Emrapproved Monthly Medical Trivia - September 2011

Explanation
Hematuria is the medical term for the presence of blood in the urine. It can be caused by various factors such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, or even certain medications. Hematuria can be visible to the naked eye or can only be detected through a microscope. It is important to identify the underlying cause of hematuria as it can be a sign of a more serious condition such as kidney disease or bladder cancer.

Explanation
Hemarthrosis is an accumulation of blood in a joint. It occurs when there is bleeding within the joint, leading to swelling, pain, and limited range of motion. This condition can be caused by trauma, such as a fracture or dislocation, or by underlying medical conditions, such as hemophilia or other bleeding disorders. Prompt medical attention is important to diagnose and treat hemarthrosis to prevent further damage to the joint and surrounding tissues. Hematuria refers to blood in the urine, while hematosis refers to the process of oxygenating the blood in the lungs.

Explanation
Cholecystectomy is the correct term for the removal of the gallbladder. "Choledo" refers to the bile ducts and "cystectomy" means removal of the bladder. The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver that stores bile, which helps in the digestion of fats. Cholecystectomy is typically performed when the gallbladder becomes diseased or inflamed, often due to the presence of gallstones. It is a common surgical procedure that can be done through traditional open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques.

Explanation
Surgical repair of the cornea is known as keratoplasty.

Explanation
Raynaud's Phenomenon is a condition that affects blood flow to the extremities, typically the fingers and toes. When a person with Raynaud's Phenomenon is exposed to cold temperatures or experiences stress, their blood vessels narrow, leading to reduced blood flow and causing the affected areas, such as the fingers, to turn cold and pale (blanched). This symptom is a characteristic feature of Raynaud's Phenomenon and helps differentiate it from other conditions. Migraine headaches and hearing disorders are not typically associated with Raynaud's Phenomenon.

Explanation
Rhizotomy refers to the surgical procedure of making an incision into a nerve root. This procedure is often performed to relieve pain or other symptoms caused by nerve compression or irritation. Neurolysis, on the other hand, refers to the destruction or removal of nerve tissue, while neurectomy refers to the surgical removal of a nerve. Therefore, the correct term for incision into a nerve root is rhizotomy.

Explanation
Epistaxis is the medical term for nosebleed. This term specifically refers to the condition where there is bleeding from the nose. Rhinorrhea, on the other hand, refers to a runny nose, while exanthem refers to a rash or skin eruption. Therefore, the correct medical term for nosebleed is epistaxis.

Explanation
Phagomania refers to an insatiable craving for food. It is a condition characterized by an excessive desire to eat, often leading to overeating or binge eating. This term is derived from the Greek words "phagein" meaning "to eat" and "mania" meaning "madness" or "obsession". People with phagomania may experience a loss of control over their eating habits and may struggle with weight management and related health issues.

Explanation
The correct abbreviation for drops is "gtts".

Explanation
Bronchiectasis refers to the abnormal widening of the bronchi, which are the air passages in the lungs. This condition is characterized by inflammation and damage to the bronchial walls, leading to the permanent dilation of these airways. It can result from various factors, such as infections, genetic disorders, or underlying lung diseases. Symptoms of bronchiectasis include chronic cough, excessive mucus production, recurrent respiratory infections, and shortness of breath. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve lung function through methods like medication, airway clearance techniques, and sometimes surgery.