Cohort 29 - Endocrine System Quiz
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
What does ADH stand for?
- A.
Antidiuretic hormone
- B.
Adrenoduretic hormone
- C.
Antidiabetic hormone
- D.
Acroduretic hormone
Correct Answer
A. Antidiuretic hormoneExplanation
ADH stands for antidiuretic hormone. This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. Its main function is to regulate the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys, thus reducing urine production and helping to maintain fluid balance in the body. It also plays a role in regulating blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What hormone is released by the pineal gland?
- A.
Oxytocin
- B.
Thyroxin
- C.
Melatonin
- D.
Calcitonin
Correct Answer
C. MelatoninExplanation
The correct answer is melatonin. The pineal gland is responsible for producing and releasing melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and is involved in the body's internal clock. Melatonin is released in response to darkness and helps promote sleep by making us feel drowsy. It also plays a role in other physiological processes such as immune function and mood regulation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What happens when blood sugar is low?
- A.
Glucagon is released by the alpha cells which stimulate stored glycogen to be transformed into glucose again
- B.
Glucagon is released by the beta cells which stimulate stored glycogen to be transformed into glucose again
- C.
Insulin is released by the beta cells which stimulate the glucose to be sent to the body’s cells and convert unused glucose to glycogen
- D.
Insulin is released by the alpha cells which stimulate the glucose to be sent to the body’s cells and convert unused glucose to glycogen
Correct Answer
A. Glucagon is released by the alpha cells which stimulate stored glycogen to be transformed into glucose againExplanation
When blood sugar is low, the body releases glucagon, which is produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas. Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. This helps to increase blood sugar levels and provide a source of energy for the body.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
- A.
Estrogen
- B.
Progesterone
- C.
Testosterone
- D.
A & b
Correct Answer
D. A & bExplanation
The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which are both hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and reproductive system. Estrogen is responsible for the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics, while progesterone helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy and maintain a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is "a & b."Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is an example of a steroid?
- A.
Prednisone/ cortisone
- B.
Insulin
- C.
ACTH
- D.
Prolactin
Correct Answer
A. Prednisone/ cortisoneExplanation
Prednisone and cortisone are examples of steroids because they are synthetic versions of cortisol, a hormone produced naturally by the adrenal glands. Steroids are characterized by their chemical structure, which includes a specific arrangement of carbon atoms in a ring shape. These hormones have various functions in the body, including regulating inflammation, immune response, and metabolism. Prednisone and cortisone are commonly used as medications to treat conditions such as allergies, asthma, and autoimmune diseases.Rate this question:
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- 6.
_____ cells secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
- A.
Exocrine
- B.
Target
- C.
Endocrine
- D.
Hormone
Correct Answer
C. EndocrineExplanation
Endocrine cells are responsible for secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones then travel through the bloodstream to target cells in different parts of the body, where they regulate various physiological processes. Unlike exocrine cells, which secrete substances through ducts to the external environment or specific organs, endocrine cells release hormones directly into the bloodstream for widespread distribution. Therefore, the correct answer is "Endocrine."Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following are true of the pancreas? Select all the answers that apply.
- A.
It helps maintain proper glucose levels.
- B.
It is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
- C.
The islets of Langerhans serve its exocrine functions.
- D.
Two types of cells, alpha and beta, present in the islets of Langerhans.
Correct Answer(s)
A. It helps maintain proper glucose levels.
B. It is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
D. Two types of cells, alpha and beta, present in the islets of Langerhans.Explanation
The pancreas helps maintain proper glucose levels by producing insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. It is both an endocrine and exocrine gland because it secretes hormones into the bloodstream (endocrine function) and digestive enzymes into the small intestine (exocrine function). The islets of Langerhans, which are clusters of cells within the pancreas, serve its endocrine functions by producing hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Two types of cells, alpha and beta, are present in the islets of Langerhans.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following are correct matches of combining form and meaning?
- A.
Aden(o): gland
- B.
Adren(o): pancreas
- C.
Thyr(o): parathyroid
- D.
Gluc(o): glycogen
Correct Answer
A. Aden(o): glandExplanation
The combining form "aden(o)" refers to a gland. This is a correct match because "aden(o)" is commonly used to describe various types of glands in medical terminology.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following are correct matches of abbreviation and meaning? Select all the answers that apply.
- A.
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
- B.
ADH: antidiuretic hormone
- C.
GH: growth hormone
- D.
GTT: glucose tolerance test
Correct Answer(s)
A. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
B. ADH: antidiuretic hormone
C. GH: growth hormone
D. GTT: glucose tolerance testExplanation
The given answer is correct. ACTH stands for adrenocorticotropic hormone, ADH stands for antidiuretic hormone, GH stands for growth hormone, and GTT stands for glucose tolerance test.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following are pituitary abnormalities? Select all the answers that apply.
- A.
Acromegaly
- B.
Dwarfism
- C.
Diabetes mellitus
- D.
Symptom of inappropriate ADH
Correct Answer(s)
A. Acromegaly
B. Dwarfism
D. Symptom of inappropriate ADHExplanation
Acromegaly and dwarfism are both pituitary abnormalities because they are caused by the overproduction or underproduction of growth hormone, respectively. The symptom of inappropriate ADH is also a pituitary abnormality because it is caused by the overproduction of antidiuretic hormone, leading to excessive water retention. However, diabetes mellitus is not a pituitary abnormality; it is a metabolic disorder caused by insufficient insulin production or ineffective insulin utilization.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following are thyroid conditions? Select all the answers that apply.
- A.
Hyperthyroidism
- B.
Hypothyroidism
- C.
Cushing syndrome
- D.
Acromegaly
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. HypothyroidismExplanation
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are both thyroid conditions. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and irritability. Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland that does not produce enough thyroid hormones, resulting in symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and depression. Cushing syndrome and acromegaly are not thyroid conditions, but rather hormonal disorders caused by excessive production of cortisol and growth hormone, respectively.Rate this question:
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- 12.
True or False: Exocrine glands are ductless glands.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products through ducts, which transport the secretions to a specific location. Therefore, the statement that exocrine glands are ductless is false. Exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, and mammary glands, among others, which all have ducts to transport their secretions to the body's surface or specific organs.Rate this question:
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- 13.
True or False: The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The pituitary gland is indeed located in the sella turcica, which is a bony structure at the base of the skull. The sella turcica acts as a protective housing for the pituitary gland, which is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and releases several important hormones that regulate various bodily functions. Therefore, the statement "The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica" is true.Rate this question:
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- 14.
True or False: The thymus gland is part of the immune system.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The thymus gland is indeed part of the immune system. It is a small organ located in the chest, behind the breastbone, and plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell responsible for immune responses. The thymus produces and releases these T-cells into the bloodstream, where they help defend the body against infections and diseases. Therefore, it is correct to say that the thymus gland is part of the immune system.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The parathyroid gland is made up of five glands on the dorsal slide of the thyroid.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The parathyroid gland is not made up of five glands on the dorsal side of the thyroid. In fact, the parathyroid glands are four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. They are responsible for producing and regulating the parathyroid hormone, which helps in the regulation of calcium levels in the body.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which type of diabetes results from deficiency of insulin?
- A.
Type I
- B.
Type II
Correct Answer
A. Type IExplanation
Type I diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, results from a deficiency of insulin. In this type of diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin production. Without sufficient insulin, the body is unable to regulate blood sugar levels effectively, resulting in high blood sugar. Type I diabetes typically develops during childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin therapy for proper management.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Slow pulse, sluggishness, and obesity may indicate hyperthyroidism.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The given statement is false. Slow pulse, sluggishness, and obesity are not indicative of hyperthyroidism, but rather of hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and restlessness.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which gland is considered “the master gland”?
- A.
Hypothalamus
- B.
Pituitary
- C.
Pineal
- D.
Thymus
Correct Answer
B. PituitaryExplanation
The pituitary gland is considered "the master gland" because it controls and regulates the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. It produces and secretes hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from other glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs. The pituitary gland also plays a crucial role in growth, development, and reproduction.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which type of diabetes occurs during adulthood, usually in overweight people?
- A.
Type I
- B.
Type II
Correct Answer
B. Type IIExplanation
Type II diabetes occurs during adulthood and is commonly seen in overweight individuals. Unlike Type I diabetes, which is an autoimmune condition where the body does not produce insulin, Type II diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance. This means that the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Risk factors for Type II diabetes include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet. Treatment often involves lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, exercise, and dietary changes, along with medications if necessary.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Medication prescribed for hypothyroidism?
- A.
Thyroxane
- B.
Synthroid
- C.
Synthroid
- D.
Synthyroid
Correct Answer
B. SynthroidExplanation
Synthroid is the correct answer because it is a commonly prescribed medication for hypothyroidism. It contains the active ingredient levothyroxine sodium, which is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. Synthroid helps to replace or supplement the thyroid hormone in the body, which is typically low in individuals with hypothyroidism. It is important to note that the other options listed (Thyroxane and Synthyroid) are not correct spellings or names of medications commonly used for hypothyroidism.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Medications used for treating HTN(Hypertension)
- A.
Nitrofurantoin
- B.
HCTZ
- C.
Water pill
- D.
Albuterol
- E.
Naprosyn
- F.
Atenolol
Correct Answer(s)
B. HCTZ
C. Water pill
F. AtenololExplanation
The correct answer is HCTZ, Water pill, Atenolol. These medications are commonly used for treating hypertension (high blood pressure). HCTZ, also known as hydrochlorothiazide, is a diuretic or "water pill" that helps to reduce the amount of water and salt in the body, thereby lowering blood pressure. Atenolol is a beta-blocker that works by blocking the effects of certain chemicals in the body, which helps to slow down the heart rate and lower blood pressure. Both HCTZ and Atenolol are commonly prescribed medications for managing hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A Type I diabetic patient is slow to respond to questions, slightly confused, and has a blood sugar of 52. What is your first priority?
- A.
Give her orange juice
- B.
Give her insulin
- C.
Call the doctor
- D.
Reassess in 30 minutes
Correct Answer
A. Give her orange juiceExplanation
The first priority in this situation is to give the patient orange juice. A blood sugar level of 52 indicates hypoglycemia, which can cause confusion and slow response. Giving the patient orange juice, which contains sugar, will help raise their blood sugar levels quickly and alleviate their symptoms. Insulin would further lower the blood sugar, so it is not the correct choice. Calling the doctor may be necessary, but providing immediate treatment is more important. Reassessing in 30 minutes would delay necessary intervention and could potentially worsen the patient's condition.Rate this question:
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- 23.
How is Type I diabetes managed?
- A.
Oral medications
- B.
Diet and exercise
- C.
Weight loss
- D.
Diet and insulin injections
Correct Answer
D. Diet and insulin injectionsExplanation
Type I diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is managed through a combination of diet and insulin injections. This is because people with Type I diabetes do not produce enough insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. By following a healthy diet and monitoring carbohydrate intake, individuals can better control their blood sugar levels. However, since their bodies cannot produce insulin naturally, they need to inject insulin to maintain stable blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is diet and insulin injections.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Following is a sensory test
- A.
Grip strength
- B.
Bicep jerk
- C.
Monofilament test
- D.
Amputation
Correct Answer
C. Monofilament testExplanation
The monofilament test is a sensory test used to assess the ability to perceive light touch and pressure sensation in specific areas of the body. It involves the use of a nylon monofilament to apply gentle pressure to the skin, and the patient is asked to indicate whether they can feel it. This test is commonly used to evaluate the presence of peripheral neuropathy, a condition that affects the nerves and can lead to loss of sensation. Therefore, the monofilament test is the most appropriate choice among the given options for assessing sensory function.Rate this question:
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