Eu Final Exam Review
Questions from Test I-II
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Einstein was runner-up to Ghandi for Time's Man of the 20th Century?
- A.
False
- B.
True
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Einstein was not the runner-up to Gandhi for Time's Man of the 20th Century. The statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The Fifth Postulate of Euclidean Geometry can be proven from the other four postulates?
- A.
No
- B.
Yes
Correct Answer
A. NoExplanation
The Fifth Postulate of Euclidean Geometry, also known as the parallel postulate, states that if a line intersects two other lines and the interior angles on the same side add up to less than 180 degrees, then the two lines, when extended indefinitely, will eventually intersect on that side. This postulate cannot be proven from the other four postulates of Euclidean Geometry, as it introduces a unique concept that is not derived from the other axioms. Therefore, the correct answer is "No."Rate this question:
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- 3.
What group of scientists helped create the Maxwell Equation?
- A.
Unknown Greek Scientists
- B.
Ampere, Coulomb, Faraday, and Gauss
- C.
No group, just Maxwell
Correct Answer
B. Ampere, Coulomb, Faraday, and GaussExplanation
The correct answer is "Ampere, Coulomb, Faraday, and Gauss." These scientists, along with Maxwell, made significant contributions to the development of the Maxwell Equations. Ampere formulated the Ampere's law, Coulomb discovered the Coulomb's law, Faraday established the concept of electromagnetic induction, Gauss contributed to the Gauss's law, and Maxwell synthesized their findings into a unified set of equations that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is the main conclusion of Einstein's disription of Brownian Motion?
- A.
Direct proof of the existence of a black hole at the center of all galaxies
- B.
Direct evidence of the existence of atoms
- C.
Gazelles should e placed on the endangered species list.
Correct Answer
B. Direct evidence of the existence of atomsExplanation
Einstein's description of Brownian motion provides direct evidence of the existence of atoms. Brownian motion is the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid, caused by the constant bombardment of the particles by the fluid molecules. Einstein's explanation of this phenomenon showed that the observed motion can only be explained if the particles are being hit by individual molecules, which supports the existence of atoms. This conclusion is significant as it provides experimental proof for the atomic theory and contributes to our understanding of the microscopic world.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What was Einsteins Miraculous year?
- A.
1905
- B.
1918
- C.
1915
Correct Answer
A. 1905Explanation
Einstein's Miraculous year refers to the year 1905, when Albert Einstein published four groundbreaking papers that revolutionized the field of physics. These papers introduced his theories on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity, and the equivalence of mass and energy (E=mc²). This year marked a turning point in Einstein's career and solidified his reputation as one of the greatest scientific minds in history.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Einstein described the photoelectric effect and Brownian moion, and created special realitivity in different years.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because Einstein did not create special relativity in different years. He actually published his theory of special relativity in 1905, which included the description of the photoelectric effect and Brownian motion. Therefore, the statement is incorrect as it suggests that these achievements were made at different times.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which object of spacetime physics led to the conclusion E=mc^2
- A.
The pressure of laser lights acting on mirrors
- B.
Objects moving at the speed of light are so dense they turn into energy
- C.
The union of energy and momentum into a four-dimensional vector
Correct Answer
C. The union of energy and momentum into a four-dimensional vectorExplanation
The correct answer is the union of energy and momentum into a four-dimensional vector. This is because the equation E=mc^2, which relates energy (E) to mass (m) and the speed of light (c), is derived from the concept of four-momentum in special relativity. In this framework, energy and momentum are combined into a four-component vector, where the time component corresponds to energy and the spatial components correspond to momentum. The equation E=mc^2 arises when the magnitude of this four-momentum vector is calculated and found to be equal to the rest mass of an object multiplied by the speed of light squared.Rate this question:
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- 8.
How can one represent four-dimensional spacetime as a drawing in three demensions?
- A.
A lattice-work of rulers
- B.
A lattice-work of rulers and one clock
- C.
A lattice-work of rulers, with a clock at each point of the lattice where the rulers connect.
Correct Answer
C. A lattice-work of rulers, with a clock at each point of the lattice where the rulers connect.Explanation
To represent four-dimensional spacetime as a drawing in three dimensions, a lattice-work of rulers can be used. However, to accurately depict the concept of spacetime, it is necessary to include a clock at each point of the lattice where the rulers connect. This addition of clocks helps to illustrate the time dimension in addition to the three spatial dimensions. By incorporating both rulers and clocks, the drawing can provide a visual representation of the interconnectedness of space and time in four-dimensional spacetime.Rate this question:
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- 9.
After Maxwell completed the equations that are named after him, what was he able to predict?
- A.
Electromagnetic waves move at the speed of light
- B.
Electromagnetic waves move at the speed of sound
Correct Answer
A. Electromagnetic waves move at the speed of lightExplanation
After completing his equations, Maxwell was able to predict that electromagnetic waves move at the speed of light. This is because his equations showed that electromagnetic waves are composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, and these fields propagate through space at the speed of light. This prediction was later confirmed by experimental evidence and is now a fundamental principle in physics.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Einsteins description of the photoelectric effect is able to explain which two phenomena?
- A.
The energy of emitted electrons is independent of the intensity of the incident light, and the number electrons emitted is independent of the frequency of the incident light.
- B.
The energy of emitted electrons is dependent on the intensity of the incident light, and the number of electrons emitted is depend of the frequency of the incident light.
Correct Answer
A. The energy of emitted electrons is independent of the intensity of the incident light, and the number electrons emitted is independent of the frequency of the incident light.Explanation
Einstein's description of the photoelectric effect can explain two phenomena: the energy of emitted electrons is independent of the intensity of the incident light, and the number of electrons emitted is independent of the frequency of the incident light. This means that the energy of the emitted electrons is determined solely by the frequency of the incident light, while the intensity of the light only affects the number of electrons emitted, not their energy. This explanation is consistent with the experimental observations of the photoelectric effect.Rate this question:
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- 11.
When the magnetic flux through a circle of conducting wire changes with time, what is the main responce of the wire
- A.
To develop and electric current
- B.
Balckbody radiation
Correct Answer
A. To develop and electric currentExplanation
When the magnetic flux through a circle of conducting wire changes with time, the main response of the wire is to develop an electric current. This is due to the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a nearby conductor. As the magnetic flux through the wire changes, it creates an electromotive force (EMF) that causes the flow of electrons, resulting in the development of an electric current in the wire.Rate this question:
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- 12.
There are magnetic charges that can act as soruces or sinks of magnetic flux?
- A.
No
- B.
Yes
Correct Answer
A. NoExplanation
Magnetic charges, also known as magnetic monopoles, have not been observed in nature. Unlike electric charges, which can exist as positive or negative charges, magnetic charges only exist in pairs, known as dipoles. Therefore, there are no magnetic charges that can act as sources or sinks of magnetic flux.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Chose the most correct statement.
- A.
Pythagoras Theorem can be used to calculate distances in space-time with no modifications
- B.
Pythagoras Theorem can be used to calculate distances in space-time, bt the time park has a minus sign in front of it.
Correct Answer
A. Pythagoras Theorem can be used to calculate distances in space-time with no modificationsExplanation
Pythagoras Theorem is a mathematical principle that applies to calculating distances in Euclidean space, where there are three dimensions. However, in space-time, which is a four-dimensional concept that includes the dimension of time, Pythagoras Theorem alone cannot accurately calculate distances. In space-time, the concept of distance is more complex and requires the use of other mathematical tools, such as the spacetime interval or the metric tensor. Therefore, the statement that Pythagoras Theorem can be used to calculate distances in space-time with no modifications is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Intertial observers always observe the same acceleration of an object as non-intertail observies
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Inertial observers and non-inertial observers do not always observe the same acceleration of an object. Inertial observers are in a state of constant velocity or at rest, while non-inertial observers are in a state of acceleration or rotation. Therefore, their observations of an object's acceleration will differ.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Weight W is given by mass m times the accleration due to gravity g; i.e. W= m*g. For the Earth the accleration due to gravity has the value 9.8 m/s^2 but on the Moon it is 1/6 thatt of earths. Determine the weight of a person on the moon whose weight on earth is 600 Newtons.
- A.
110 N
- B.
83.7 N
Correct Answer
A. 110 NExplanation
The weight of an object is given by the equation W = m*g, where W is the weight, m is the mass, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. On Earth, the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s^2, while on the Moon it is 1/6 that of Earth's.
To find the weight of a person on the Moon whose weight on Earth is 600 Newtons, we can set up the following equation:
600 N = m * (1/6 * 9.8 m/s^2)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
600 N = m * 1.6333 m/s^2
Dividing both sides of the equation by 1.6333 m/s^2, we find:
m = 600 N / 1.6333 m/s^2
m ≈ 367.6 kg
Now, we can calculate the weight on the Moon using the equation W = m * (1/6 * 9.8 m/s^2):
W = 367.6 kg * (1/6 * 9.8 m/s^2)
W ≈ 60.93 N
Therefore, the weight of a person on the Moon whose weight on Earth is 600 Newtons is approximately 60.93 Newtons. However, since the answer options do not include this value, we can conclude that the question is incomplete or not readable.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Are there lines that can be drawn in spacetime that violate cause and effect
- A.
No
- B.
Yes
Correct Answer
B. YesExplanation
The answer "Yes" suggests that there are lines that can be drawn in spacetime that violate cause and effect. This implies that there are scenarios where an event can occur before its cause, which contradicts the fundamental principle of causality. Such lines would challenge our understanding of the laws of physics and the nature of causality, leading to potential paradoxes and inconsistencies in our understanding of the universe.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The First Law of Newtonian Mechanics can be proven from the Second Law of Newtonian Mechanics.
- A.
No
- B.
Yes
Correct Answer
A. NoExplanation
The first law of Newtonian mechanics, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction, unless acted upon by an external force. This law does not require the second law of Newtonian mechanics, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. The first law can be observed and proven independently without relying on the second law. Therefore, the statement that the first law can be proven from the second law is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What is the angle tat a light-cone makes with the spacial axes, x,y, or z assuming that the time axis is labeled by c(t) where c is the speed of light
- A.
0
- B.
45
Correct Answer
B. 45Explanation
The angle that a light-cone makes with the spatial axes x, y, or z assuming that the time axis is labeled by c(t) where c is the speed of light is 45 degrees.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The classical model of the atom does not work since it decays because of electromagnetic radiation
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
A. YesExplanation
The classical model of the atom does not work because it fails to account for the phenomenon of electromagnetic radiation. According to classical physics, an electron orbiting the nucleus would continuously emit energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, causing the atom to decay over time. However, this is not observed in reality, indicating that the classical model is inadequate. The development of quantum mechanics resolved this issue by introducing the concept of discrete energy levels and wave-particle duality.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The bohr model of the atom can be used to describe the spectral properties of all atoms of the periodic table.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The Bohr model of the atom is a simplified representation that only accurately describes the spectral properties of hydrogen and singly ionized helium. It fails to explain the more complex spectral properties of atoms with multiple electrons, making the statement false.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following describes best electrons and positirons
- A.
There are no differences
- B.
Electrons are matter and positrons are their anti-matter partners
- C.
Positirons are the positive charges in atomic nuclei of the periodic table whereas the electrons are in the orbitals of atoms
Correct Answer
B. Electrons are matter and positrons are their anti-matter partnersExplanation
Electrons and positrons are both subatomic particles, but they have opposite charges. Electrons have a negative charge, while positrons have a positive charge. They are considered to be each other's antiparticles, meaning that they have the same mass but opposite charges. When an electron and a positron come into contact, they can annihilate each other, releasing energy in the form of gamma rays. Therefore, the statement that "Electrons are matter and positrons are their anti-matter partners" accurately describes the relationship between electrons and positrons.Rate this question:
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- 22.
When Dirac combined special relativity with quatum mechanics he made a startling discovery. Which of the following is Dirac's discover
- A.
Quantum mechanics is invalidated
- B.
Special relativity is invalidated
- C.
The existence of anti-matter
Correct Answer
C. The existence of anti-matterExplanation
Dirac's discovery was the existence of anti-matter. When he combined special relativity with quantum mechanics, he found that his equations predicted the existence of particles with the same mass as ordinary matter but with opposite charge. This led to the realization that for every particle there exists an antiparticle, which has the same mass but opposite charge. This discovery revolutionized our understanding of particle physics and has been confirmed through experimental observations.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What is a photon
- A.
A particle associated with the electromagnetic radiation
- B.
Another form of the electron
Correct Answer
A. A particle associated with the electromagnetic radiationExplanation
A photon is a particle that is associated with electromagnetic radiation. It is not another form of the electron, but rather a distinct particle that carries energy and momentum. Photons are massless and travel at the speed of light. They have properties of both particles and waves, exhibiting characteristics such as wavelength and frequency. Electromagnetic radiation, such as light, consists of photons.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The standard model does not incorporate all currently known fundamental forces of nature at a quantum level: strong, weak, elctromagnetic, and gravity
- A.
No
- B.
Yes
Correct Answer
B. YesExplanation
The given statement is correct as the standard model of particle physics does not include gravity as a fundamental force at a quantum level. While the standard model successfully describes the other three fundamental forces (strong, weak, and electromagnetic), it does not incorporate gravity into its framework. Gravity is currently described by the theory of general relativity, which is not fully compatible with the principles of quantum mechanics. Therefore, the standard model is incomplete in terms of incorporating all known fundamental forces at a quantum level.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Temperature plays no role in the shape of a blackbody's spectrum
- A.
False
- B.
True
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Temperature does play a role in the shape of a blackbody's spectrum. A blackbody spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object at different wavelengths. The shape of this spectrum is determined by the temperature of the object. As the temperature increases, the peak of the spectrum shifts towards shorter wavelengths, resulting in a different shape. Therefore, temperature is a crucial factor in determining the shape of a blackbody's spectrum.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The waving associated with a wave function is analogous to what.
- A.
A crime wave passing through a neighborhood
- B.
The newtonian motion of cards as they are dealt in a card game
- C.
The newtonian motion of a coin flipped
Correct Answer
A. A crime wave passing through a neighborhoodExplanation
The waving associated with a wave function is analogous to a crime wave passing through a neighborhood. Just like a wave function, a crime wave involves the movement and propagation of criminal activities through a specific area. Both phenomena exhibit a pattern of oscillation and spreading, making them comparable in terms of their behavior and characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Determine which of the following is one of the great insights of the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom
- A.
Angular momentm and energy of electrons in motion around a proton can be determined in exactly the same way as the planets moving around the sun
- B.
The periodic table of elements is understandable through the structure of quantum states of electrons in atoms
- C.
Gravity is the most important force in a hydrogen atom
Correct Answer
B. The periodic table of elements is understandable through the structure of quantum states of electrons in atomsExplanation
The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom provides the insight that the periodic table of elements can be understood through the structure of quantum states of electrons in atoms. This means that the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels determines its chemical properties and its position in the periodic table. The Bohr model introduced the concept of quantized energy levels and explained the emission and absorption of light by atoms, which laid the foundation for understanding the behavior of electrons in atoms and the organization of elements in the periodic table.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What is the pauli exclusion principle
- A.
If an object contains a fermion in cannot contain a boson
- B.
The likelihood of finding two fermions in the same quantum state is zero
Correct Answer
B. The likelihood of finding two fermions in the same quantum state is zeroExplanation
The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that two identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. This means that the likelihood of finding two fermions in the same quantum state is zero. This principle is fundamental in understanding the behavior of particles with half-integer spin, such as electrons, and it plays a crucial role in determining the electronic structure of atoms and the properties of matter.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What is the fundemental difference between newton's law of mechanics and quantum mechanics
- A.
Newtons law produces position as a function of time but quantum mechanics can only give acceleration
- B.
Newtons laws produce only the weight of an object whereas quantum mechanics provides momentum and positions
- C.
Newtons laws produce position, velocity, and acceleration as a function of time but quantum mechanics gives the probability of finding a particle at a given position at a given time
Correct Answer
C. Newtons laws produce position, velocity, and acceleration as a function of time but quantum mechanics gives the probability of finding a particle at a given position at a given timeExplanation
The correct answer states that Newton's laws produce position, velocity, and acceleration as a function of time, while quantum mechanics gives the probability of finding a particle at a given position at a given time. This means that Newton's laws provide deterministic predictions of the motion of objects, while quantum mechanics introduces probabilistic behavior at the microscopic level. In other words, Newton's laws describe classical mechanics, which is applicable to macroscopic objects, while quantum mechanics is necessary to understand the behavior of particles at the quantum level.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Newtons theory of gravit does not have to be modified so as to accommodate special realitivity
- A.
False
- B.
True
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Newton's theory of gravity does need to be modified to accommodate special relativity. Special relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein, describes how the laws of physics are the same for all observers moving at constant velocities. It introduces the concept of spacetime and the idea that the speed of light is constant. Newton's theory of gravity, on the other hand, is based on the concept of absolute time and does not take into account the effects of high speeds or strong gravitational fields. Therefore, to accurately describe gravity in extreme conditions, such as near black holes or at very high speeds, modifications to Newton's theory are necessary.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The einstein coefficents are associated with which of the following devices
- A.
Glue
- B.
Radio
- C.
Laser
- D.
Heater
Correct Answer
C. LaserExplanation
The Einstein coefficients are associated with the laser device. Einstein coefficients describe the rate of transition between energy levels in a system, and they are particularly relevant in the context of laser physics. Lasers work by amplifying light through a process called stimulated emission, which is governed by the Einstein coefficients. This process allows for the production of a coherent, intense beam of light with specific properties, making lasers an essential device in various fields such as medicine, communication, and scientific research.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The hesienberg uncertainty principle says that the uncertainty in position and unsertainty in momentum must satisfy dx*dp ~ h where h + 6.6 x10^-34 meters^2. If an elctron is known to pass through a slit of width dx =13.2 x10^-15 meters what is the uncertainty in its momentum
- A.
5x10^-18 kgm/s
- B.
46 kgm/s
- C.
0 kgm/s
Correct Answer
A. 5x10^-18 kgm/sExplanation
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that the product of the uncertainty in position (dx) and the uncertainty in momentum (dp) must satisfy dx*dp ~ h, where h is Planck's constant. In this question, the width of the slit (dx) through which the electron passes is given as 13.2 x 10^-15 meters. To find the uncertainty in momentum, we can rearrange the equation to solve for dp. Since h is a very small value, multiplying it by dx (which is also a small value) will result in a very small uncertainty in momentum. Therefore, the uncertainty in momentum is approximately 5 x 10^-18 kgm/s.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following is the great prediction of halley when he applied newtons laws of mechanics
- A.
Earth is in orbit around jupitar
- B.
Comets seen in the past are the same seen in the present
- C.
Planets are stars
- D.
Astrology is true
Correct Answer
B. Comets seen in the past are the same seen in the presentExplanation
Halley's great prediction, when he applied Newton's laws of mechanics, was that comets seen in the past are the same as those seen in the present. This prediction was based on his study of comets and their orbits. He observed that some comets appeared at regular intervals and hypothesized that they were actually the same comet returning periodically. This prediction was later confirmed when the comet now known as Halley's Comet was observed in 1758, exactly as Halley had predicted. This discovery provided strong evidence for the accuracy of Newton's laws of mechanics and revolutionized our understanding of comets and their behavior.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The position of any fundamental particle and its mometum can be measured simulatneously with increasingly smaller and smaller uncertainties in each value in principle the uncertainties can vanish
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, it is not possible to measure both the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously with arbitrary precision. The more accurately we measure one of these properties, the less accurately we can know the other. Therefore, the uncertainties in both position and momentum cannot vanish completely. Hence, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A metal is made of atoms that maintain on average constant distances from neighboring atoms. How can removing electrons from the metal lead to an elecrical current of holes insdie the metal?
- A.
Anti-matter positrons are the holes and so electrons must be pulled in from outside the metal, leading to a current.
- B.
An applied voltage across the metal will cause electrons to jump from an atom without a missing electron to one with a missing electron
- C.
Because the photoelectric effect is based on photons and potions are the holes
Correct Answer
B. An applied voltage across the metal will cause electrons to jump from an atom without a missing electron to one with a missing electronExplanation
When an applied voltage is across the metal, it creates an electric field that causes the electrons to move. Electrons are negatively charged particles, so they will be attracted to the positively charged holes created by the missing electrons. This movement of electrons from one atom to another with a missing electron creates an electrical current of holes inside the metal.Rate this question:
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