Ctk Logic, First Semester Exam
(13).webp "Ctk Logic, First Semester Exam - Quiz")
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following philosophers suggested that universals exist in name only?
- A.
Plato
- B.
Ockham
- C.
Aristotle
- D.
Whitehead
Correct Answer
B. OckhamExplanation
Ockham, also known as William of Ockham, suggested that universals exist in name only. This refers to his philosophical concept of nominalism, which argues that universal concepts or ideas are merely names or labels that we use to categorize and understand the world, rather than having an independent existence of their own. Ockham believed that only individual objects and their properties truly exist, and that universals are simply mental constructs or linguistic conventions. This perspective challenges the Platonic view that universals have an objective reality beyond our perceptions. Aristotle and Whitehead, on the other hand, held different philosophical positions and did not propose this idea.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of these terms has the greatest extension?
- A.
Lizard
- B.
Reptile
- C.
Mammal
- D.
Animal
Correct Answer
D. AnimalExplanation
The term "animal" has the greatest extension because it encompasses all living organisms that are not plants or fungi. It includes reptiles, mammals, and lizards, as well as many other species.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A univocal term has
- A.
One meaning
- B.
Two meanings
- C.
An unclear meaning
- D.
A meaning very similar to another word
Correct Answer
A. One meaningExplanation
A univocal term refers to a word or phrase that has only one specific meaning. It does not have multiple interpretations or unclear definitions. This means that when using a univocal term, there is no confusion or ambiguity regarding its intended meaning. Therefore, the correct answer is "one meaning."Rate this question:
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- 4.
Walking will make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. The above is a(n)
- A.
Term
- B.
Proposition
- C.
Argument
Correct Answer
C. ArgumentExplanation
The statement "Walking will make a man healthy, wealthy and wise" is an argument because it presents a claim (walking will have these positive effects) and provides reasons to support that claim. It is trying to persuade the reader that walking is beneficial for overall health, wealth, and wisdom.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Wealth The above is a(n)
- A.
Term
- B.
Proposition
- C.
Argument
Correct Answer
A. TermExplanation
The term "Wealth" refers to the abundance of valuable resources or possessions that an individual or society possesses. It is a specific word used to describe a particular concept or idea. Therefore, the correct answer is "term."Rate this question:
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- 6.
Walking increases circulation. The above is a(n)
- A.
Term
- B.
Proposition
- C.
Argument
Correct Answer
B. PropositionExplanation
The statement "Walking increases circulation" is a proposition because it is a declarative statement that can be either true or false. It presents a claim or assertion about the relationship between walking and circulation.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Love The above is a(n)
- A.
Term
- B.
Proposition
- C.
Argument
Correct Answer
A. TermExplanation
The term "Love" refers to a concept or word that represents a strong affection or deep emotional attachment towards someone or something. In this context, "Love" is being identified as a term, which means it is being categorized as a specific word or concept rather than being used as a proposition or argument.Rate this question:
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- 8.
God is love. The above is a(n)
- A.
Term
- B.
Proposition
- C.
Argument
Correct Answer
C. ArgumentExplanation
The statement "God is love" is an argument because it presents a claim or assertion that can be supported or refuted. It implies that there is a connection between God and love, suggesting that love is a fundamental aspect of God's nature. This argument can be explored and debated, with evidence and reasoning used to support or challenge the assertion.Rate this question:
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- 9.
"A litter of pups was living in the street in the middle of a pile of litter." In the sentence above, the term "litter" is used
- A.
Univocally
- B.
Equivocally
- C.
Analogically
Correct Answer
B. EquivocallyExplanation
In the sentence above, the term "litter" is used equivocally. This means that it has multiple meanings or interpretations. On one hand, "litter" refers to a group of puppies, while on the other hand, it also refers to trash or waste. Therefore, the term "litter" is used in a way that could be understood in different ways depending on the context.Rate this question:
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- 10.
"Poetry is an art, and painting is also an art." In the sentence above, the term "art" is used
- A.
Univocally
- B.
Equivocally
- C.
Analogically
Correct Answer
A. UnivocallyExplanation
The term "art" is used univocally in the sentence. This means that it is used with a single, consistent meaning. Both poetry and painting are referred to as "art" in the same sense, indicating that they are both considered as forms of artistic expression. There is no ambiguity or multiple interpretations of the term "art" in this context.Rate this question:
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- 11.
"Macbeth murdered Banquo, but he didn't murder the English language as you do." In the sentence above, the term "murder" is used
- A.
Univocally
- B.
Equivocally
- C.
Analogically
Correct Answer
C. AnalogicallyExplanation
The term "murder" is used analogically in the sentence. This means that the speaker is comparing Macbeth's act of murdering Banquo to the act of someone else "murdering" the English language. The speaker is suggesting that Macbeth's actions were harmful and destructive, just like how someone's misuse or abuse of the English language can be harmful and destructive.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In Plato's two-theory on universals, he suggested that universals are extremely real because they
- A.
Are concrete and tangible
- B.
Are the same on Earth and other planets
- C.
Are capable of being proved through mathematical reasoning
- D.
Are eternal and unchanging
Correct Answer
D. Are eternal and unchangingExplanation
Plato's two-theory on universals argues that universals are eternal and unchanging. According to Plato, universals exist outside of the physical world and are timeless and unchangeable. They are not concrete or tangible, as they are abstract concepts that can be applied to multiple instances. Plato believed that universals could be discovered through philosophical reasoning and contemplation, rather than through empirical evidence or observation. Therefore, the correct answer is "are eternal and unchanging."Rate this question:
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- 13.
"A school is a place of learning." In the sentence above, the relationship between the subject and its predicate may best be described as what kind of a relationship?
- A.
Genus
- B.
Species
- C.
Specific difference
- D.
Property
Correct Answer
B. SpeciesExplanation
The relationship between the subject "school" and its predicate "a place of learning" in the given sentence can be described as a species relationship. This is because the predicate "a place of learning" is a specific characteristic or type that belongs to the subject "school". It defines the type or category that the subject falls into, indicating that a school is a specific kind of place that is associated with learning.Rate this question:
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- 14.
"The students at the new Catholic school in the Charlotte area are very privileged to have MacBooks." In the sentence above, the relationship between the subject and its predicate may best be described as what kind of a relationship?
- A.
Genus
- B.
Species
- C.
Property
- D.
Accident
Correct Answer
D. AccidentExplanation
The relationship between the subject ("The students at the new Catholic school in the Charlotte area") and its predicate ("are very privileged to have MacBooks") is best described as an accident. An accident refers to a non-essential attribute or characteristic of the subject. In this case, the fact that the students have MacBooks is not an essential or inherent characteristic of being a student at the school, but rather an incidental or non-essential attribute.Rate this question:
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- 15.
"A man is a rational animal with a soul." In the sentence above, the relationship between the subject and its predicate may best be described as what kind of a relationship?
- A.
Genus
- B.
Species
- C.
Property
- D.
Specific difference
Correct Answer
B. SpeciesExplanation
The relationship between the subject "man" and its predicate "rational animal with a soul" is best described as a species relationship. This is because the predicate provides specific characteristics that define the subject as a particular type or species of animal. The predicate does not describe a property or a specific difference, but rather categorizes the subject as a distinct species within the animal kingdom.Rate this question:
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- 16.
"That man is bald and ugly!" In the sentence above, the relationship between the subject and its predicate may best be described as what kind of a relationship?
- A.
Genus
- B.
Species
- C.
Specific difference
- D.
Accident
Correct Answer
D. AccidentExplanation
The relationship between the subject "that man" and its predicate "is bald and ugly" can be described as an accident. This means that the qualities of being bald and ugly are not essential or inherent to the man's nature, but rather incidental or temporary characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Grass is green. I feel depressed today. Therefore, the grass is to blame for my depression. In the argument above, which fallacy is committed?
- A.
Ad hominem
- B.
Ad baculum
- C.
Non sequitur
- D.
Petitio principii
Correct Answer
C. Non sequiturExplanation
The fallacy committed in the given argument is a non sequitur. The conclusion that the grass is to blame for the person's depression does not logically follow from the premise that grass is green and the person feeling depressed. There is no logical connection between the color of grass and an individual's emotional state, making the conclusion irrelevant and unrelated to the premise.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Tom: "I believe that the government should have the power to regulate business." Fred: "Why do you believe this?" Tom: "I think that a government should promote the common good, and this involves, I believe, ensuring that workers receive a just wage." Fred: "Well, Tom, you are a socialist." In the argument above, which fallacy is committed?
- A.
Ad verecundiam
- B.
Straw man
- C.
Post hoc
- D.
Shifting the burden of proof
Correct Answer
B. Straw manExplanation
The fallacy committed in the argument above is a straw man. Fred misrepresents Tom's argument by labeling him as a socialist based on his belief that the government should regulate business. This misrepresentation distracts from the actual argument being made by Tom and creates a false characterization of his beliefs.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Sally: "Did the rain awaken you last night?" Jane: "Yes, it was raining cats and dogs!" In the argument above, which fallacy is committed?
- A.
Ad hominem
- B.
Hyperbole
- C.
Slanting
- D.
Slogan
Correct Answer
B. HyperboleExplanation
The fallacy committed in the argument is hyperbole. Hyperbole is a figure of speech that involves exaggeration for emphasis or dramatic effect. In this case, Jane uses the phrase "raining cats and dogs" to exaggerate the intensity of the rain.Rate this question:
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- 20.
"I'm pretty sure that Mitt Romney is going to win the Republican nomination for president this year. The polls certainly suggest that it's going to happen." In the argument above, which fallacy is committed?
- A.
Ad hominem
- B.
Ad verecundiam
- C.
Ad baculum
- D.
Ad populum
Correct Answer
D. Ad populumExplanation
The fallacy committed in the argument above is ad populum. This fallacy occurs when someone argues that a claim is true or false based on the popularity or acceptance of the claim. In this case, the person believes that Mitt Romney will win the Republican nomination because the polls suggest it. However, just because a claim is popular or supported by a majority does not necessarily make it true or valid.Rate this question:
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- 21.
In the system of logic, terms are either _________________.
Correct Answer
clear or unclearExplanation
In the system of logic, terms are classified as either clear or unclear. This categorization is based on the level of clarity and precision in their meaning. Clear terms have a well-defined and unambiguous meaning, while unclear terms lack clarity and can be interpreted in multiple ways. This classification is essential in logical reasoning as it helps to ensure the accuracy and validity of arguments by using clear and well-defined terms.Rate this question:
- 22.
In the system of logic, propositions are either ___________________.
Correct Answer
true or falseExplanation
In the system of logic, propositions can only have two possible truth values: true or false. This means that a proposition can be either true or false, but not both at the same time. This binary nature of logic allows for clear and precise reasoning, as propositions can be evaluated and determined to be either true or false based on their logical consistency and evidence.Rate this question:
- 23.
In the system of logic, arguments are either _______________________.
Correct Answer
valid or invalidExplanation
In the system of logic, arguments are classified as either valid or invalid. A valid argument is one where the conclusion logically follows from the premises, meaning that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true. On the other hand, an invalid argument is one where the conclusion does not logically follow from the premises, even if the premises are true. Therefore, in the system of logic, arguments are evaluated based on their logical validity.Rate this question:
- 24.
What does the phrase "unum versus alia" mean?
Correct Answer
one with respect to manyExplanation
The phrase "unum versus alia" means "one with respect to many." This phrase suggests a comparison or contrast between one thing and multiple others. It implies a focus on the singular entity in relation to a larger group or variety of things.Rate this question:
- 25.
All of the following are attributes of concepts EXCEPT:
- A.
Abstract
- B.
Universal
- C.
Concrete
- D.
Spiritual
- E.
Unchanging
Correct Answer
C. ConcreteExplanation
The given question asks for an attribute that is not associated with concepts. The word "concrete" refers to something that is tangible, specific, and can be perceived through the senses. In the context of concepts, they are usually abstract and not physical entities. Therefore, "concrete" is the correct answer as it is the only attribute that does not align with the nature of concepts.Rate this question:
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- 26.
In what year was Aristotle born? (NB: Do NOT use c. or B.C. in your answer, or this non-human system will count it as incorrect.)
Correct Answer
384Explanation
Aristotle was born in the year 384.Rate this question:
- 27.
In what year did St. Thomas Aquinas die? (NB: Do NOT use c. or B.C. in your answer, or this non-human system will count it as incorrect.)
Correct Answer
1275 - 28.
In what year was Alfred North Whitehead born? (NB: Do NOT use c. or B.C. in your answer, or this non-human system will count it as incorrect.)
Correct Answer
1861Explanation
Alfred North Whitehead was born in 1861.Rate this question:
- 29.
In what year did Plato die? (NB: Do NOT use c. or B.C. in your answer, or this non-human system will count it as incorrect.)
Correct Answer
348Explanation
Plato died in the year 348.Rate this question:
- 30.
Aristotle identified three sciences that correspond to the pursuit of the truth. Of these three sciences, he suggested that the theoretical are most important because they
- A.
Teach us practical lessons for life
- B.
Teach us about our deeper selves
- C.
Teach us about God
- D.
Teach us about the Earth
Correct Answer
B. Teach us about our deeper selvesExplanation
Aristotle believed that the theoretical sciences are the most important because they teach us about our deeper selves. By studying these sciences, we can gain a deeper understanding of our own nature, thoughts, and emotions. This self-awareness allows us to better navigate through life and make more informed decisions. It helps us to understand our own motivations and desires, and ultimately leads to self-improvement and personal growth. By studying the theoretical sciences, we can uncover the truths about ourselves and gain valuable insights into our own identities.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following are the four cardinal virtues?
- A.
Faith
- B.
Prudence
- C.
Temperance
- D.
Justice
- E.
Hope
- F.
Love
- G.
Fortitude
Correct Answer(s)
B. Prudence
C. Temperance
D. Justice
G. FortitudeExplanation
The four cardinal virtues are prudence, temperance, justice, and fortitude. These virtues are considered fundamental principles for leading a moral and ethical life. Prudence refers to the ability to make wise and practical decisions. Temperance is the virtue of self-control and moderation. Justice involves treating others fairly and equitably. Fortitude is the virtue of courage and strength in the face of adversity. Faith, hope, and love are considered theological virtues, not cardinal virtues.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Define reason and discuss its importance in the life of a Catholic.
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