First-year Pre-test
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Pre-test on echocardiography for first-year cardiology fellows
- 1.If the Nyquist limit is set too high, what effect will that have on the severity of valvular regurgitation, as judged by visual assessment of Doppler flow across that valve?
- A.
Overestimate (regurgitation will look more severe than it actually is)
- B.
Underestimate (regurgitation will look less severe than it actually is)
- C.
What in the world is the Nyquist limit?
- D.
Visual assessment of regurgitant lesions is not quantitative, so this question is irrelevant
- 2.The higher the frequency of the ultrasound beam...
- A.
...the shorter the wavelength
- B.
...the greater the penetration into the medium
- C.
...the better the radial resolution
- D.
...the easier to hear
- 3.What is the frequency of ultrasound?
- A.
Less than 20 Hz
- B.
Between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz
- C.
Greater than 20,000 Hz
- D.
In a range that can only be heard by dogs
- 4.
- A.
The speed that sound travels is determined by the medium
- B.
The average speed of sound in soft tissue (cardiac ultrasound) is 1.54 mm/microsecond
- C.
The speed of sound is determined by the medium's density
- D.
Sound moves faster through air than through soft tissue
- 5.Which factor improves temporal resolution (increases frame rate):
- A.
Decreasing the sector width
- B.
Increasing the imaging depth
- 6.
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What cusp is identified by the arrow?- A.
Noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve
- B.
Left coronary cusp of the aortic valve
- C.
Right coronary cusp of the aortic valve
- D.
Anterior leaflet of the mitral valve
- 7.When using the continuity equation, the measurement most likely to result in an inaccurate assessment of stenosis severity is:
- A.
The VTI of the LV outflow tract
- B.
The diameter of the LV outflow tract
- C.
The VTI through the aortic valve
- D.
The degree of valve calcification
- 8.The entire inferior wall is seen in which standard view?
- A.
Apical four chamber view
- B.
Apical two chamber view
- C.
Apical long axis view
- D.
Short axis view at the papillary muscle level
- 9.
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Identify the vascular structure seen:- A.
Inferior Vena Cava
- B.
Superior Vena Cava
- C.
Aortic Arch
- D.
Abdominal Aorta
- 10.Which of the following is the most accurate description of this movie?
- A.
Normal aortic valve
- B.
Normal mitral valve
- C.
Rheumatic mitral stenosis
- D.
Bicuspid aortic valve
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