The Cardiovascular System 4

The sequence of events of one complete heartbeat is called the ______________. In its simplest form, it is the simultaneous contraction of the ________ followed a fraction of a second later by the simultaneous contraction of the __________ and finally relaxation of the entire heart.

________ refers to relaxation, while ________ refers to contraction.

The atria fill with blood during ______________. During this phase, the A-V valves are initially _________ and blood is constantly flowing from the ______ into both of the atria.

As the atria fill with blood, the pressure gradually _______ which forces the A-V valves to ________. _____% of the entering blood flows directly into the ventricles before the atrial walls have the opportunity to contract.

During __________, the atria contract which forces the blood out. As more blood accumulates, the pressure _______ in the atria and forces the remaining ____% of blood into the ventricles. The A-V valves are ______ during this time.

During ___________ ventricles relax and fill with blood. During this time semilunar valves are _______. The pressure is ______ in the ventricles when they are filling with blood, but when the atria contract the pressure _____ slightly in the ventricles.

During ____ the ventricles contract which causes ventricular pressure to _____ sharply which in turn causes the A-V valves to _______. Ventricular pressure continues to _______ until it exceeds the pressure in the ________ and the _________. At this time the semilunar valves are forced ______ and blood is ejected into those great vessels.

When the ventricles are nearly empty, the pressure _____ and continues to ____ as the ventricles relax (aka __________). When the pressure is greater in the arteries, the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves are _______ by the arterial blood flowing back toward the ventricles. When the atrial pressure is greater than the ventricular pressure, the A-V valves _______ and the ventricles fill again.

Most blood flows ______ from the atria to the ventricles, but all blood going to the arteries is __________ by the ventricles.

Heart sounds can be described by the unique ________ sound they give.

Normal heart sounds result from the proper closure of the ____________. Heart sounds are due to ________ of the heart tissues that are produced as the blood flow is suddenly speeded or slowed with ________ and _____ of the heart chambers and with the opening and closing of the _______.

The first part of the cardiac sound (the _____) occurs as the _______ are closing during ventricular ___________.

The heart sound from the bicuspid valve should be heard clearly at the _________ at the nipple line on the _________.

The heart sound from the tricuspid valve can be heart at the ________ and just _______ of the sternum

The second part of the heart sound (the ____) is associated with the closing of the __________ which occurs during _________.

The dupp sound is typically heard as a _______ because the semilunar valves tend to close much more ______ that the A-V valves.

______ sound is heard at the second intercostal space on the right.

_______ sound is heard at the second intercostal space on the left.

A brief pause occurs after the _____ heart sound when the heart is beating at a normal rate.

A _______ is an abnormal heart sound that is a result of turbulent blood flow that generates _______. This usually indicates a __________.