1.
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Upah Minimum Regional (UMR) Jakarta lebih besar dibandingkan UMR daerah lainnya dikarenakan …
Correct Answer
B. B. Biaya hidup di Jakarta lebih tinggi dibandingkan daerah lainnya
Explanation
The correct answer is b. Biaya hidup di Jakarta lebih tinggi dibandingkan daerah lainnya. This is because the cost of living in Jakarta is higher compared to other regions. This can be attributed to factors such as higher housing prices, transportation costs, and overall expenses for daily necessities. As a result, the minimum wage in Jakarta needs to be higher in order to meet the higher cost of living in the city.
2.
Pembangunan ekonomi pada dasarnya berkaitan dengan hal-hal sebagai berikut, kecuali …
Correct Answer
B. B.Penggunaan factor-faktor terbatas, sehingga penggunaannya efisien
Explanation
Economic development is primarily concerned with the efficient utilization of limited resources to increase the production of goods and services to meet the needs of society. This involves using scarce factors effectively to maximize output, increasing productivity, and providing employment opportunities to reduce unemployment. Option b states that economic development is not related to the efficient use of limited factors, which is incorrect.
3.
Masalah pokok dalam pembangunan meliputi ....
Correct Answer
B. B. pengangguran, kemiskinan, dan kesenjangan
pendapatan
Explanation
The main problem in development includes unemployment, poverty, and income inequality. These issues are crucial because they hinder progress and stability in a society. Unemployment leads to a lack of income and opportunities for individuals, while poverty and income inequality result in a disparity in wealth distribution. Addressing these problems is essential for achieving sustainable development and improving the overall well-being of a community.
4.
-
Pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah
Correct Answer
C. C.Proses kenaikan output per kapita dalam jangka panjang
Explanation
Economic growth refers to the long-term increase in the output per capita of a country. It measures the increase in the total value of goods and services produced by an economy over a period of time, adjusted for population growth. This growth is usually measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, which is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country divided by the population. Therefore, option c is the correct answer as it accurately describes economic growth as the process of increasing output per capita in the long run.
5.
Ciri-ciri umum pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunan ekonomi antara lain:
1. Terjadinya peningkatan GNP dan pendapatan per kapita dari tahun ke tahun
2. Peningkatan GNP dan pendapatan per kapita disertai pemerataan.
3. Mengalami perubahan struktur ekonomi.
4. Ditemukan sumber-sumber produktif dan
dapat didayagunakan dengan baik.
5. Adanya inovasi dan penguasaan teknologi
baru serta pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.
Dari ciri-ciri tersebut, yang termasuk ciri-ciri pembangunan ekonomi adalah ....
Correct Answer
D. 2,3,5
Explanation
The correct answer is 2,3,5. This is because these three options specifically mention characteristics that are associated with economic development. The first option only mentions characteristics of economic growth, while the fourth and fifth options include characteristics that are not mentioned in the given criteria. Therefore, the correct answer is 2,3,5.
6.
Pengangguran yang terjadi akibat tidak sesuainya jenis pekerjaan yang diminta dengan yang ditawarkan disebut pengangguran:
Correct Answer
E. E.friksional
Explanation
Pengangguran friksional terjadi ketika orang mencari pekerjaan baru atau berpindah dari satu pekerjaan ke pekerjaan lain. Ini bisa terjadi karena mereka baru lulus dari sekolah, pindah ke daerah baru, atau memutuskan untuk meninggalkan pekerjaan mereka sebelum mencari pekerjaan baru. Pengangguran friksional adalah jenis pengangguran yang sifatnya sementara dan biasanya terjadi karena keterbatasan informasi atau kesesuaian antara keterampilan pekerja dan permintaan pekerjaan.
7.
Pengangguran dapat mengakibatkan :
-
Kehilangan mata pencaharian
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Kehilangan penghasilan
-
Keterampilan berkurang
-
Keresahan masyarakat
-
Ketidakpercayaan masyarakat terhadap pemerintah
-
Keahlian berkurang
Dari berbagai akibat tersebut yang akan berdampak
pada gejolak social adalah …
Correct Answer
E. E. 4 dan 5
Explanation
Pengangguran dapat menyebabkan keresahan masyarakat dan ketidakpercayaan masyarakat terhadap pemerintah. Keresahan masyarakat dapat terjadi karena pengangguran dapat menyebabkan ketidakstabilan ekonomi dan ketidakpastian masa depan. Ketidakpercayaan masyarakat terhadap pemerintah dapat timbul karena mereka menganggap pemerintah tidak mampu mengatasi masalah pengangguran. Oleh karena itu, akibat pengangguran yang akan berdampak pada gejolak sosial adalah keresahan masyarakat dan ketidakpercayaan masyarakat terhadap pemerintah.
8.
Perluasan tenaga kerja dapat dilakukan dengan cara …
Correct Answer
D. D.Peningkatan kegiatan ekonomi dan pendapatan nasional
Explanation
Expanding the workforce can be achieved by increasing economic activities and national income. This means that when there is an increase in economic activities and national income, there will be more job opportunities available, leading to the expansion of the workforce.
9.
Informasi yang terdapat dalam pasar tenaga kerja:
1. Jenis dan tingkat pendidikan.
2. Keahlian khusus yang dimiliki.
3. Jenis pekerjaan dan lokasi perusahaan.
4. Pengalaman kerja.
5. Waktu dan lamanya bekerja.
6. Fasilitas tunjangan di luar gaji.
Informasi yang dibutuhkan pencari kerja atau tenaga kerja adalah
Correct Answer
E. E. 3,5,6
Explanation
The information that job seekers or workers need includes the type of job and company location (3), the time and duration of work (5), and the facilities and benefits beyond salary (6). This information is important for job seekers to make informed decisions about the type of job they want, the location they are willing to work in, and the benefits they can expect to receive. It also helps workers assess whether a job is suitable for their needs and preferences. Therefore, the correct answer is e. 3,5,6.
10.
Bila pendapatan dalam APBN diarahkan untuk membiayai pengeluaran di sector pembangunan, maka fungsi APBN yang dimaksud adalah …
Correct Answer
E. E.fungsi agent of development
Explanation
The correct answer is e. fungsi agent of development. This is because when the income in the state budget (APBN) is directed towards financing expenditures in the development sector, it implies that the function of the state budget is to act as an agent of development. This means that the APBN plays a role in promoting economic growth and development by allocating funds for infrastructure development, education, healthcare, and other sectors that contribute to the overall development of the country.
11.
Tujuan APBN adalah ...
Correct Answer
C. C. sebagai pedoman anggaran penerimaan dan pengeluaran negara
Explanation
The correct answer is C. sebagai pedoman anggaran penerimaan dan pengeluaran negara. This means that the purpose of APBN (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara) is to serve as a guideline for the budgeting of the country's revenue and expenditure. APBN helps to plan and allocate funds for various government programs and activities, ensuring that there is a systematic and organized approach to managing the financial resources of the state.
12.
Yang dimaksud anggaran defisit adalah ...
Correct Answer
D. D.jumlah anggaran belanja lebih kecil dari jumlah anggaran pendapatan
Explanation
Anggaran defisit refers to a situation where the amount of expenditure exceeds the amount of income. This means that the government is spending more money than it is receiving. In this case, option d is the correct answer as it states that the amount of expenditure is smaller than the amount of income.
13.
Asas berimbang dalam penyusunan APBN adalah ...
Correct Answer
E. E.penerimaan relatif sama dengan pengeluaran
Explanation
The correct answer is e. penerimaan relatif sama dengan pengeluaran. This means that the government's revenue is approximately equal to its expenditure. In other words, the government is not running a deficit or a surplus, but rather maintaining a balanced budget. This is important for financial stability and ensuring that the government is not overspending or underfunding its programs and services.
14.
Di bawah ini unsur-unsur penerimaan dan pengeluaran APBN:
-
Belanja pegawai
-
Bantuan program
-
Subsidi daerah otonom
-
Pembiayaan rupiah
-
Belanja barang
Yang termasuk pengeluaran rutin APBN adalah …
Correct Answer
C. 1, 3, dan 5
Explanation
The correct answer is 1, 3, dan 5. This is because belanja pegawai (expenditure for employees), subsidi daerah otonom (autonomous regional subsidies), and belanja barang (expenditure for goods) are all examples of routine expenditures in the APBN (State Budget). Bantuan program (program assistance) and pembiayaan rupiah (rupiah financing) are not specifically mentioned as routine expenditures in the given options.
15.
Di bawah ini unsur-unsur penerimaan dan pengeluaran APBN:
1.Belanja pegawai
2. Belanja barang dan jasa
3. Subsidi
4. Belanja pemeliharaan
5. Dana Alokasi Umum
Yang termasuk belanja pemerintah daerah adalah …
Correct Answer
C. 1, 3, dan 5
Explanation
The correct answer is 1, 3, dan 5. This is because belanja pemerintah daerah refers to the expenses incurred by the local government. Belanja pegawai (expenditure on employees) and belanja barang dan jasa (expenditure on goods and services) are expenses that the local government incurs. Additionally, subsidi (subsidies) and dana alokasi umum (general allocation fund) are also expenses that the local government has to bear. Therefore, options 1, 3, and 5 are the correct choices as they include all the expenses that are considered as belanja pemerintah daerah.
16.
Kebijakan yang dilaksanakan pemerintah dengan cara meningkatkan atau menurunkan pendapatan Negara atau belanja Negara, disebut
Correct Answer
C. C.Kebijakan anggaran
Explanation
The correct answer is c. Kebijakan anggaran. Kebijakan anggaran refers to the government's policy of increasing or decreasing the state's revenue or state expenditure. This policy is implemented through the budgeting process, where the government allocates funds for various sectors and activities. It is an important tool for managing the country's finances and achieving economic goals.
17.
Tarif pajak penghasilan sebagai berikut :
pendapatan sampai dengan Rp 10.000.000,00 15%
pendapatan di atas Rp 10.000.000,00 sampai dengan Rp 50.000.000,00 25%
pendapatan di atas Rp 50.000.000,00 35%
Apabila penghasilan kena pajak Tuan Budi dalam tahun 1992 sebesar Rp 88.000,000,00 maka pajak yang terutang dalam tahun tersebut sebesar ...
Correct Answer
C. C.Rp 22.800.000,00
Explanation
The correct answer is c.Rp 22.800.000,00. This is because Tuan Budi's income of Rp 88.000.000,00 falls into the third tax bracket, which is above Rp 50.000.000,00. According to the given tax rates, the tax rate for this bracket is 35%. Therefore, Tuan Budi's tax liability can be calculated by multiplying his income by the tax rate: Rp 88.000.000,00 x 35% = Rp 30.800.000,00.
18.
Seseorang mempunyai penghasilan bersih
Rp 67.592.000,00 dan pendapatan tidak kena pajak Rp 12.592.000,00.
Tarif pajak:
sampai dengan Rp 25.000.000,00 = 10%
di atas Rp 25.000.00,00 s.d. Rp 50.000.000,00 = 15%
di atas Rp 50.000.000,00 = 30%
Dari data tersebut besarnya pajak yang terutang adalah ...
Correct Answer
A. Rp 7.750.000,00
Explanation
The correct answer is Rp 7.750.000,00. To calculate the tax owed, we first need to subtract the non-taxable income of Rp 12.592.000,00 from the net income of Rp 67.592.000,00, giving us a taxable income of Rp 55.000.000,00. Since this amount is above Rp 50.000.000,00, the tax rate is 30%. Therefore, the tax owed is 30% of Rp 55.000.000,00, which is Rp 16.500.000,00. However, since this amount exceeds the maximum tax rate of Rp 25.000.000,00, the tax owed is capped at Rp 25.000.000,00. Therefore, the correct answer is Rp 7.750.000,00.
19.
Beberapa ciri pokok pajak adalah sbb, kecuali
Correct Answer
A. A.Dikenakan atas setiap penduduk tanpa kecuali
Explanation
The correct answer is a. Dikenakan atas setiap penduduk tanpa kecuali. Pajak tidak dikenakan kepada setiap penduduk tanpa kecuali, tetapi dikenakan berdasarkan aturan dan ketentuan tertentu. Ada beberapa jenis pajak yang hanya dikenakan kepada golongan tertentu seperti pajak penghasilan yang hanya dikenakan kepada mereka yang memiliki penghasilan di atas batas tertentu. Pajak juga dapat dikenakan kepada badan usaha, properti, atau transaksi tertentu. Oleh karena itu, pernyataan a tidak benar.
20.
Kebijakan fiscal merupakan kebijakan pemerintah untuk ..
Correct Answer
B. B.Mengatur pendapatan dan belanja Negara
Explanation
The correct answer is b. Mengatur pendapatan dan belanja Negara. Fiscal policy refers to the government's use of taxation and spending to influence the economy. By controlling the income and expenditure of the state, the government can regulate economic growth, stabilize prices, and manage the overall financial health of the country. This involves making decisions on how much money to collect through taxes and how much to spend on various sectors such as healthcare, education, infrastructure, and defense.
21.
Salah satu peran pasar modal adalah …
Correct Answer
A. A.Membiayai pembangunan
Explanation
One of the roles of the capital market is to finance development. This means that the capital market provides funding for various development projects, such as infrastructure, businesses, and industries. By providing financing, the capital market helps stimulate economic growth and progress in a country. This role is important as it allows businesses and projects to access the necessary funds to expand and create more opportunities for employment and economic development.
22.
Indeks yang terdiri dari 39 jenis saham yang dipilih berdasarkan aturan syariah islam adalah :
Correct Answer
D. D.Indeks Syariah
Explanation
The correct answer is d. Indeks Syariah. This index consists of 39 types of stocks that are selected based on Islamic Shariah rules. These rules prohibit investment in certain industries such as alcohol, gambling, and pork. The stocks included in this index are from companies that meet the criteria of Shariah-compliance, making it suitable for investors who want to adhere to Islamic principles in their investments.
23.
Resiko membeli saham suatu perusahaan adalah sebagai berikut, kecuali …
Correct Answer
B. B. Mendapat capital gain
Explanation
The given answer states that one of the risks of buying shares in a company is not receiving dividends. This means that shareholders may not receive a portion of the company's profits as a return on their investment. However, the answer also mentions that the risk does not include receiving capital gain. Capital gain refers to the increase in the value of an investment, so shareholders may still have the opportunity to make a profit if the value of their shares increases.
24.
Berikut yang tidak termasuk perbedaan antara pasar perdana dan pasar sekunder adalah …
Correct Answer
C. C. pada pasar perdana hanya terjadi pembelian saham sedangkan di pasar sekunder dapat terjadi jual beli saham
Explanation
The correct answer is c. pada pasar perdana hanya terjadi pembelian saham sedangkan di pasar sekunder dapat terjadi jual beli saham. This is because the primary market, or pasar perdana, is where new securities are issued and sold for the first time to investors. In this market, only the purchase of shares takes place. On the other hand, the secondary market, or pasar sekunder, is where previously issued securities are traded among investors. In this market, both buying and selling of shares can occur.
25.
Pasar di mana pertama kali suatu perusahaan menawarkan sahamnya kepada public disebut …
Correct Answer
D. D. pasar perdana
Explanation
The correct answer is d. pasar perdana. "Pasar perdana" refers to the primary market, where a company offers its shares to the public for the first time. This is typically done through an initial public offering (IPO) or a new issue of shares. It is the opposite of the secondary market (pasar sekunder), where existing shares are bought and sold among investors. "Pasar tunai" refers to the cash market, "pasar pertama" means the first market, and "pasar negosiasi" means the negotiation market.
26.
27 Berikut ini adalah ciri-ciri pasar perdana dan pasar sekunder
-
Harga yang telah ditentukan tidak dapat berubah
-
Dalam melakukan transaksi tidak kenakan komisi
-
Hanya berlangsung transaksi pembelian efek
-
Terdapat transaksi jual beli efek
-
Dalam melakukan transaksi terdapat biaya komisi
-
Harga berfluktuasi sesuai dengan kekuatan permintaan dan penawaran
Yang merupakan ciri pasar perdana adalah :
Correct Answer
D. D. 4, 5, dan 6
Explanation
The correct answer is d. 4, 5, dan 6. This is because in the primary market, there are transactions for buying and selling securities, there are commissions involved in the transactions, and the prices fluctuate based on supply and demand. The options 1, 2, and 3 are not characteristics of the primary market.
27.
Berikut ini adalah mekanisme perdagangan di Pasar Modal:
1. Calon penanam modal akan membuka opening account di perusahaan efek yang dipercaya untuk mengelola dana.
2. Perusahaan efek aktif mencatatnya dalam file customer perusahaan dan menyimpannya sebagai data perusahaan.
3. Saat pemilik modal ingin melakukan transaksi, ia harus menghubungi brokernya dan memberitahukan saham yang
diinginkan beserta jumlah dan harga yang ingin dibeli atau dijual.
4. Broker akan bertindak sebagai sales person, dan akan meneruskan perintah tersebut pada dealer di perusahaan investasi.
Urutan mekanisme perdagangan di pasar modal yang tepat adalah …
Correct Answer
A. A. 1, 2, 3, dan 4
Explanation
The correct answer is a. 1, 2, 3, dan 4. This is the correct sequence of the trading mechanism in the capital market. First, the potential investor opens an account with a trusted securities company. Then, the securities company records the investor's information and keeps it as company data. When the investor wants to make a transaction, they contact their broker and provide the desired stock, quantity, and price. The broker acts as a salesperson and relays the order to the dealer in the investment company.
28.
Sebab utama yang mendorong tumbuhnya perdagang-an Internasional adalah adanya ...
Correct Answer
E. E. perbedaan sumber daya alam
Explanation
The main reason that drives the growth of international trade is the difference in natural resources. Countries have different types and quantities of natural resources, which creates a comparative advantage for them in producing certain goods. This leads to specialization and trade between countries, as they can exchange goods that they have a comparative advantage in producing for goods that other countries specialize in. This allows countries to maximize their resource utilization and economic growth through international trade.
29.
Perdagangan internasional dapat terjadi di antara dua negara apabila masing-masing negara mampu menghasilkan satu jenis barang yang lebih unggul dibandingkan negara lainnya. Pernyataan tersebut dikemukakan oleh ...
Correct Answer
A. A. Adam Smith
Explanation
The correct answer is A. Adam Smith. Adam Smith is known for his theory of absolute advantage, which states that international trade can occur between two countries if each country is able to produce a certain type of good more efficiently than the other country. This theory emphasizes the importance of specialization and division of labor in promoting economic growth and international trade.
30.
-
Berikut ini adalah sebab terjadinya perubahan nilai tukar rupiah dan fungsi bursa valas :
-
Perubahan dalam cita rasa masyarakat
-
Kenaikan harga umum (inflasi)
-
Pertumbuhan ekonomi
-
Penyediaan fasilitas pertanggungan pembatasan resiko valas
-
Mentransfer daya beli dari satu valas kepada valas lainnya.
Yang merupakan sebab terjadinya perubahan nilai tukar rupiah :
Correct Answer
A. 1,2,3
Explanation
The correct answer is 1,2,3. This is because the changes in people's preferences and tastes (cita rasa masyarakat), general price increases (inflation), and economic growth can all affect the exchange rate of the rupiah. These factors can impact the supply and demand for the currency, leading to changes in its value relative to other currencies.