1.
Local leaders of the islamic religion
Correct Answer
A. Scholars and lawgivers
Explanation
The correct answer is scholars and lawgivers. This answer suggests that local leaders of the Islamic religion are scholars who possess knowledge and expertise in Islamic teachings and laws. They are responsible for interpreting and implementing religious laws within their communities. They play a crucial role in guiding and educating people about Islamic principles and practices. Lawgivers, on the other hand, are responsible for formulating and enforcing legal frameworks based on Islamic principles. They ensure that the laws are in accordance with religious teachings and serve the best interests of the community.
2.
Arabs burst into larger Middle east
Correct Answer
B. Muhammed
Explanation
Muhammed is the correct answer because he was the founder of Islam and played a significant role in the expansion of Arab influence in the larger Middle East. Through his leadership, the Arab armies conquered several territories, spreading the religion of Islam and establishing a vast empire. Muhammed's successors, known as the Rashidun Caliphs, including Ali, Umar, and Harun al-Rashid, continued this expansion and further solidified Arab dominance in the region.
3.
622, Muhammed fled to
Correct Answer
C. Medina
Explanation
Muhammed fled to Medina. This event, known as the Hijra, took place in 622. After facing persecution in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers sought refuge in Medina. This migration marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar and was a significant turning point in the spread of Islam. Medina provided a safe haven for Muhammad and his followers, allowing them to establish a community and continue spreading their teachings.
4.
The growh of Ghana was based on
Correct Answer
C. The control of the gold trade between the Mediterranean and the sub saharan Africa
Explanation
The growth of Ghana was based on the control of the gold trade between the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan Africa. This control allowed Ghana to accumulate wealth and establish itself as a powerful empire. The gold trade brought economic prosperity to Ghana, enabling the empire to develop bureaucratic structures and state-run legal codes. Additionally, the wealth from the gold trade facilitated the expansion and conquest of foreign territories, further fueling Ghana's growth and influence in the region.
5.
The abbasid Dynasty was marked by all of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer
A. The development of durable political institutions
Explanation
The Abbasid Dynasty was marked by the movement of the Muslim capital to Baghdad, the spread of Islam among non-Muslims, and the use of professional soldiers and slaves for troops. However, it was not marked by the development of durable political institutions. This suggests that while the Abbasid Dynasty had significant achievements and advancements, it did not establish long-lasting political structures or systems.
6.
Builing on the Koran, Islamic rulers gradually developed an elaborate body of law known as the
Correct Answer
D. Sharia
Explanation
Sharia is the correct answer because it refers to the elaborate body of Islamic law that was developed by Islamic rulers based on the teachings of the Koran. Sharia encompasses various aspects of life, including religious obligations, moral conduct, family law, and criminal justice. It is derived from the Koran and the Hadith (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad) and serves as a guide for Muslims in their personal and public lives. It has been influential in shaping the legal systems of many Muslim-majority countries.
7.
The five pillarsof Islam included all of the following except
Correct Answer
B. Prayer three times a day
Explanation
The five pillars of Islam are the core principles and practices that every Muslim is expected to follow. These pillars include the belief in one god, Allah, the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj), the fast of Ramadan, and prayer five times a day. The correct answer is "prayer three times a day" because Muslims are required to pray five times a day, not three.
8.
Political disunity in the Middle East stemmed from
Correct Answer
A. The Sunni-Shia split
Explanation
The correct answer is the Sunni-Shia split. This division between the two major branches of Islam has been a significant factor in the political disunity in the Middle East. The Sunni-Shia split originated from a disagreement over the rightful successor to Prophet Muhammad, leading to ongoing tensions, conflicts, and power struggles between Sunni and Shia Muslims throughout history. These divisions have influenced political, social, and religious dynamics in the region, contributing to the lack of unity and stability in the Middle East.
9.
Rationalist philosophers in the Middle East
Correct Answer
B. Explored how much truth could be foundthrough reason
Explanation
The answer suggests that rationalist philosophers in the Middle East explored how much truth could be found through reason. This means that they focused on using reason and logical thinking to understand and uncover truths about the world. They likely questioned traditional beliefs and sought to find knowledge through rational thought rather than relying solely on religious or supernatural explanations.
10.
Which of the following was NOT a well developed form of Arab art?
Correct Answer
B. Portrait painting
Explanation
Portrait painting was not a well-developed form of Arab art. While humor poetry, vocal music, and palace architecture were all significant and flourishing art forms in Arab culture, portrait painting did not have the same level of prominence. Arab art predominantly focused on calligraphy, geometric patterns, and decorative designs, rather than individual portraiture.
11.
Which religion had not won converts in South east Asia by 1400?
Correct Answer
D. Christianity
Explanation
Christianity had not won converts in Southeast Asia by 1400. This can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, Christianity had not yet spread to Southeast Asia during this time period. Secondly, the dominant religions in the region at that time were Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam, which had already established a strong presence and had successfully converted many people. Additionally, Christianity's focus on monotheism and its emphasis on missionary work may have made it less appealing or compatible with the existing beliefs and practices of the Southeast Asian population.
12.
During the centuries after the fall of the Guptas, the average Indian lived under which of the following kinds of rulers?
Correct Answer
C. Regional prince
Explanation
During the centuries after the fall of the Guptas, the average Indian lived under the rule of regional princes. These regional princes held power over specific territories or regions within India. They were responsible for governing their respective regions and maintaining law and order within their territories. The decentralization of power led to the rise of regional kingdoms and a shift away from a centralized empire like the Gupta dynasty. The regional princes often had their own armies and were able to exert control over their territories, although they were not as powerful or influential as the emperors of the Gupta period.
13.
In reaction to the competition of Islam, Hindu leaders
Correct Answer
A. Developed new contacts with popular devotion
Explanation
In response to the competition of Islam, Hindu leaders developed new contacts with popular devotion. This means that they sought to connect with the masses by emphasizing and promoting popular forms of religious worship and devotion. This strategy was likely employed to counter the appeal of Islam and retain the Hindu followers. By doing so, Hindu leaders aimed to strengthen their position and influence within the community.
14.
All of the following might be argued as strengths of the caste system EXCEPT
Correct Answer
D. Helping to assure that the most talened people would rule
Explanation
The caste system cannot be argued as a strength in terms of helping to assure that the most talented people would rule. The caste system is based on rigid social hierarchy and hereditary occupation, where individuals are born into specific castes and their social mobility is limited. This system does not prioritize talent or meritocracy, as individuals are assigned their roles and positions based on their caste at birth rather than their abilities or skills.
15.
Continuities in Indian civilization from the classical period to the post-Gupta centuries included all of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer
C. Diversity of languages
Explanation
The correct answer is diversity of languages. This is because, despite the continuity of various aspects of Indian civilization from the classical period to the post-Gupta centuries, the diversity of languages is not mentioned as one of these continuities. The other options, such as a strong peasant village government, the importance of Buddhism as a significant religion, and a caste system, are all mentioned as continuities in Indian civilization during this time period.
16.
Which of the following modern countries is NOT in Southeast Asia?
Correct Answer
D. Korea
Explanation
Korea is not in Southeast Asia. It is located in East Asia, specifically on the Korean Peninsula. Southeast Asia consists of countries located south of China, east of India, and north of Australia. Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia are all countries in Southeast Asia.
17.
The main influence of India on Southeast Asia turned out to be
Correct Answer
B. Hinduism
Explanation
India's main influence on Southeast Asia was Hinduism. Hinduism spread to Southeast Asia through trade and cultural interactions, resulting in the adoption of Hindu beliefs, practices, and architectural styles in the region. This influence can be seen in the establishment of Hindu temples, the worship of Hindu deities, and the incorporation of Hindu concepts into local traditions and customs. Hinduism played a significant role in shaping the religious, artistic, and social aspects of Southeast Asian societies, leaving a lasting impact on the region's culture and identity.
18.
Which of the following was NOT a factor in Islam's gains in Southeast Asia by 1400?
Correct Answer
B. Military conquest
Explanation
Military conquest was not a factor in Islam's gains in Southeast Asia by 1400. While Islam did spread through military conquest in other regions, such as North Africa and the Middle East, it was not the primary factor in Southeast Asia. Instead, Islam's gains in Southeast Asia were primarily driven by a strong commercial presence, fervent missionary piety, and the reduction of Indian independence during the Delhi Sultanate. These factors, along with peaceful trade and cultural exchanges, played a significant role in the spread of Islam in the region.
19.
Hindus in India objected to Islam on all grounds except
Correct Answer
A. The muslim disregard for Hindu spirituality
Explanation
The Hindus in India objected to Islam on all grounds except for the Muslim disregard for Hindu spirituality. This suggests that the Hindus may have had issues with Islam in terms of Muslims' attitude towards alcohol, their attitude towards pork, and the practice of veiling and secluding women. However, they did not object to Islam based on its disregard for Hindu spirituality.
20.
The Southeast Asian empire Srivijava included all the islands except
Correct Answer
D. Vietnam
Explanation
The correct answer is Vietnam because Srivijava was an empire in Southeast Asia that included all the islands except Vietnam. This suggests that Vietnam was not part of the Srivijava empire, while Sumatra, Java, and Borneo were included in its territory.
21.
The Kalihari desert is located in
Correct Answer
A. Southern Africa
Explanation
The correct answer is Southern Africa because the Kalahari desert is primarily located in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa, which are countries in the southern part of the African continent. It covers an area of approximately 900,000 square kilometers and is known for its red sand dunes, sparse vegetation, and unique wildlife.
22.
By what date were Muslim traders traveling across the Sahara Desert to aquire African goods?
Correct Answer
B. 700 AD
Explanation
Muslim traders began traveling across the Sahara Desert to acquire African goods by 700 AD. This date marks the expansion of Islam into North Africa and the establishment of trade routes that connected the Islamic world with sub-Saharan Africa. The trade routes facilitated the exchange of goods such as gold, ivory, salt, and slaves between Muslim traders and African kingdoms. The trans-Saharan trade played a significant role in the spread of Islam and the cultural and economic integration of North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa.
23.
What great city emerged in the southern Sahara because of the trade across the Sahara desert?
Correct Answer
C. Cairo
Explanation
Cairo emerged as a great city in the southern Sahara because of the trade across the Sahara desert. Its strategic location along the Nile River made it a major hub for trade routes connecting North Africa, the Mediterranean, and the rest of the African continent. The city's prosperity and growth were fueled by the trade of goods such as gold, ivory, salt, and slaves, attracting merchants and traders from various regions. This economic activity contributed to the development of Cairo as a significant cultural, political, and economic center in the region.
24.
Following Muhammed's death, early Middle Eastern civilizations were characterized most by
Correct Answer
A. The developement of durable political institution
Explanation
After Muhammed's death, the early Middle Eastern civilizations focused on establishing stable and long-lasting political institutions. This was crucial in order to maintain order and governance in the region. The development of durable political institutions allowed for the establishment of centralized power and the implementation of effective governance systems. It provided a framework for decision-making, law enforcement, and the administration of justice. These institutions played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of the Middle East during this period.
25.
What kingdom arose in the Sudan following the decline of Ghana in 1200's?
Correct Answer
A. Mali
Explanation
Following the decline of Ghana in the 1200s, the kingdom that arose in the Sudan was Mali. Mali was a powerful and wealthy empire that controlled the trans-Saharan trade routes and became known for its great wealth, particularly through the gold and salt trade. The empire was ruled by influential leaders such as Sundiata Keita and Mansa Musa, who brought stability and prosperity to the region. Mali's rise marked a significant shift in power in the region and established it as a dominant force in West Africa.
26.
Which of the following regions converted to Islam?
Correct Answer
C. Sudan
Explanation
Sudan is the correct answer because it is known that the region of Sudan converted to Islam. Islam spread to Sudan through trade routes and Arab merchants, and it became the dominant religion in the region during the medieval period. The conversion to Islam in Sudan had a significant impact on the culture, society, and politics of the region.
27.
Which of the following monarchs traveled to Mecca with camels loaded with gold dust?
Correct Answer
B. Mansu Musa
Explanation
Mansu Musa is the correct answer because he was a wealthy and powerful ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century. He is known for his famous pilgrimage to Mecca, during which he traveled with a large entourage that included thousands of people and camels carrying gold and other valuable resources. Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca showcased his immense wealth and power, as he distributed gold along his journey, leaving a lasting impression on the regions he passed through.
28.
Which of the following in a Bantu kingdom in the gold-producing area of southern Africa?
Correct Answer
C. Zimbabwe
Explanation
Zimbabwe is the correct answer because it was a Bantu kingdom located in the gold-producing area of southern Africa. The kingdom of Zimbabwe was known for its extensive trade in gold and other resources, which contributed to its wealth and power. The kingdom reached its peak between the 11th and 15th centuries, with Great Zimbabwe being its capital and an important center of political, economic, and cultural activities. The ruins of Great Zimbabwe are a UNESCO World Heritage site and provide evidence of the kingdom's advanced architecture and sophisticated society.
29.
Which kingdom is a Christian state in Africa?
Correct Answer
A. Ethiopia
Explanation
Ethiopia is a Christian state in Africa because it is historically known as one of the oldest Christian nations in the world. Christianity was introduced to Ethiopia in the 4th century and has since become the dominant religion. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church plays a significant role in the country's culture and society, with Christianity being deeply ingrained in the lives of the Ethiopian people. Additionally, Ethiopia's Christian heritage is reflected in its religious practices, traditions, and numerous ancient churches and monasteries.
30.
How did Africa aquire many of its slaves?
Correct Answer
D. They were prisoners captured in war
Explanation
The correct answer is that many of Africa's slaves were prisoners captured in war. This means that individuals who were captured during conflicts were often enslaved and sold as slaves. This practice was common in various parts of Africa, where prisoners of war would be taken captive and then sold to slave traders. This method of acquiring slaves played a significant role in the transatlantic slave trade and the forced migration of Africans to the Americas.
31.
The significance of the Byzantine Empire included all of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer
D. The empire's conquest of the Ottoman Empire and its inclusion of all of the Middle East
Explanation
The correct answer is the empire's conquest of the Ottoman Empire and its inclusion of all of the Middle East. The Byzantine Empire did not conquer the Ottoman Empire or include all of the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire emerged after the fall of the Byzantine Empire and went on to conquer Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire's significance lies in its ability to spread cultural and political influence, its capital at Constantinople being a major urban center, and the development of Orthodox Christianity.
32.
Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire?
Correct Answer
B. The empire's most important cultural and political successor was Russia
Explanation
The statement that the empire's most important cultural and political successor was Russia accurately reflects the cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire. This is because after the fall of the Byzantine Empire, Russia adopted many aspects of Byzantine culture, including its art, architecture, and religion (Eastern Orthodox Christianity). The Byzantine Empire also had a significant influence on the development of the Russian political system, with the concept of the autocratic ruler being derived from Byzantine models. Therefore, Russia can be seen as the most important successor to the cultural and political legacy of the Byzantine Empire.
33.
The capital of the Byzantine Empire and its commercial center was located at
Correct Answer
C. Constantinople
Explanation
The correct answer is Constantinople. Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and served as its commercial center. It was strategically located on the Bosporus Strait, connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. The city's prime location made it a hub for trade and allowed the Byzantine Empire to control key trade routes between Europe and Asia. Constantinople was also known for its impressive architecture, including the famous Hagia Sophia, and its rich cultural and intellectual life. The city remained the capital of the Byzantine Empire until its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453.
34.
The Byzantine Empire began
Correct Answer
B. In the fourth century AD, with the founding of Constantinople
Explanation
In the given options, the correct answer is "in the fourth century AD, with the founding of Constantinople". This is because the Byzantine Empire was established in the year 330 AD when the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the newly founded city of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul). This marked the beginning of the Byzantine Empire, which would last for over a thousand years until its fall in 1453.
35.
Which of the following represents one of Justinian's accomplishments?
Correct Answer
A. The issuance of a new law code
Explanation
Justinian's accomplishment of issuing a new law code is significant because it resulted in the compilation and organization of existing Roman laws. This law code, known as the Justinian Code or the Corpus Juris Civilis, became the foundation of legal systems in many European countries. It standardized and clarified laws, providing a comprehensive legal framework for the Byzantine Empire. This accomplishment had a lasting impact on legal systems and influenced the development of civil law in Western civilization.
36.
What people provided the most serious challenge to Byzantine authority in the Balkan peninsula?
Correct Answer
A. Arab Muslims
Explanation
Arab Muslims posed the most serious challenge to Byzantine authority in the Balkan peninsula. The Arab Muslim armies launched several invasions into the region during the 7th and 8th centuries, aiming to expand their territories and spread Islam. These invasions caused significant damage to Byzantine territories and posed a major threat to their authority. The Byzantine Empire had to mobilize its forces and engage in numerous battles to defend its control over the Balkans. The Arab Muslim threat remained a constant challenge for Byzantine authority in the region during this period.
37.
When did the Mongols conquer Kievan Russia?
Correct Answer
D. 1500
38.
Cyril and Methodius were responsible for what accomplishement?
Correct Answer
D. The creation of a written script for the Slavic language
Explanation
Cyril and Methodius are known for creating a written script for the Slavic language. They developed the Glagolitic alphabet, which was later modified into the Cyrillic alphabet. This allowed for the translation of religious texts into the Slavic language and played a significant role in the spread of Christianity among the Slavic-speaking people. Their work in creating a written script for the Slavic language contributed to the preservation and development of Slavic culture and literature.
39.
Who was Rurik?
Correct Answer
A. The legendary Scandinavian who becam the first king of Kievan Rus
Explanation
Rurik was a legendary Scandinavian who became the first king of Kievan Rus. This answer is supported by historical accounts and legends that suggest Rurik, along with his brothers, established the Varangian dynasty in the 9th century and ruled over the East Slavic tribes in what is now modern-day Russia and Ukraine. Rurik's reign marked the beginning of the Kievan Rus state, which eventually evolved into the Russian Empire.
40.
Eastern European culture, litterature and art
Correct Answer
C. Is primarily religious
Explanation
Eastern European culture, literature, and art have a strong emphasis on religious themes and beliefs. Religion plays a significant role in shaping the values, traditions, and artistic expressions of this region. The influence of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Catholicism, and other religious practices is evident in various aspects of Eastern European culture, including literature and art. Religious symbolism, rituals, and narratives often form the foundation of artistic creations, reflecting the deep-rooted religious nature of the region's cultural heritage.