Geology Exam: Match The Following! Trivia Quiz

103 Questions | By Wap05a | Updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Attempts: 6747

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Geology Exam: Match The Following! Trivia Quiz - Quiz

What we have here is a geology exam: match the following! This quiz is perfect for anyone who wants to polish their understanding on some of the basics when it comes to geology. If you are looking for a challenge, be sure to give it a try and see what new information you may learn in the process. All the best and keep a lookout for other quizzes just like it!

Questions and Answers

1.

The ___________ forms the relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics.
- A.
  
  Asthenosphere
- B.
  
  Lithosphere
- C.
  
  Astrosphere
- D.
  
  Eosphere
2.

A ______ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations.
- A.
  
  Hypothesis
- B.
  
  Generalization
- C.
  
  Law
- D.
  
  Theory
3.

__________ rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.
- A.
  
  Sedimentary
- B.
  
  Indigenous
- C.
  
  Primary
- D.
  
  Igneous
4.

_________ rocks always originate at the surface of the solid Earth.
- A.
  
  Secondary
- B.
  
  Igneous
- C.
  
  Metamorphic
- D.
  
  Sedimentary
5.

In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes which units?
- A.
  
  Core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust
- B.
  
  Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
- C.
  
  Inner core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere
- D.
  
  Core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere
6.

The ____ refers to the sum total of all life on Earth.
- A.
  
  Hydrosphere
- B.
  
  Atmosphere
- C.
  
  Biosphere
- D.
  
  Asthenosphere
7.

______ is often paraphrased as "the present is the key to the past".
- A.
  
  Biblical prophecy
- B.
  
  Uniformitarianism
- C.
  
  Aristotelian logic
- D.
  
  Catastrophism
8.

The composition of the core of the Earth is though to be ___
- A.
  
  Basalt
- B.
  
  Granite
- C.
  
  Peridotite
- D.
  
  Solid iron-nickel alloy
9.

The _____ is the thinnest layer of the Earth.
- A.
  
  Crust
- B.
  
  Outer core
- C.
  
  Mantle
- D.
  
  Inner core
10.

Which mineral is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2)?
- A.
  
  Calcite
- B.
  
  Diamond
- C.
  
  Olivine
- D.
  
  Quartz
11.

Which of the following best characterizes ferromagnesian silicates?
- A.
  
  They contain iron and magnetite, are black in color, and they have metallic lusters.
- B.
  
  The are black to dark-green, silicate minerals containing iron and magnesium.
- C.
  
  They contain magnetite and ferroite and they are clear to light green.
- D.
  
  They are mostly clear, colorless, and rich in the elements magnesium and ferrium.
12.

All silicate minerals contain which two elements?
- A.
  
  Iron, silicon
- B.
  
  Silicon, sodium
- C.
  
  Oxygen, carbon
- D.
  
  Silicon, oxygen
13.

In which type of chemical bonding are electrons shared between adjacent atoms?
- A.
  
  Ionic
- B.
  
  Subatomic
- C.
  
  Covalent
- D.
  
  Isotopic
14.

How do the electrons behave in a mineral with metallic bonding?
- A.
  
  They are tightly bound to certain atoms and cannot readily move
- B.
  
  They can move relatively easily from atom to atom inside the mineral
- C.
  
  They react with protons to make neutrons in the outer valence shells
- D.
  
  They move to adjacent negative ions, forming positive ions
15.

Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the Earth's crust?
- A.
  
  Sulfides
- B.
  
  Carbonates
- C.
  
  Silicates
- D.
  
  Chlorides
16.

Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral?
- A.
  
  Luster
- B.
  
  Color streak
- C.
  
  Virtual absorption
- D.
  
  Fluorescence
17.

The sizes, shapes, and arrangements of mineral grains in an igneous rock are known as _______.
- A.
  
  Silica content
- B.
  
  Texture
- C.
  
  Mineral content
- D.
  
  Bowen's reaction series
18.

Visible quartz and potassium feldspar grains are the main constituents in a ______.
- A.
  
  Granite
- B.
  
  Gabbro
- C.
  
  Basalt
- D.
  
  Rhyolite
19.

________ has the same mineral composition as andesite?
- A.
  
  Basalt
- B.
  
  Granite
- C.
  
  Gabbro
- D.
  
  Diorite
20.

The last minerals to crystallize on Bowen's reaction series result in igenous rocks with a ______ composition.
- A.
  
  Felsic
- B.
  
  Intermediate
- C.
  
  Mafic
- D.
  
  Ultramafic
21.

Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface?
- A.
  
  Aa
- B.
  
  Pegmatitic
- C.
  
  Paheohoe
- D.
  
  Scoria
22.

____________ magma is the most abundant type of erupted at oceanic spreading centers.
- A.
  
  Basaltic
- B.
  
  Granitic
- C.
  
  Andesitic
- D.
  
  Pegmatitic
23.

Why would a plume of solid silicate rock rising slowly from deep in the mantle begin melting as it neared the base of the lithosphere?
- A.
  
  The rock heats up and expands at lower pressures, causing it to liquefy
- B.
  
  Temperatures remain high as lowered pressures decrease melting temperatures.
- C.
  
  The lowered pressures cause rapid heat loss accompanied by melting.
- D.
  
  None of the above
24.

_______ are usually the most abundant gasses emitted during basaltic volcanism.
- A.
  
  Chlorine and sodium
- B.
  
  Neon and ammonia
- C.
  
  Oxygen and nitrogen
- D.
  
  Water and carbon dioxide
25.

Which one of the following statements is not true?
- A.
  
  Melting temperatures of silicate rocks increase with increased pressure
- B.
  
  Melting temperatures of silicate rocks are lowered by small amounts of water
- C.
  
  Basalt magmas in general have higher temperatures than rhyolite magmas
- D.
  
  When magma reaches the surface, its dissolved gas content increases