquired and used symbols. This suggests that Kanzi has the ability to learn and use language-like symbols without explicit training, demonstrating a level of cognitive and communicative abilities similar to humans. Lana, Chantek, and Sara are not relevant to the given information and do not have the same claimed ability as Kanzi.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which period had the earliest primates diverging?
- A.
Eocene
- B.
Miocene
- C.
Oligocene
- D.
Paleocene
Correct Answer
D. PaleoceneExplanation
During the Paleocene period, which lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago, the earliest primates began to diverge. This means that the first primate ancestors started to evolve and differentiate from their common ancestors with other mammals. The Paleocene was a crucial time for the development of primates, as they began to adapt to various ecological niches and evolve different characteristics that would eventually lead to the diverse range of primates we see today.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What is the most recent Cenozoic period?
- A.
Holocene
- B.
Pleistocene
- C.
Miocene
- D.
Pilocene
Correct Answer
A. HoloceneExplanation
The most recent Cenozoic period is the Holocene. The Cenozoic era is divided into three periods: the Paleogene, the Neogene, and the Quaternary. The Holocene is the current and most recent period within the Quaternary period. It began around 11,700 years ago and continues to the present day. The Holocene is characterized by the development of human civilization, significant climate change, and the extinction of many large mammal species.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which time period had the earliest definite primates appear, then decline, as well as fossils in North America and Europe?
- A.
Miocene
- B.
Paleocene
- C.
Eocene
- D.
Oligocene
Correct Answer
C. EoceneExplanation
During the Eocene time period, the earliest definite primates appeared and then declined. Fossils of primates have been found in both North America and Europe, indicating their presence in these regions during this time. The Eocene is known for its diverse and abundant fossil record, including early primates, which suggests that this period was crucial for the evolution and development of these mammals.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Most Oligocene fossils were found where?
- A.
Naqada, Egypt
- B.
Fayum, Egypt
- C.
Nuuk, Greenland
- D.
Sisimiut, Greenland
Correct Answer
B. Fayum, EgyptExplanation
During the Oligocene period, a significant number of fossils were discovered in Fayum, Egypt. This region is renowned for its rich fossil record, particularly of early primates and other mammal species. The geological conditions and ancient ecosystems in Fayum were conducive to the preservation of fossils, making it an ideal location for paleontological research. The fossils found in Fayum have provided valuable insights into the evolution and diversity of life during the Oligocene epoch.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is a squirrel-sized, quadruped primate called?
- A.
Aegyptopithecus
- B.
Apidium
- C.
Tarsiers
- D.
Atelids
Correct Answer
B. ApidiumExplanation
Apidium is the correct answer because it is a type of squirrel-sized, quadruped primate. It is not Aegyptopithecus, Tarsiers, or Atelids, as these are different species of primates that do not fit the description given in the question.Rate this question:
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- 25.
True or false:The Miocene period is known as "the golden age of hominoids".
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
During the Miocene period, which lasted from about 23 to 5.3 million years ago, there was a significant diversification and abundance of hominoids, which include apes and early human ancestors. This period is often referred to as "the golden age of hominoids" because it witnessed the emergence of various ape species, including the ancestors of modern-day orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Fossil evidence from this time provides important insights into the evolutionary history of these primates and their relationship to humans. Therefore, the statement that the Miocene period is known as "the golden age of hominoids" is true.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Sivapithecus is the best know genus in which continent?
- A.
Europe
- B.
South America
- C.
Africa
- D.
Asia
Correct Answer
D. AsiaExplanation
Sivapithecus is the best-known genus in Asia. This genus of extinct apes lived during the Miocene epoch and is considered to be closely related to the ancestor of orangutans. Fossil remains of Sivapithecus have been found in various locations in Asia, particularly in India and Pakistan. These fossils have provided valuable insights into the evolution and behavior of early apes in Asia.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Dryopithecus is the best known ____________ genus.
- A.
Asian
- B.
North American
- C.
South American
- D.
European
Correct Answer
D. EuropeanExplanation
Dryopithecus is the best known European genus because it is primarily found in Europe. Fossil evidence suggests that Dryopithecus lived during the Miocene epoch, around 12 to 9 million years ago, and its remains have been discovered in various European countries such as France, Spain, and Germany. The abundance of fossils and research conducted on Dryopithecus in Europe has contributed to its status as the best known genus in this region.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Hominid divergence from hominoids most likely occurred during late ________ period
- A.
Eocene
- B.
Oligocene
- C.
Paleocene
- D.
Miocene
Correct Answer
D. MioceneExplanation
During the Miocene period, which lasted from about 23 million to 5 million years ago, hominid divergence from hominoids most likely occurred. This period is known for significant evolutionary changes and the emergence of early hominids. Fossil evidence suggests that hominids began to differentiate from their hominoid ancestors during this time, leading to the development of distinct human-like characteristics. Therefore, the Miocene period is the most plausible time frame for the divergence of hominids from hominoids.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Where were the first hominid fossils found?
- A.
Asia
- B.
Africa
- C.
Antarctica
- D.
Europe
Correct Answer
B. AfricaExplanation
The first hominid fossils were found in Africa. Africa is widely recognized as the cradle of humanity, as it is the continent where early hominids, such as Australopithecus and Homo habilis, first appeared. Numerous significant fossil discoveries, including the famous Lucy skeleton, have been made in various African countries, providing crucial insights into our evolutionary history. Africa's rich fossil record and its proximity to other key regions, such as the Middle East, make it an important area for studying human origins.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Hominid or Hominoid? Bipedal locomotion, large brain, and tool making
- A.
Hominids
- B.
Hominoids
Correct Answer
A. HominidsExplanation
The given characteristics of bipedal locomotion, large brain, and tool making are traits that are commonly associated with hominids. Hominids are a group of primates that includes humans and their closest extinct relatives. These traits set hominids apart from other primates and are key features that define the evolutionary lineage leading to humans. On the other hand, hominoids refer to a broader group that includes both hominids and other apes such as orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Therefore, the correct answer is hominids.Rate this question:
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- 31.
True or false:Bipedal locomotion is the single most important characteristic of hominid evolution.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Bipedal locomotion is considered the single most important characteristic of hominid evolution because it allowed our ancestors to walk upright on two legs. This adaptation freed up their hands for tool use, increased their ability to see over tall grasses, and enabled them to cover long distances more efficiently. Bipedalism also played a crucial role in the development of other human traits such as larger brains and complex social behaviors. Therefore, it can be concluded that bipedal locomotion is indeed the single most important characteristic of hominid evolution.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Paleoanthropology is the study of early humans.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Paleoanthropology is indeed the study of early humans. It focuses on understanding the biological and cultural development of humans and their ancestors through the examination of fossils, artifacts, and other evidence. This field of study helps us gain insights into the origins, evolution, and behavior of early humans, allowing us to better understand our own species and its place in the natural world.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Relative or Chronometric dating:determines only whether an object is older or younger than other objects.
- A.
Relative
- B.
Chronometric
Correct Answer
A. RelativeExplanation
Relative dating is a method used to determine the age of an object by comparing it to other objects in its surroundings. It does not provide an exact age but rather establishes whether the object is older or younger than other objects. This is done by analyzing the stratigraphy, the order in which layers of sedimentary rock or archaeological remains were deposited. Chronometric dating, on the other hand, provides a more precise age estimation by using techniques such as radiocarbon dating or tree-ring dating. Therefore, the given answer correctly states that relative dating determines only whether an object is older or younger than other objects.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Relative or Chronometric dating:provides an estimate of age in years based on radioactive decay.
- A.
Relative
- B.
Chronometric
Correct Answer
B. ChronometricExplanation
The correct answer is Chronometric because it provides an estimate of age in years based on radioactive decay. Relative dating, on the other hand, provides an estimate of age based on the comparison of fossils or artifacts to determine their relative age in relation to each other. Chronometric dating is more accurate and precise as it uses scientific methods such as radiocarbon dating or potassium-argon dating to determine the actual age of an object or event.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Check all that apply:What are the suborders of prosimians?
- A.
Lemur
- B.
Bonobo
- C.
Lorises
- D.
Tarsier
Correct Answer(s)
A. Lemur
C. Lorises
D. TarsierExplanation
The correct answer options for the suborders of prosimians are lemur, lorises, and tarsier. Prosimians are a group of primates that include lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers. Bonobos, on the other hand, belong to the suborder of apes and are not considered prosimians. Therefore, the correct options for this question are lemur, lorises, and tarsier.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Where did lemurs originate?
- A.
Egypt
- B.
Madagascar
- C.
India
- D.
Philippines
Correct Answer
B. MadagascarExplanation
Lemurs originated in Madagascar. This is because Madagascar is a unique island that has been isolated from other landmasses for millions of years, allowing for the evolution of distinct and diverse species. Lemurs are a group of primates found exclusively in Madagascar, making it their original home.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Check all that apply:Name the suborders of anthropoids.
- A.
New World Monkeys
- B.
Old World Monkeys
- C.
Hominoids
- D.
Humans
Correct Answer(s)
A. New World Monkeys
B. Old World Monkeys
C. Hominoids
D. HumansExplanation
The correct answer includes all the suborders of anthropoids. New World Monkeys, Old World Monkeys, Hominoids, and Humans are all suborders of anthropoids. New World Monkeys are found in Central and South America, while Old World Monkeys are found in Africa and Asia. Hominoids include great apes and humans. Humans, of course, belong to the suborder of anthropoids as well.Rate this question:
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- 38.
New or Old World Monkeys:Catarrhini
- A.
Old World
- B.
New World
- C.
Disney World
Correct Answer
A. Old WorldExplanation
The correct answer is "Old World" because the term "Catarrhini" refers to a subfamily of primates that includes Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. Old World monkeys are native to Africa and Asia, while New World monkeys are found in Central and South America. The mention of "Disney World" is irrelevant and does not provide any relevant information to the answer.Rate this question:
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- 39.
New or Old World Monkeys:Platyrrhini
- A.
New World
- B.
Old World
Correct Answer
A. New WorldExplanation
The correct answer is "New World" because Platyrrhini refers to a suborder of primates that includes New World monkeys. New World monkeys are found in Central and South America, while Old World monkeys are found in Africa and Asia. Therefore, Platyrrhini is associated with New World monkeys.Rate this question:
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- 40.
True or false:Two divisions of primates are apes and humans.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It's the divisions of hominoidsRate this question:
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- 41.
Check all that apply:Name the three families of hominoids.
- A.
Hominids
- B.
Lesser Apes
- C.
Great Apes
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hominids
B. Lesser Apes
C. Great ApesExplanation
The three families of hominoids are Hominids, Lesser Apes, and Great Apes. Hominids include humans and their closest relatives, while Lesser Apes refer to gibbons and siamangs. Great Apes consist of orangutans, gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Slow, large, and solitary are most likely characteristics of what great or lesser ape?
- A.
Chimpanzee
- B.
Gibbons
- C.
Orangutan
- D.
Bonobos
Correct Answer
C. OrangutanExplanation
Orangutans are known for their slow movement, large size, and solitary behavior. They are the largest arboreal (tree-dwelling) ape and spend most of their time in the trees, moving slowly and deliberately. Unlike other apes that live in social groups, orangutans are typically solitary animals, with adult males being especially solitary. These characteristics make orangutans the most likely great or lesser ape to possess the traits of being slow, large, and solitary.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which is known as the "pygmy chimpanzee"?
- A.
Gorillas
- B.
Bonobos
- C.
Pygmaes Chimpanzos
- D.
Gibbons
Correct Answer
B. BonobosExplanation
Bonobos are known as the "pygmy chimpanzee" due to their smaller size compared to common chimpanzees. They are closely related to chimpanzees but have distinct physical and behavioral differences. Bonobos are known for their peaceful and cooperative behavior, as well as their highly social nature. They are found in the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo and are considered endangered due to habitat loss and poaching.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Humans are part of what species?
- A.
Sapiens
- B.
Hominid
- C.
Homo
- D.
Bipedal
Correct Answer
A. SapiensExplanation
The correct answer is Sapiens because Homo sapiens is the scientific name for modern humans. "Sapiens" refers specifically to the species to which humans belong. Hominid is a broader term that includes humans and their closest extinct relatives, while Homo is the genus that includes humans and some of our extinct ancestors. Bipedal refers to the characteristic of walking on two legs, which is a distinguishing feature of humans but does not encompass the entire species.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What are 2 main factors that influence social structure?
- A.
Predation
- B.
Core Area
- C.
Resources
- D.
Bonding
Correct Answer(s)
A. Predation
C. ResourcesExplanation
Predation and resources are two main factors that influence social structure. Predation refers to the act of one organism preying on another, which can greatly impact the behavior and organization of social groups. The fear of predation can lead to the formation of cohesive groups, where individuals work together to protect themselves. On the other hand, resources such as food, water, and shelter are essential for the survival and well-being of social groups. The availability and distribution of resources can shape the social structure by influencing competition, cooperation, and territoriality among individuals.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Hierarchy belongs to dominance as risk belongs to ___________.
- A.
Affiliation
- B.
Communication
- C.
Altruism
- D.
Integrity
Correct Answer
C. AltruismExplanation
The relationship between hierarchy and dominance suggests a power structure or a system where one entity has control or authority over others. Similarly, the relationship between risk and altruism implies that altruism involves taking risks or making sacrifices for the benefit of others. Altruism involves selflessness and putting others' needs before one's own, which often requires taking risks. Therefore, the correct answer is altruism.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Risk is to altruism as grooming is to _________.
- A.
Dominance
- B.
Communication
- C.
Affiliation
- D.
Integrity
Correct Answer
C. AffiliationExplanation
The relationship between risk and altruism is that risk is a characteristic or behavior associated with altruistic actions. Similarly, grooming is a behavior associated with affiliation. Grooming is a social behavior observed in many animal species, including primates, where individuals engage in physical contact to bond, establish social relationships, and maintain group cohesion. Affiliation refers to the social bond or connection between individuals within a group. Therefore, the correct answer is affiliation.Rate this question:
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