Chapter 29: Individual And Collective Learning
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- 1.Reflection-in-action can:
- A.
Undermine long term effectiveness
- B.
Occur after the event
- C.
Camouflage the need for learning
- D.
Help people decide what to do next
- 2.Whenever change agents intervene to secure change their behaviour is often based on their:
- A.
Espoused theories
- B.
Reactions to feedback from others
- C.
Knowledge of well-tried theories
- D.
Theories-in-use
- 3.Single loop learning leads to:
- A.
The development of corrective routines within the existing governing variables
- B.
An inattention to common errors
- C.
A review of the governing variables
- D.
The development of path breaking interventions
- 4.Which of the following are NOT barriers to reflective practice?
- A.
Being so bound up in a frenetic range of activities that they have little time or no opportunity for observation and reflection
- B.
Being sufficiently committed to a course of action that they can resist others’ attempts to challenge their world view
- C.
Challenging beliefs about the competence and motives of others that makes it easy for those leading the change to dismiss their feedback
- D.
Organisation structures, policies and management practices that limit upward communication
- 5.Swieringa and Wierdsma define organizations as:
- A.
A set of explicit and implicit rules
- B.
Open systems
- C.
Competing ideologies
- D.
Political arenas
- 6.Collective learning is most effective when:
- A.
Organisational members, at all levels, have data that could provide a valuable input to strategy formulation
- B.
Responding to threats or opportunities requires individuals and groups located in different functions to collaborate and share information
- C.
Those leading change recognize how others can help to improve organizational performance
- D.
All of the above
- 7.Which of the following is NOT an impediment to collective learning?
- A.
Members’ poor appreciation of the systemic qualities of organisations
- B.
Accessible channels for dialogue and the sharing of meaning
- C.
The context in which sharing and dialogue must occur
- D.
The characteristics of the sources and recipients of knowledge
- 8.What term does Janis use to describe the deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing and moral judgement that is the result of in-group pressure?
- A.
Self-reinforcing schema
- B.
Groupthink
- C.
Organizational silence
- D.
Ideological conformity
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