Computed tomography review
Endoderm
Macroderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Trigeminal
Hypoglossal
Vagus
Glossopharyngial
Separates the cerebral hemispheres
To protect the brains surface
To produce cerebral spinal fluid
To provide comunication between right and left cerebellum
5-10 breaths per minute
12-20 breaths per minute
20-30 breaths per minute
35-50 breaths per minute
Sublingual
Intramuccular
Transdermal
Oral
Premedication with steroids and antihestamines
A negative contrast agent
Increase of fluid intake for 24 hours
Refraining from urinating for 2 hours before the test
Cephalic vein
Antecubital vein
Basilic vein
All of the above
Matrix size
Algorithm
Mas
Window level
1 only
1 and 2 only
3 only
1, 2, and 3
Concentration
Osmolality
Solubility
Iodination
Bun
Creatinine
Ptt
A&b
Blood-borne
Nosocomial
Iatrogenic
Staphylococcal
Neutral
Non ionic
Osmolar
Ionic
1-4 mg/dl
5-20 mg/dl
23-30 mg/dl
45-60mg/dl
Vasovagal reaction
Myocardial infarction
Transient ischemic attack
Hydrocephalus
Characteristic
Compton's scatter
Bremsstrahlung
Photoelectric effect
Chloral hydrate
Lithium
Diazipam(valium)
Secobarbital sodium
Increase the contrast of adjacent structures
Increase beam attenuation of enhanced structures
Increase the cost to the patient
A and b
L1-2
Ll3-4
L5
Superior portion of the coccyx
Afferent arteriole
Proximal tubule
Efferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary
To divide the cerebellum
To produce cerebrospinal fluid
To protect the brain
To provide comunication between the cerebella and cerebrum
Maxilary
Zigomatic
Temporomandibular
Sphenomandibular
Parotid
Parathyroid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Formatting
Continuoussampling
Quality conversion
Preprocessing
Aliasing
Noise
Ring
Partial volume averaging
Homogeneity of the xray beam
The lenghth of time for the xrays to pass through the patient and strike the detectors
The probability that the xray beam will be deflected
The distance between the patient and the detectors
How the details of the exam will appear
Beam energy
The algorythem for backprojection
Matrix size
Scan field of veiw
Cathode filiment and anode target angle
Linear attenuation coeficient and pitch
Prepatient collimator
Stationary rotors
Rorating anodes
Rotating detector array
Pencil beam geomitry
Sampler
Quantisizer
Dispencer
Coder
Pitch
Contrast resolution
Interpolation
Spatial resolution
0.79
0.99
0.39
0.59
To decrease the scan time
To remove high energy photons from the beam
To remove low energy xray photons from the beam
To increase patient dose
Fewer
Overlapping
Adjacent
More
The detectors are arranged in linear configuration
The xray tube and detectors rotate continuously in a 360 degree arc
The scanner uses a side to side motion called translation
The assembly is stopepd and rotated between each scan
Geometry
Speed
Transmission
Projection
Third
Fifth
Fourth
Second
Transaxial
Nutational
Translational
Helical
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 3
1, 2 and 3
1 and 2
1,2, and 3
2 and 3
1. and 3
Pencil
Cone
Fan
Rectangular
Robert ledley
Godfrey hounsfield
Johan radon
Allen cormack
Translation
Specification
Computation
Quantization
One year
6 months
2 years
18 months
Region of interest
Scan field of view
Display field of view
Matrix
Algorythm
Analog to digital converter
Picture archiving and communication system
Detector
Matrix size
Scan thickness
Voxel size
Scan time
Capture
Dynamic
Absorption
Reproducibility
Archiving system
Sample/ hold/unit
Analog to digital converter
Array processor
Aluminum
Carbon fiber
Plastic resin
Tungsten
Multiplanar
Anisotropic
Cubiform
Isotropic
True
False
Blurring
Contrast
Patient dose
Resolution
Aliasing
Beam hardening
Misregistration
Ring
360 degrees
180 degrees
120 degrees
75 degrees
Demenstration of nearly identical densitys
Few shades of gray
Many shades of gray
A narrow houndsfield number range
Shaded surface rendering
Maximum intensity projections
Volume rendering
Curved multiplaner reconstruction
A uniform resource locator , or url
The picture archiving and communication system, or pacs
The digital imaging and communications in medicine standards, or dicom
The hospital information system , or his
Evens out bright and dark pixels to create a uniform shade of gray
Removes scatter radiation from soft tissue
Evens out areas that look blurred or have suble differences in gray shades
Uses the middle of the anatomy as a referance point to start the field of view
Before the scan is performed
Only after archiving
After the exam is done
During the exam
Leave only the air filled structures
Enhance the darkest pixels and discard the brightest pixels
Enhance the brightest pixels and discard the darkest pixels
Ensure all of the anatomy is correctly within the field of view
X
Z
Q
Y
Suppresses the densest areas of anatomy
Adds detail to denser anatomy in the image
Delineates the needle used during ct biopsies
Enhances the soft tissue anatomy
Reconstruct the images from helical to axial orientation
Helps to automatically remove artifacts
Doubles the amount of scan data
Records the dose for the scan
Removes the darker pixel elements, while leaving the brightest
Adjusts the contour of the image by creating sharp edges from blurred ones
Changes axial image into coronal, sagital or oblique images
Reconstructs the spirally acquired images into what looks like indivisual slices
The highest boundary of the gray scale range
The darkest shadeof the window width
The mid point number in the hounsfield range for any given exam
The equation used to determine the window width
To localize brain tumors
To determine if there is sufficient blood flow to the brain
To assess chronic headaches
To provide a therapeutic alternative to surgery
Amount of radiation collected by the detector array
Amount of scatter radiation from the patient
Range of gray shades for a given exam
Distance between 2 adjacent slices
Optic
Olfactory
Trigeminal
Sense of smell
Sense of sight
Sense of touch
Olfactory
Abducens
Optic
Mainly motor
Sense of smell
Sense of sight
Trochlear
Optic
Oculomotor
Mainly motor, eye muscles
Sense of sight
Sense of touch
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
CONVOLUTION FILTERS
DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER
FOURIER TRANSFORMATION
Only 1, 2, and 3
only 1 and 3
Only 2 and 4
Only 3
Speed of image acquisition
Energy resolution
Contrast resolution
sspatial resolution
CT
DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
PROJECTION RADIOGRAPHY
ONLY 1. 2 AND 3
ONLY 1 AND 3
ONLY 2 AND 4
ALL ARE CORRECT
BACK PROJECTION
KERNEL
FOURIER TRANSFORMATION
LOOKUP TABLE
5 LP/CM
8 LP/CM
12 LP/CM
16 LP/CM
1, 2 AND 3
1 AND 3
2 AND 4
ALL OF THEM
CARTALAGE - MUSCLE
BONE- LUNG
GRAY MATTER- WHITE MATTER
LIVER- SPLEEN
-1000
-500
1000
0