After completing the last quiz and reviewing your notes, you are now ready for the next level of organisation in nature: the molecules of life. This will build your understanding on how electrons are arranged in atoms, as well as the nature of covalent bonding and hydrogen bonding. Mutations od DNA will also be reviewed. These are the concepts that will be covered: structure dictating functions, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
Ball size reflects atom size and elements are colour coded.
Elements are colour coded and are all the same size.
Single, double, and triple covalent bonds are all shown and element isotopes have different colours.
These models only shown the carbon ring structures detached and are colour coded.
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Carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Carbon and Chlorine atoms.
Hydrogen and Chlorine atoms.
Hydrogen and Sodium atoms.
Copper and carbon atoms.
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Character: high energy, polar.
Character: Nonpolar
Character: Polar, low energy.
Found in cysteine.
A molecule splits into two smaller ones.
A molecule breaks and seperates its different atoms into individual new molecules sequences.
Two molecules covalently bond into a larger one.
Hydrogen bonds are broken and the atoms float around freely.
A cluster of atoms covalently bonded to a carbon atom of an organic molecule.
It is a transfer or juggling of covalent bonds converting into organic compounds.
The different activity cells requires to function.
A function that seperates them into two different groups depending on polarity and electronegativity.
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They make reaction proceed at a slower rate to give the cell time to grow.
They make the process of rearrangement faster, by converting the organic compounds at a steady rate.
They are fatty acids which can be decomposed through saliva.
They make reaction proceed faster than they would on their own.
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True
False
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A molecule splits into two smaller ones.
A molecule bonds to make a larger one.
A molecule seperates into its element components.
An atom bonds with another atom, creating a molecule.
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Yes.
No.
Fatty acids
Monomers
Some proteins
Amino acids
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They use it as structural materials and for store or instant energy.
They use it to transport proteins into the ribosomes.
They use it to store energy and to feed themselves for proper protein synthesis.
They only use it to store energy or to use it instantly.
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Monosaccharides
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Because of the different patterns of covalent bonds that link their glucose unit.
Since some are polar and some are non polar, causing some to be hydrophilic and some hydrophobic.
Since they are not found in the same nucleic acid. Some may be found in DNA and some in RNA, which alters their original state.
Because they are attached to lipids or proteins.
They are waxy, oily, fatty.
They are hydrophobic.
Main classes are triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes and steroids.
The structure unravels if hydrogen bonds are disrupted.
The fluid pressure on the arteries that lipids exert against the wall influences the osmotic movement of blood.
It tends to diverse or spread spontaneously.
Allows cells to maintain their complex organisations by replenishing them with vitamins and proteins.
Phospholipids are the main component of cell membranes.
True
False
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Lipids with a rigid backbone of 5 carbon rings and with fatty acid tails.
Lipids with a weak backbone and wth no fatty acid tails.
Lipids with no backbone and a fatty acid tail.
Lipids with a rigid backbone of 4 carbon rings and no fatty acid tails.
Lipids with a rigid backbone of 5 carbon rings and no fatty acid tails.
True
False
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The dog had a shift in pH after he started administering a new food. The dog's internal temperature was altered which then automatically compromised the protein's structure.
A mutation in DNA resulted in an amino acid sunbstitution that altered the protein's structure enough to compromise its function.
A mutation in DNA from a lipid which contained a bacteria of which was not administered earlier which caused his maternal immune system to collapse.
The coenzymes and energy carriers from the cell were altered due to the mutation of the DNA with changed the amino acid sequence to make the right protein which create a sickle-cell anemia.
Yes, it does.
No, it can still perform tasks.
Polymers----chains of nucleotides in which the sugar of one nucleotide is joined to the phosphate group of the next.
Polymers---- in which nucleotides have the DNA and act as the boss of the cell.
These always have AT and CG sequences.
Polymers----chains of nucleotides in which the sugar of one nucleotide is seperated from the phosphate group of the next
True
False
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